Development, Optimization, and Physicochemical Characterization of Liposomal Formulations Containing Ethanolic Leaf Extract and Flavonoid-Rich Fraction of Albizia lebbeck for Enhanced Hepatoprotective Delivery
Keywords:
Albizia lebbeck, liposomes, flavonoid fraction, hepatoprotective, thin-film hydration, encapsulation efficiency
Abstract
This work describes the development, optimization and characterization of liposomal carriers loaded with an ethanolic leave extract and a flavonoid-rich fraction of Albizia lebbeck (A. lebbeck) to improve hepatoprotective activity. Liposomes were prepared by the thin film hydration method, followed by probe sonication and optimized for vesicle size, zeta potential, PDI, and encapsulation efficiency. The ethanolic extract-loaded liposomes exhibited a smaller vesicle size of 152.4 ± 3.6 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.212 ± 0.01, a zeta potential of −32.6 ± 2.3 mV, and an encapsulation efficiency of 67.8 ± 2.4%. On the other hand, the liposomes encapsulating flavonoid-rich fraction resulted in a smaller vesicle size (138.2 ± 4.1 nm), a lower PDI (0.198 ± 0.02), a more negative zeta potential (−36.2 ± 1.9 mV), and a significantly higher encapsulation efficiency (82.5 ± 1.7%). Morphological characterization by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) showed consistently spherical vesicles. In vitro release studies revealed even a better controlled release profile over 24h, where flavonoid-loaded liposomes released 82.3% compared to 30.1% released from the crude extract-loaded liposomes after 24h. The physical stability of the liposomal formulations was improved, as evidenced by stability studies conducted at 4°C and 25°C for 30 days. Thus, these results suggest that the bioavailability, stability and therapeutic effects of A. lebbeck components, particularly the flavonoid-rich fraction, can be significantly improved by liposomal encapsulation, thus supporting its potential application as an advanced hepatoprotective delivery system.
References
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Osman, S., Osman, M., Paliwal, L., Ambwani, S., & Ambwani, T. K. (2024). Comparative analysis of A. lebbeck and Lawsonia inermis: Phytochemical estimation and their immunomodulatory effects. The Journal of Phytopharmacology, 13(6), 464–469. https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2024.13607
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Published
2026-05-04
How to Cite
Lal, P., & Patel, J. (2026). Development, Optimization, and Physicochemical Characterization of Liposomal Formulations Containing Ethanolic Leaf Extract and Flavonoid-Rich Fraction of Albizia lebbeck for Enhanced Hepatoprotective Delivery. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy, 37(2), 312–329. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.27798
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Research Article
