* Corresponding Author
DYNAMICS OF ADAT LAW COMMUNITY RECOGNITION: STRUGGLE TO STRENGTHEN LEGAL CAPACITY
https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.34032 Sartika Intaning Pradhani(1*)
(1) Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Abstract
The existence of adat law community has been recognized since Dutch Colonial Era until today. State recognitions towards adat law community are dynamics. This paper is written based on legal normative research to describe dynamics of adat law community recognition. In the early of Indonesia independent, adat law community was considered as foundation of Indonesia nation state establishment. Since 1957 and during New Order era, there was systematic effort to abolish adat law communities because adat law was perceived as symbol of backwardness. After the amendment of the Constitution, adat law community and their traditional rights are recognized by law and enforced through court decision. Adat law community can determine their type of recognition to strengthen their legal capacity to manage Adat Forest; to organize Adat Village; or to hold communal land rights.
IntisariEksistensi masyarakat hukum adat telah diakui sejak zaman Pemerintahan Kolonial Belanda hingga hari ini. Pengakuan negara terhadap masyarakat hukum adat bersifat dinamis. Tulisan ini ditulis berdasarkan penelitian hukum normatif untuk mendeskripsikan dinamika pengakuan masyarakat hukum adat. Pada awal kemerdekaan Indonesia, masyarakat hukum adat merupakan dasar terbentuknya negara bangsa Indonesia. Sejak tahun 1957 dan selama periode Order Baru, ada upaya sistematis untuk menghapuskan masyarakat hukum adat karena hukum adat dianggap sebagai simbol keterbelakangan. Pasca amandemen konstitusi, masyarakat hukum adat dan hak tradisionalnya diakui melalui hukum dan ditegakkan oleh pengadilan. Masyarakat hukum adat dapat menentukan jenis pengakuan yang dapat menguatkan kapasitas hukum mereka dalam mengelola hutan adat; mengorganisasi Desa Adat; atau dalam menyandang hak komunal atas tanah.
Abstract
Abstract
The existence of adat law community has been recognized since Dutch Colonial Era until today. State recognitions towards adat law community are dynamics. This paper is written based on legal normative research to describe dynamics of adat law community recognition. In the early of Indonesia independent, adat law community was considered as foundation of Indonesia nation state establishment. Since 1957 and during New Order era, there was systematic effort to abolish adat lawcommunities because adat law was perceived as symbol of backwardness. After the amendment of the Constitution, adat law community and their traditional rights are recognized by law and enforced through court decision. Adat law community can determine their type of recognition to strengthen their legal capacity to manage Adat Forest; to organize Adat Village; or to hold communal land rights.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Books Daes, Erica Irene A., 2004, Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Indigenous Peoples: Indigenous Peoples’ Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources, Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Right, Economic, and Social Council, United Nation. Dimyati, Khudzaifah, 2010, Teorisasi Hukum Studi tentang Perkembangan Pemikiran Hukum di Indonesia 1945-1990, 10th Edition, Genta Publishing, Yogyakarta. Erni, Christian (Ed.)., 2008, the Concept of Indigenous Peoples in Asia A Resource Book, International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA) and Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact Foundation, Copenhagen and Chiang Mai. Haar, Ter, 1960, Asas-Asas dan Susunan Hukum Adat, (Translated by Soebekti Poesponoto), Pradnja Paramita, Jakarta. Hammar, Roberth Kurniawan Rusiak, 2017, Penataan Ruang Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Implikasi Penataan Ruang terhadap Hak Ulayat Masyarakat Hukum Adat, Calpulis, Yogyakarta. Kusuma, A.B., 2004, Lahirnya Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, Badan Penerbit Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia, Depok. Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia, 2010, Naskah Komprehensif Perubahan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 Latar Belakang, Proses, dan Hasil Pembahasan 1999-2002 Buku IV Kekuasaan Pemerintahan Negara Jilid 2, 2nd Edition, Sekretariat Jenderal dan Kepaniteraan Mahkamah Konstitusi, Central Jakarta. Maschab, Mashuri, 2013, Politik Pemerintahan Desa di Indonesia, Polgov, Yogyakarta. Peluso, Nancy, 1992, Rich Forest, Poor People: Resource Control and Resistance in Java, Berkeley University of California Press, Berkeley. Soemardjono, Maria S.W., 1982, Puspita Selangkung: Aneka Masalah Hukum Agraria, Andi Offset, Yogyakarta. Soepomo, 2000, Bab-Bab tentang Hukum Adat, 15th Edition, Pradnya Paramita, Jakarta. Sumardjono, Maria S.W., 2005, Kebijakan Pertanahan antara Regulasi dan Implementasi, Kompas, Jakarta. Warto, 1990, Desa Hutan dalam Perubahan: Eksploitasi Kolonial terhadap Sumberdaya Lokal di Karesidenan Rembang 1865-1990, Ombak, Yogyakarta. Article and Report Mukherjee, Utsav, 2008, A Study of the Basmati Case (India-US Basmati Rice Dispute): The Geographical Indication Perspective, article, access from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1143209 on 06 February, 2018. Putro, Widodo Dwi, “Peta Mahzab Hukum dan Metode Penelitiannya”, article, delivered at Legal Research Intermediate in Faculty of Law, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia on 2nd-4th October, 2017. Sasmitha, Tody, “Masyarakat Hukum Adat: Persekutuan Hukum (Rechsgemeenschappen) atau Subjek Hukum, article, deliverd in Simposium Nasional Masyarakat Adat II in Universitas Pancasila, at 16th-17th May 2016, conducted by cooperation between Epistema Institute, Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara (AMAN), HuMa Association, Djojodigoeno Adat Study Center Universitas Gadjah Mada, Human Right National Commission, Faculty of Law Universitas Pancasila, and Network of Participative Mapping and Adat Territory Registration Agency. Sasmitha, Tody, et.al., Pemaknaan Hak Menguasai Negara oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi (Kajian terhadap Putusan MK No. 35/PUU-X/2012; Putusan MK No.50/PUU-X/2012; dan Putusan MK No. 3/PUU-VIII/2010), research report, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional, Sleman. Legal Sources United Nations Declaration on the Right of Indigenous Peoples. International Labor Organization Recommendation concerning the Protection and Integration of Indigenous and Other Tribal and Semi-Tribal Populations in Independent Countries Number 104. International Labor Organization Convention concerning the Protection and Integration of Indigenous and Other Tribal and Semi Tribal Populations in Independent Countries Number 107. International Labor Organization Convention concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries Number 169. Trade related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement. The 1945 Constitution, The first Republic of Indonesia Constitution. The 1945 Republic of Indonesia Constitution. Law Number 22 of 1948 regarding Stipulation of Basic Self Governing Law in Regions which Have Right to Regulate and to Administer Their Own Affair. Law Number 1 of 1957 regarding Basic Regional Government (State Gazette of the Republic Indonesia of Indonesia Year 1957 Number 6, Supplement of State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1143). Law Number 18 of 1965 regarding Basic Regional Government (State Gazette of the Republic Indonesia of Indonesia Year 1965 Number 80, Supplement of State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2777). Law Number 19 of 1965 regarding Desapraja as Transition Form to Accelerate the Establishment of Third Level Region in All Republic of Indonesia Territory (State Gazette of the Republic Indonesia of Indonesia Year 1965 Number 84, Supplement of State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2779). Law Number 5 of 1967 regarding Basic Forestry (State Gazette of the Republic Indonesia of Indonesia Year 1967 Number 8, Supplement of State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2823). Law Number 5 of 1974 regarding Basic Government in Region (State Gazette of the Republic Indonesia of Indonesia Year 1974 Number 38, Supplement of State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3037). Law Number 5 of 1979 regarding Village Government (State Gazette of the Republic Indonesia of Indonesia Year 1999 Number 167, Supplement of State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3888). Law Number 41 of 1999 regarding Forestry (State Gazette of the Republic Indonesia of Indonesia Year 1999 Number 167, Supplement of State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3888). Law Number 27 of 2007 regarding Costal and Small Islands Management (State Gazette of the Republic Indonesia of Indonesia Year 2007 Number 84, Supplement of State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4739). Law Number 12 of 2011 regarding Formulation of Law and Regulation (State Gazette of the Republic Indonesia of Indonesia Year 2011 Number 82, Supplement of State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5234). Constitutional Court Decision Number 3/PUU-VIII/2010. Constitutional Court Decision Number 001/PUU-I/2013. Constitutional Court Decision Number 021/PUU-I/2013. Constitutional Court Decision Number 022/PUU-I/2013. Constitutional Court through Decision Number 35/PUU-X/2012. Minister of Home Affair issued Regulation Number 52 of 2014 regarding Adat Law Community Recognition and Protection Guideline. Minister of Environment and Forestry issued Regulation Number P.32/Menlhk-Setjen/2015 regarding Forest with Title. Minister of Environment and Forestry issued Decision Number SK.6746/MENLHK-PSKL/KUM.1/12/2016 regarding Stipulation of ±313,99 (Three hundred Thirteen and Ninety Nine Per Hundred) Hectares Ammatoa Kajang Adat Forest in Kajang District, Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Minister of Environment and Forestry issued Decision Number SK.6748/MENLHK-PSKL/KUM.1/12/2016 regarding Stipulation of ±462 (Four Hundred and Sixty Two) Hectares Kasepuhan Karang Adat Forest in Jagaraksa Village, Muncang District, Lebak Regency, Banten Province. Minister of Forestry and Environment issues Decision Number SK.6745/MENLHK-PSKL/KUM.1/12/2016 regarding Stipulation of ± 24 (Twenty Four) Hectares Marga Serampas Adat Forest in Rantau Kermas Village, Jangkat District, Merangin Regency, Jambi Province. Lebak Regency Regional Regulation Number 8 of 2015 regarding Recognition, Protection, and Empowerment of Kasepuhan Adat Law Community (Lebak Regency Regional Gazette Number 8 of 2015, Supplement of Regional Gazette Number 20158). Bulukumba Regency Regional Regulation Number 9 of 2015 regarding Inauguration, Right Recognition, and Right Protection towards Ammatoa Kajang Adat Law Community (Bulukumba Regency Regional Gazette Number 9 of 2015, Supplement of Additional Regional Gazette Number 9). Merangin Regency Regional Regulation Number 8 of 2016 regarding Recognition and Protection of Marga Serampas Adat Law Community (Merangin Regency Regional Gazette Number 8 of 2016). Internet http://www.mongabay.co.id/2016/12/29/kado-manis-akhir-tahun-kali-pertama-pemerintah-tetapkan-hutan-adat/, accessed on 9th February 2018. http://www.mongabay.co.id/2017/01/18/akhirnya-masyarakat-pandumaan-sipituhuta-dapatkan-hutan-adat-mereka/, accessed on 10th February, 2018.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.34032
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 3703
| 
views : 4609
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2019 Sartika Intaning Pradhani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
