REALISME HUKUM KARL LLEWELLYN VS. RANTAI-BAJA FORMALISME: PEMENANGAN CITRA KEARIFAN PRAGMATIS DALAM ALGORITMA THE LAW-JOB THEORY
Abstract
Abstract
This project aims to highlight the anatomy of The Law-Job Theory, one of the most influential philosophical theories throughout Legal Realism. This theory emerged as a response to tearing through the web of illusion created by Formalism, which is suspected of “smuggling” monolithic dangers that often lurk behind the bland, flat, and seemingly “bloodless” processes of legal proceedings. Developed in US, it reflects the concerns of its initiator, Karl Llewellyn regarding the stiffness, rigidity, or hibernation in how formalist judges handle cases, often viewed with disdain by sharp-minded sociologists. The theory’s central idea is that law is “something that works.” Law works continuously to embody four administrative objectives that have become its absolute responsibility to realize: (a) resolving cases, (b) suppressing destructive behaviour, (c) delegating/revoking authority, and (d) maintaining harmony within social structures. For these works to achieve maximum effectiveness, the law requires adequate flexibility. The key lies in the hands of judges. They must transcend paper’s rigid certainties to prevent the law from losing its vital sociological essence and becoming a “cold, dysfunctional social force.” In their hands, the law is not static but progressive, evolving to reach the pinnacle of pragmatic maturity.
Abstrak
Proyek ini bertujuan mengetengahkan anatomi The Law-Job Theory, salah satu teori kefilsafatan yang dianggap paling berpengaruh dalam tradisi Realisme Hukum. Teori ini berupaya merobek jala ilusi Formalisme yang dicurigai menyelundupkan ancaman monolitik, yang sering kali mengintai di balik proses persidangan yang hambar, datar dan seakan “tidak memiliki darah”. Teori ini dikembangkan di Amerika, sebagai ungkapan kekhawatiran penggagasnya, Karl Llewellyn terkait kekakuan, rigiditas, atau hibernasi dalam cara hakim formalis mengapresiasi perkara-perkara, yang sering kali dianggap menjijikkan oleh sosiolog-sosiolog berpandangan tajam. Top of form idenya, hukum adalah “sesuatu yang bekerja”. Hukum bekerja sepanjang waktu, demi mengejawantahkan empat tujuan administratif yang secara mutlak telah menjadi tanggung jawabnya untuk merealisasikannya: (a) mendisposisikan perkara; (b) meredam perilaku destruktif; (c) mendelegasikan/mencabut otoritas; (d) mempertahankan harmoni dalam struktur-struktur sosial. Agar pekerjaan ini mencapai tingkat efisiensi dan efektivitas yang maksimum, yang diperlukan hukum adalah tingkat fleksibilitas yang memadai. Kuncinya di tangan hakim. Mereka harus mampu menjelajah lebih jauh, meninggalkan titik-kepastian yang kaku di atas kertas. Bagi teori ini, kepastian yang berlebihan dapat mengakibatkan hukum mengorbankan sebagian besar dari esensi sosiologisnya yang vital—mengubahnya menjadi “kekuatan sosial yang dingin-disfungsional”. Di tangan mereka perlu ditunjukkan bahwa hukum bukanlah sesuatu yang statis, melainkan progresif, tengah bertumbuh-kembang untuk mengincar taraf tertinggi dari hierarki kedewasaan yang pragmatis.
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