Division of Social Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr.
Sardjito General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah
Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Pakartian Ayu Sugmana Department of Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta Indonesia
Riantina Rizky Amalia Department of Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
Laksmi Ika Hidayati Department of Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(1) Division of Social Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr.
Sardjito General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah
Mada, Yogyakarta, (2) Department of Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta (3) Department of Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta (4) Department of Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta (5) Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta (*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Average fetal weight gain (AWG) is one of the important parameters usuallyused as an indicator to identify the fetal risk of poor outcomes of intrauterinegrowth restriction (IUGR) or macrosomia. This study aimed to investigate theassociation between AWG and maternal factors such as body weight (BW), bodymass index (BMI), middle-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and economicstatus in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This community-based cross-sectional studywas conducted in one district in the Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia.The study included 50 mother-infant pairs who delivered at term (37-42 weeksof pregnancy). The mother’s BW, height, BMI, and MUAC were recorded usinga case-report form. Questionnaires were also completed to establish therespondents’ economic status. Maternal factors associated with fetal birthweight were determined using univariate and multivariate analyses. Themothers registered in our study mostly had good nutritional status (74.0% hadan optimal MUAC > 23cm). The mean AWG and birth weights were 172.6 ±24.5g/wk and 3.08 ± 0.34kg, respectively. Univariable analysis models wereused to assess the associations between each variable and AWG (with a cut-offvalue of 153.8 g/wk). Our study found no associations between higher MUACand higher AWG (OR=1.03; 95% CI: 0.83-1.27; p=0.77) and energy intakes perday with AWG (OR=1.0; 95% CI: 1.00-1.001; p=0.21). Socioeconomic factors suchas the mother’s educational background also showed no association with AWG(OR=0.38; 95% CI: 0.92-1.57; p=0.18). In conclusion, this finding shows that thereis no association between variables such as MUAC, mother’s age, energy intake,and educational background with the average fetal weight gain achieved.
Keywords
average fetal weight gain; middle-upper arm circumference; socioeconomic factors; low birth weight; intra uterine growth restriction
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https://doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005404202208 
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