Literature review of conjunctivitis, conjunctival swab and chloroquine effect in the eyes: a current updates on COVID-19 and ophthalmology

Indra Tri Mahayana; Natalia Christina Angsana; Alya Kamila; Nisrina Nur Fatiha; Devin Zen Sunjaya; Winanto Andajana; Suhardjo Suhardjo

doi:10.19106/JMedSciSI005203202003

Literature review of conjunctivitis, conjunctival swab and chloroquine effect in the eyes: a current updates on COVID-19 and ophthalmology

https://doi.org/10.19106/JMedSciSI005203202003

Indra Tri Mahayana^(1*), Natalia Christina Angsana⁽²⁾, Alya Kamila⁽³⁾, Nisrina Nur Fatiha⁽⁴⁾, Devin Zen Sunjaya⁽⁵⁾, Winanto Andajana⁽⁶⁾, Suhardjo Suhardjo⁽⁷⁾

(1) Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(2) Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(3) Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(4) Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(5) Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(6) Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(7) Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

This overview briefly describes current literature findings in ophthalmology related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that become a worldwide pandemic. It included the current updates related to conjunctivitis that believed as the early sign of COVID-19, the effectiveness of conjunctival swab in detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) compared to naso- or oropharyngeal swab and the long-term side effect of chloroquine use to the eyes. The analysis from four current published literatures revealed, overall sensitivity of conjunctivitis was 2.42% (CI 95%: 0.79-5.55) and conjunctival swab was 2.90% (CI 95%: 1.07-6.20). There were no current COVID-19-related literatures discussing the side effect of chloroquine to the eyes, however, previous literatures revealed there were potential long-term harmful effects of chloroquine treatment to the eyes.

Keywords

conjunctiva; coronavirus; COVID-19; ocular; chloroquine;

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References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.19106/JMedSciSI005203202003

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Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) by Universitas Gadjah Mada is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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