Bioactive fractions from Streptococcus macedonicus MBF 10-2 produced in an optimized plant-based peptone medium fermentation
Abstract
Postbiotic fractions of several lactic acid bacteria have potential as microbial therapeutics for skin health and may also appeal to consumers who wish to avoid animal-based products. We aim to establish the optimum plant-peptone fermentation of Streptococcus macedonicus MBF10-2, which possess Bacteriocin Like-Inhibitory Substance activity in our previous study, to produce bacterial bioactive fractions. We evaluate their potential antibacterial and antioxidant actions, and as well assess the preliminary safety for human skin application. Fermentation was carried out by using plant peptone modified MRS, i.e., soy peptone and Vegitone, a non-animal-carbon sources that substitute proteose peptone in MRS medium. Fractions of MBF10-2 lysate and cell-free supernatant were collected and processed as follows, i.e. cell disruption, fraction separation and fractions freeze-drying. Fractions were confirm for antibacterial properties by the agar well diffusion method and assess for antioxidant activity using DPPH, while safety assessment was carried-out by skin patch assay. Maximum growth of MBF10-2 achieved by fermentation in soy peptone- and in Vegitone-modified media was 9.00 and 7.99 g total cell mass, respectively. The antibacterial property of fractions was most effective against Micrococcus luteus T18. The lysate fraction exhibited a mild antioxidant potency (IC50 840 µg/mL), and all bioactive fractions were proven safe and non-allergenic for human skins. Strep. macedonicus MBF10-2 postbiotics bioactive fractions were indicated as being safe for topical application. This is the first report on the production of a safe Strep. macedonicus bioactive postbiotic possessing mild antibacterial and mild-to-weak antioxidant.
References
Mimee, M., R.J. Citorik, and T.K. Lu, Microbiome therapeutics—advances and challenges. Advanced drug delivery reviews, 2016. 105: p. 44-54.
ElRakaiby, M., et al., Pharmacomicrobiomics: the impact of human microbiome variations on systems pharmacology and personalized therapeutics. Omics: a journal of integrative biology, 2014. 18(7): p. 402-414.
Reardon, S., Microbiome therapy gains market traction. Nature News, 2014. 509(7500): p. 269.
Cazzola, M., et al., Bacterial lysates as a potentially effective approach in preventing acute exacerbation of COPD. Current opinion in pharmacology, 2012. 12(3): p. 300-308.
Konstantinov, S.R., E.J. Kuipers, and M.P. Peppelenbosch, Functional genomic analyses of the gut microbiota for CRC screening. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2013. 10(12): p. 741.
Tsilingiri, K. and M. Rescigno, Postbiotics: what else? Beneficial microbes, 2012. 4(1): p. 101-107.
Doron, S. and D.R. Snydman, Risk and safety of probiotics. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2015. 60(suppl_2): p. S129-S134.
Shenderov, B.A., Metabiotics: novel idea or natural development of probiotic conception. Microbial ecology in Health and Disease, 2013. 24(1): p. 20399.
Iordache, F., et al., Antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity of some probiotic fractions with potential clinical application. Archiva Zootechnica, 2008. 11(3): p. 41-51.
Fessard, A. and F. Remize, Why are Weissella spp. not used as commercial starter cultures for food fermentation? Fermentation, 2017. 3(3): p. 38.
Cotter, P.D., C. Hill, and R.P. Ross, Food microbiology: bacteriocins: developing innate immunity for food. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2005. 3(10): p. 777.
De Vuyst, L. and F. Leroy, Bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria: production, purification, and food applications. Journal of molecular microbiology and biotechnology, 2007. 13(4): p. 194-199.
Lew, L. and M. Liong, Divalent ions of Mn and Mg improved sphingomyelinase activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus FTDC 8313. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 2012.
Lew, L.C. and M.T. Liong, Bioactives from probiotics for dermal health: functions and benefits. Journal of applied microbiology, 2013. 114(5): p. 1241-1253.
Guéniche, A., et al., Bifidobacterium longum lysate, a new ingredient for reactive skin. Experimental dermatology, 2010. 19(8): p. e1-e8.
Genard, S., Use of a lysate of a culture of a bacterium of the vitreoscilla sp. genus for preventing and/or treating hyperseborrhoeic conditions of the scalp. 2015, Google Patents.
Putaala, H., et al., Probiotic bacteria for the topical treatment of skin disorders. 2016, Google Patents.
König, H. and J. Fröhlich, Lactic acid bacteria, in Biology of Microorganisms on Grapes, in Must and in Wine. 2017, Springer. p. 3-41.
Georgalaki, M.D., et al., Macedocin, a food-grade lantibiotic produced by Streptococcus macedonicus ACA-DC 198. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2002. 68(12): p. 5891-5903.
Malik, A., et al., Screening of lactic acid bacteria from Indonesia reveals glucansucrase and fructansucrase genes in two different Weissella confusa strains from soya. FEMS microbiology letters, 2009. 300(1): p. 131-138.
Grazia, S.E., et al., Bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) activity of Streptococcus macedonicus MBF10-2 and its synergistic action in combination with antibiotics. Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine, 2017. 10(12): p. 1140-1145.
Casalone, C. and J. Hope, Atypical and classic bovine spongiform encephalopathy, in Handbook of clinical neurology. 2018, Elsevier. p. 121-134.
Andyanti, D., et al., Optimization of Streptococcus macedonicus MBF10-2 Lysate Production in Plant-based Medium by Using Response Surface Methodology. 한국미생물· 생명공학회지, 2019. 47(2): p. 220-233.
De Man, J., d. Rogosa, and M.E. Sharpe, A medium for the cultivation of lactobacilli. Journal of applied Bacteriology, 1960. 23(1): p. 130-135.
Boateng, J. and K. Diunase, Comparing the Antibacterial and Functional Properties of Cameroonian and Manuka Honeys for Potential Wound Healing—Have We Come Full Cycle in Dealing with Antibiotic Resistance? Molecules, 2015. 20(9): p. 16068-16084.
McFarland, J., The nephelometer: an instrument for estimating the number of bacteria in suspensions used for calculating the opsonic index and for vaccines. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1907. 49(14): p. 1176-1178.
Kronvall, G., et al., A new method for normalized interpretation of antimicrobial resistance from disk test results for comparative purposes. Clinical microbiology and infection, 2003. 9(2): p. 120-132.
Lazzarini, R., I. Duarte, and A.L. Ferreira, Patch tests. Anais brasileiros de dermatologia, 2013. 88(6): p. 879-888.
De Vuyst, L. and E. Tsakalidou, Streptococcus macedonicus, a multi-functional and promising species for dairy fermentations. International dairy journal, 2008. 18(5): p. 476-485.
Dunford, N.T., Food and industrial bioproducts and bioprocessing. 2012: Wiley Online Library.
Yang, Y. and M. Sha, A Beginner’s Guide to Bioprocess Modes–Batch, Fed-Batch, and Continuous Fermentation. 2019, Eppendorf Application Note.
Shen, Q., N. Shang, and P. Li, In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of Bifidobacterium animalis 01 isolated from centenarians. Current microbiology, 2011. 62(4): p. 1097-1103.
Dinarvand, M., et al., Effect of C/N ratio and media optimization through response surface methodology on simultaneous productions of intra-and extracellular inulinase and invertase from Aspergillus niger ATCC 20611. BioMed research international, 2013. 2013.
Truong, Q., et al., Influence of carbon to nitrogen ratios on soybean somatic embryo (cv. Jack) growth and composition. Journal of experimental botany, 2013. 64(10): p. 2985-2995.
Kumar, R. and K. Shimizu, Metabolic regulation of Escherichia coli and its gdhA, glnL, gltB, D mutants under different carbon and nitrogen limitations in the continuous culture. Microbial Cell Factories, 2010. 9(1): p. 8.
Dinarvand, M., et al., Optimization of medium composition and culture conditions for invertase production by Aspergillus niger ATCC 20611. Minerva Biotecnologica, 2012. 24(4): p. 135.
Dinarvand, M., et al., Effect of extrinsic and intrinsic parameters on inulinase production by Aspergillus niger ATCC 20611. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 2012. 15(4): p. 5-5.
Roopashri, A.N. and M.C. Varadaraj, Soy whey based medium for optimized phytase activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC 5421 and α-D-galactosidase and antibacterial activities in Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 5422 by response surface methodology. Journal of food science and technology, 2014. 51(3): p. 519-526.
Coghetto, C.C., et al., Lactobacillus plantarum BL011 cultivation in industrial isolated soybean protein acid residue. brazilian journal of microbiology, 2016. 47(4): p. 941-948.
Benedini, L.J. and M.H.A. Santana, Effects of soy peptone on the inoculum preparation of Streptococcus zooepidemicus for production of hyaluronic acid. Bioresource technology, 2013. 130: p. 798-800.
Li, D., et al., The influence of fermentation condition on production and molecular mass of EPS produced by Streptococcus thermophilus 05-34 in milk-based medium. Food chemistry, 2016. 197: p. 367-372.
Hammami, A., et al., Low-cost culture medium for the production of proteases by Bacillus mojavensis SA and their potential use for the preparation of antioxidant protein hydrolysate from meat sausage by-products. Annals of microbiology, 2018. 68(8): p. 473-484.
Heenan, C., et al., Growth medium for culturing probiotic bacteria for applications in vegetarian food products. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 2002. 35(2): p. 171-176.
Saha, B.C., A low-cost medium for mannitol production by Lactobacillus intermedius NRRL B-3693. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2006. 72(4): p. 676-680.
Phong, W.N., et al., Mild cell disruption methods for bio-functional proteins recovery from microalgae—Recent developments and future perspectives. Algal research, 2018. 31: p. 506-516.
Bystryak, S., R. Santockyte, and A.S. Peshkovsky, Cell disruption of S. cerevisiae by scalable high-intensity ultrasound. Biochemical engineering journal, 2015. 99: p. 99-106.
Pchelintsev, N.A., P.D. Adams, and D.M. Nelson, Critical parameters for efficient sonication and improved chromatin immunoprecipitation of high molecular weight proteins. PloS one, 2016. 11(1): p. e0148023.
Wohlkönig, A., et al., Structural relationships in the lysozyme superfamily: significant evidence for glycoside hydrolase signature motifs. PloS one, 2010. 5(11): p. e15388.
Food, E.P.o.F.A.a.N.S.a.t., et al., Safety of nisin (E 234) as a food additive in the light of new toxicological data and the proposed extension of use. EFSA Journal, 2017. 15(12): p. e05063.
Papadelli, M., et al., Characterization of the gene cluster involved in the biosynthesis of macedocin, the lantibiotic produced by Streptococcus macedonicus. FEMS microbiology letters, 2007. 272(1): p. 75-82.
Tagg, J. and L. Wannamaker, Genetic basis of streptococcin A-FF22 production. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 1976. 10(2): p. 299-306.
Papadimitriou, K., et al., Complete genome sequence of the dairy isolate Streptococcus macedonicus ACA-DC 198. 2012, Am Soc Microbiol.
Kabuki, T., et al., Gene cluster for biosynthesis of thermophilin 1277–a lantibiotic produced by Streptococcus thermophilus SBT1277, and heterologous expression of TepI, a novel immunity peptide. Journal of applied microbiology, 2011. 110(3): p. 641-649.
Liu, G., et al., Characteristics of the bovicin HJ50 gene cluster in Streptococcus bovis HJ50. Microbiology, 2009. 155(2): p. 584-593.
Dufour, A., et al., The biology of lantibiotics from the lacticin 481 group is coming of age. FEMS microbiology reviews, 2007. 31(2): p. 134-167.
Tagg, J.R., et al., Group A streptococcal bacteriocin: production, purification, and mode of action. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 1973. 138(5): p. 1168-1183.
Kober, M.-M. and W.P. Bowe, The effect of probiotics on immune regulation, acne, and photoaging. International journal of women's dermatology, 2015. 1(2): p. 85-89.
Argenta, A., et al., Local application of probiotic bacteria prophylaxes against sepsis and death resulting from burn wound infection. PloS one, 2016. 11(10): p. e0165294.
Aguilar-Toalá, J., et al., Postbiotics: An evolving term within the functional foods field. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2018
Copyright (c) 2021 Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
