Effects of Maltodextrin on Sauropus androgynus Leaf Extract Characteristics
Keywords:
densitometry, metabolic profiles, Sauropus androgynus, spray dried
Abstract
Katuk (Sauropus androgynus) leaves have been traditionally used in Indonesia for increasing human breast milk production. In the previous research, katuk leaves have high moisture content, therefore katuk leaves extract were being prepared as spray dried S. androgynus extract. The freeze dried leaves were extracted with ultrasonic assisted extraction method using ethanol 80% as a solvent. Then, katuk extract was dried with spray drying method using maltodextrin as a drying aid. To improve the physical characteristics of this extract, it was mixed with mannitol, spray dried lactose, and crospovidone into S. androgynus extract powder. The results showed better physical characteristics, especially on moisture content and flow properties of powders. Metabolic profiles of all samples were analysed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) densitometry method, while the dried extract was dissolved in a suitable solvent and then spotted on GF254 and the plate was developed using a mixture of n-butanol:acetic acid:water (60:22:1.2). Based on TLC profiles, there are three different spots can be seen clearly at 366 nm on chromatogram of S. androgynus leaves, freeze dried leaves, spray dried leaves extract, and leaves extract powder. There is one spot (S3) at Rf 0.80 which is a stable chemical compound that is not affected by all factors in the entire process in S. androgynus extract powder formulations from extraction, drying, to formulation.
References
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Augsburger LL., Hoag SW. 2010. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Tablet, 3rd ed. Informa Health Care, London.
Bose, R., Saravana Kumar, M., Manivel, A., Candra Mohan, S. (2018). Chemical Constituents of Sauropus androgynus and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Activity. Research Journal of Phytochemistry, 12, 7-13. https://doi.org/10.3923/rjphyto.2018.7.13
Braz, R., Wolf, L. G., C. Lopes, G., de Mello, J.C.P. (2012). Quality Control and TLC Profile Data on Selected Plant Species Commonly Found in the Brazilian Market. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy, 22(5), 1111-1118. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2011005000204
Bunghez, F., Rotar, A.M., Cristian Vodnar, D., Catunescu, G. M., Socaciu, C. (2016). Comparative Evaluation of Phenolics’ Profile and Recovery in Spray Dried Powders Obtained from Rosemary and Oregano Extracts in Relation to Their Antibacterial Activity in vitro. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 22 (6), 11992-12004.
Cano-Chauca, M., Stringheta, P. C., Ramos, A.M., Cal-Vidal, J. (2005). Effect of the Carriers on the Microstructure of Mango Powder Obtained by Spray Drying and its Functional Characterization. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 6(4), 420-428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2005.05.003
Chaul, L.T., Conceição, E.C., Tereza F. Bara, M., Paula, J.R., Couto, R.O. (2017). Engineering Spray-dried Rosemary Extracts with Improved Physicomechanical Properties: a Design of Experiments Issue. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy, 27, 236-244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2016.10.006
Ekpong, A., Phomkong, W., Onsaard, E. (2016). The Effects of Maltodextrin as a Drying Aid and Drying Temperature on Production of Tamarind Powder and Consumer Acceptance of the Powder. International Food Research Journal, 23(1), 300-308.
Etti, C.J., Aniza Yusof, Y., Ling Chin, N., Mohd-Tahir S. (2016). Effects of Formulation on Flowability of Selected Herbal Powders Using Compendial Methods and Powder Flow Analyser. International Food Research Journal, 23(Suppl), S225-S230.
Gothandam, K.M., Aishwarya, R., Karthikeyan, S. (2010). Preliminary Screening of Antimicrobial Properties of Few Medicinal Plants. Journal of Phytology, 2, 1–6.
Hardjanti, S. (2008). Potensi Daun Katuk sebagai Sumber Zat Pewarna Alami dan Stabilitasnya selama Pengeringan Bubuk dengan Menggunakan Binder Maltodekstrin. Jurnal Penelitian Saintek, 13(1), 1-18.
Hasimun, P., Aligita, W., Nopitasari, I. (2018). Anti-Anemic and Analgesic Activity of Sauropus androgynus L. Merr. On Female Mice Model. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research (eIJPPR), 8.1, 98-102.
Kanchanapoom, T., Chumsri, P., Kasai, R., Otsuka, H., Yamasaki. (2003). Lignan and Megastigmane Glycosides from Sauropus androgynus. Phytochemistry, 63:8,985-988. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(03)00219-x
Khar RK., Vyas SP., Ahmad FJ., Jain GK. 2016. The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, 4th ed. CBS, New Delhi.
Lorensia A., Yunita O., Kharismawan A., Edelweis C., 2015. Acute lung toxicity of juice and soup of katuk (Sauropus androgynus) leaves as breastmilkbooster related to bronchiolitis obliterans, In: Proceedings of 1st International Seminar on Natural Resources Biotechnology: from local to global. Faculty of Biotechnology, Universitas Atma Jaya, Yogyakarta
Meng, J., Sze-Yin Leung, K., Jiang, Z., Dong, X., Zhao, Z., Jia Xu, L. (2005). Establishment of HPLC – DAD – MS Fingerprint of Fresh Houttuynia cordata. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 53 (12),1604 - 1609. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.53.1604
Papoutsis, K., Golding, J.B., Vuong, Q., Pristijono, P., Stathopoulos, C.E., Scarlett, C.J., Bowyer M. (2018). Encapsulation of Citrus By-Product Extracts by Spray-Drying and Freeze-Drying Using Combinations of Maltodextrin with Soybean Protein and –Carrageenan. Food, 7,115-127. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Ffoods7070115
Paul, M., Beena Anto, K. (2011). Antibacterial Activity of Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 6 (1), 189-192.
Peixoto, M.P.G., Freitas, L.A.P. (2013). Spray-dried Extracts from Syzygium cumini Seeds: Physicochemical and Biological Evaluation. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy, 23(1),145-152. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2012005000124
Roshanak, S., Rahimmalek, M., Amir Hossein Goli, S. (2016). Evaluation of Seven Different Drying Treatments in Respect to Total Flavonoid, Phenolic, Vitamin C Content, Chlorophyll, Antioxidant Activity and Color of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis or C. assamica) Leaves. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 53(1), 721-729. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13197-015-2030-x
Singh, J., Singh, R. (2009). Optimization and Formulation of Orodispersible Tablets of Meloxicam. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 8(2), 153-159. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v8i2.44524
Souza, C.R.F., Regina Georgetti, S., Jose Salvador, M., Jose Vieira Fonseca, M., Pereira Oliveira, W. (2009). Antioxidant Activity and Physical-Chemical Properties of Spray and Spouted Bed Dried Extracts of Bauhinia forficata. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 45(2), 209-218.
Srivastava, R., Muhammad Rurum, A., Mishra, P., Aminu Shehu, I., Rajak, C. (2018). Preliminary Phytochemical Investigation and TLC Fingerprint Profile of Amaranthus Herbs with Nutraceutical Potential. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 7(5), 224-229.
Tambunan, A.P., Bahtiar, A., Rubianto Tjandrawinata, R. (2017). Influence of Extraction Parameters on the Yield, Phytochemical, TLC-Densitometric Quantification of Quercetin, and LC-MS Profile, and How to Standardize Different Batches for Long Term from Ageratum Conyzoides L. Leaves. Pharmacognosy Journal, 9(6), 767-774. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2017.6.121
Tee, L.H., Luqman Chuah, L., Pin, K.Y., Abdull Rashih, A., Yusof, Y.A. (2012). Optimization of Spray Drying Process Parameters of Piper betle L. (Sirih) Leaves Extract Coated with Maltodextrin. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 4(3), 1833-1841.
Thankitsunthorn, S., Thawornphiphatdit, C., Laohaprasit, N., Srzednicki, G. (2009). Effects of Drying Temperature on Quality of Dried Indian Gooseberry Powder. International Food Research Journal, 16, 355-361.
United States Pharmacopeia 35 National Formulary 30 (USP 35 NF 30). 2012. The United States Pharmacopeial Convention., USA.
Vuthijumnok, J., Lateef Molan, A., Heyes, J.A. (2013). Effect of Freeze-Drying and Extraction Solvents on Total Phenolic Contents, Total Flavonoids and Antioxidant Activity of Different Rabbiteye Blueberry Genotypes Grown in New Zealand. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 8(1), 42-48.
Widiyanti, D., Heryati, K. (2018). Effect of Food Consumption Postpartum Mother’s Breastfeeding in Clinical Practice Midwife in Bengkulu City. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research. 9:5(E), 26807-26812. http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2018.0905.2127
Yu, S.F., Tung Shun, T., Ming Chen, T., Hui Chen, Y. (2006). 3-O-β-D-Glucosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucosyl kaempferol Isolated from Sauropus androgynus Reduces Body Weight Gain in Wistar Rats. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 29, 2510-2513. https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.29.2510
Yunita O., 2012, Metabolic and DNA Fingerprinting of Sauropus androgynus, in Food, Foodstuff and Food Supplement, as a Lactagogum for Increasing Human Breast Milk Production, Final Report Doctorate Research Grant. Danone Institute Indonesia, Jakarta.
Yunita O., Sulisetiorini., 2013. DNA Fingerprinting on ITS Region of Sauropus androgynus’ nrDNA from East Java, by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Method. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Natural Sciences, Shaker Verlag, Aachen, pp 251–257.
Yunita, O., Yuwono, M., Abdul Rantam, F. (2013). In vitro cytotoxicity assay of Sauropus androgynus on human mesenchymal stem cells. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 95(4), 679-686. https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2013.798412
Yunita, O., Rochmawati, I.D., Fadhilah, N.A., Benarkah, N. (2016). Molecular Study of Intraspecific Differences among Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. From Indonesia Revealed by ITS Region Variability. Biotechnology and Biotechnological Equipment, 30(6),1212-1216. https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2016.1224978
Yunita, O., Abdul Rantam, F., Yuwono, M. (2019). Metabolic Fingerprinting of Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. Leaf Extracts. Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia, 46(2), 69-79. DOI: 10.29090/psa.2019.02.017.0043
Antal, T., Hwa Chong, C., Lim Law, C., Sikolya, L. (2014). Effects of Freeze Drying on Retention of Essential Oils, Changes in Glandular Trichomes of Lemon Balm Leaves. International Food Research Journal, 21(1), 387-394.
Augsburger LL., Hoag SW. 2010. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Tablet, 3rd ed. Informa Health Care, London.
Bose, R., Saravana Kumar, M., Manivel, A., Candra Mohan, S. (2018). Chemical Constituents of Sauropus androgynus and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Activity. Research Journal of Phytochemistry, 12, 7-13. https://doi.org/10.3923/rjphyto.2018.7.13
Braz, R., Wolf, L. G., C. Lopes, G., de Mello, J.C.P. (2012). Quality Control and TLC Profile Data on Selected Plant Species Commonly Found in the Brazilian Market. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy, 22(5), 1111-1118. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2011005000204
Bunghez, F., Rotar, A.M., Cristian Vodnar, D., Catunescu, G. M., Socaciu, C. (2016). Comparative Evaluation of Phenolics’ Profile and Recovery in Spray Dried Powders Obtained from Rosemary and Oregano Extracts in Relation to Their Antibacterial Activity in vitro. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 22 (6), 11992-12004.
Cano-Chauca, M., Stringheta, P. C., Ramos, A.M., Cal-Vidal, J. (2005). Effect of the Carriers on the Microstructure of Mango Powder Obtained by Spray Drying and its Functional Characterization. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 6(4), 420-428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2005.05.003
Chaul, L.T., Conceição, E.C., Tereza F. Bara, M., Paula, J.R., Couto, R.O. (2017). Engineering Spray-dried Rosemary Extracts with Improved Physicomechanical Properties: a Design of Experiments Issue. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy, 27, 236-244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2016.10.006
Ekpong, A., Phomkong, W., Onsaard, E. (2016). The Effects of Maltodextrin as a Drying Aid and Drying Temperature on Production of Tamarind Powder and Consumer Acceptance of the Powder. International Food Research Journal, 23(1), 300-308.
Etti, C.J., Aniza Yusof, Y., Ling Chin, N., Mohd-Tahir S. (2016). Effects of Formulation on Flowability of Selected Herbal Powders Using Compendial Methods and Powder Flow Analyser. International Food Research Journal, 23(Suppl), S225-S230.
Gothandam, K.M., Aishwarya, R., Karthikeyan, S. (2010). Preliminary Screening of Antimicrobial Properties of Few Medicinal Plants. Journal of Phytology, 2, 1–6.
Hardjanti, S. (2008). Potensi Daun Katuk sebagai Sumber Zat Pewarna Alami dan Stabilitasnya selama Pengeringan Bubuk dengan Menggunakan Binder Maltodekstrin. Jurnal Penelitian Saintek, 13(1), 1-18.
Hasimun, P., Aligita, W., Nopitasari, I. (2018). Anti-Anemic and Analgesic Activity of Sauropus androgynus L. Merr. On Female Mice Model. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research (eIJPPR), 8.1, 98-102.
Kanchanapoom, T., Chumsri, P., Kasai, R., Otsuka, H., Yamasaki. (2003). Lignan and Megastigmane Glycosides from Sauropus androgynus. Phytochemistry, 63:8,985-988. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(03)00219-x
Khar RK., Vyas SP., Ahmad FJ., Jain GK. 2016. The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, 4th ed. CBS, New Delhi.
Lorensia A., Yunita O., Kharismawan A., Edelweis C., 2015. Acute lung toxicity of juice and soup of katuk (Sauropus androgynus) leaves as breastmilkbooster related to bronchiolitis obliterans, In: Proceedings of 1st International Seminar on Natural Resources Biotechnology: from local to global. Faculty of Biotechnology, Universitas Atma Jaya, Yogyakarta
Meng, J., Sze-Yin Leung, K., Jiang, Z., Dong, X., Zhao, Z., Jia Xu, L. (2005). Establishment of HPLC – DAD – MS Fingerprint of Fresh Houttuynia cordata. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 53 (12),1604 - 1609. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.53.1604
Papoutsis, K., Golding, J.B., Vuong, Q., Pristijono, P., Stathopoulos, C.E., Scarlett, C.J., Bowyer M. (2018). Encapsulation of Citrus By-Product Extracts by Spray-Drying and Freeze-Drying Using Combinations of Maltodextrin with Soybean Protein and –Carrageenan. Food, 7,115-127. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Ffoods7070115
Paul, M., Beena Anto, K. (2011). Antibacterial Activity of Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 6 (1), 189-192.
Peixoto, M.P.G., Freitas, L.A.P. (2013). Spray-dried Extracts from Syzygium cumini Seeds: Physicochemical and Biological Evaluation. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy, 23(1),145-152. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2012005000124
Roshanak, S., Rahimmalek, M., Amir Hossein Goli, S. (2016). Evaluation of Seven Different Drying Treatments in Respect to Total Flavonoid, Phenolic, Vitamin C Content, Chlorophyll, Antioxidant Activity and Color of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis or C. assamica) Leaves. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 53(1), 721-729. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13197-015-2030-x
Singh, J., Singh, R. (2009). Optimization and Formulation of Orodispersible Tablets of Meloxicam. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 8(2), 153-159. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v8i2.44524
Souza, C.R.F., Regina Georgetti, S., Jose Salvador, M., Jose Vieira Fonseca, M., Pereira Oliveira, W. (2009). Antioxidant Activity and Physical-Chemical Properties of Spray and Spouted Bed Dried Extracts of Bauhinia forficata. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 45(2), 209-218.
Srivastava, R., Muhammad Rurum, A., Mishra, P., Aminu Shehu, I., Rajak, C. (2018). Preliminary Phytochemical Investigation and TLC Fingerprint Profile of Amaranthus Herbs with Nutraceutical Potential. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 7(5), 224-229.
Tambunan, A.P., Bahtiar, A., Rubianto Tjandrawinata, R. (2017). Influence of Extraction Parameters on the Yield, Phytochemical, TLC-Densitometric Quantification of Quercetin, and LC-MS Profile, and How to Standardize Different Batches for Long Term from Ageratum Conyzoides L. Leaves. Pharmacognosy Journal, 9(6), 767-774. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2017.6.121
Tee, L.H., Luqman Chuah, L., Pin, K.Y., Abdull Rashih, A., Yusof, Y.A. (2012). Optimization of Spray Drying Process Parameters of Piper betle L. (Sirih) Leaves Extract Coated with Maltodextrin. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 4(3), 1833-1841.
Thankitsunthorn, S., Thawornphiphatdit, C., Laohaprasit, N., Srzednicki, G. (2009). Effects of Drying Temperature on Quality of Dried Indian Gooseberry Powder. International Food Research Journal, 16, 355-361.
United States Pharmacopeia 35 National Formulary 30 (USP 35 NF 30). 2012. The United States Pharmacopeial Convention., USA.
Vuthijumnok, J., Lateef Molan, A., Heyes, J.A. (2013). Effect of Freeze-Drying and Extraction Solvents on Total Phenolic Contents, Total Flavonoids and Antioxidant Activity of Different Rabbiteye Blueberry Genotypes Grown in New Zealand. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 8(1), 42-48.
Widiyanti, D., Heryati, K. (2018). Effect of Food Consumption Postpartum Mother’s Breastfeeding in Clinical Practice Midwife in Bengkulu City. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research. 9:5(E), 26807-26812. http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2018.0905.2127
Yu, S.F., Tung Shun, T., Ming Chen, T., Hui Chen, Y. (2006). 3-O-β-D-Glucosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucosyl kaempferol Isolated from Sauropus androgynus Reduces Body Weight Gain in Wistar Rats. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 29, 2510-2513. https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.29.2510
Yunita O., 2012, Metabolic and DNA Fingerprinting of Sauropus androgynus, in Food, Foodstuff and Food Supplement, as a Lactagogum for Increasing Human Breast Milk Production, Final Report Doctorate Research Grant. Danone Institute Indonesia, Jakarta.
Yunita O., Sulisetiorini., 2013. DNA Fingerprinting on ITS Region of Sauropus androgynus’ nrDNA from East Java, by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Method. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Natural Sciences, Shaker Verlag, Aachen, pp 251–257.
Yunita, O., Yuwono, M., Abdul Rantam, F. (2013). In vitro cytotoxicity assay of Sauropus androgynus on human mesenchymal stem cells. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 95(4), 679-686. https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2013.798412
Yunita, O., Rochmawati, I.D., Fadhilah, N.A., Benarkah, N. (2016). Molecular Study of Intraspecific Differences among Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. From Indonesia Revealed by ITS Region Variability. Biotechnology and Biotechnological Equipment, 30(6),1212-1216. https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2016.1224978
Yunita, O., Abdul Rantam, F., Yuwono, M. (2019). Metabolic Fingerprinting of Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. Leaf Extracts. Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia, 46(2), 69-79. DOI: 10.29090/psa.2019.02.017.0043
Published
2022-09-28
How to Cite
Yunita, O., Nuniek Winantari, A., Permana Sugiarto, R., Sutanto Prayitna, G., & Hwa, L. (2022). Effects of Maltodextrin on Sauropus androgynus Leaf Extract Characteristics. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy, 33(3), 455-464. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.4443
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Section
Research Article
