Calophyllum inophyllum: A Comprehensive Analysis of its Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Properties
Sofa Farida(1), Riris Istighfari Jenie(2), Nanang Fakhrudin(3*)
(1) *) Master of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta *) Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient and Traditional Medicine, National Agency of Research and Innovation, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java
(2) *) Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta *) Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman 55281
(3) *) Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta *) Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) is reported to have ethnomedicinal benefits in traditional medicine systems. Leaves, fruit, seeds, flowers, stems, roots and essential oils are the parts that are often used. Previous scientific studies revealed that this plant part is a valuable resource of secondary metabolites and exhibits a wide range of biological activities. The purpose of this review is to deliver thorough and detailed insights into the traditional uses, chemical ingredients, biology, and pharmacological studies as scientific evidence about the useful efficacy of C. inophyllum in the development of modern medicine. Traditional use shows C. inophyllum is widely used to treat skin diseases, wounds, boils, vaginal discharge, bleeding, gonorrhea, chronic bronchitis, sore eyes, heatstroke, and headaches. C. inophyllum is rich in phenols, polyphenols, flavonoids, xanthones, coumarins, and terpenoids. Several research results show that C. inophyllum possesses a multitude of pharmacological properties including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiplatelet, antiviral, and antidiabetic activities.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abbas, J., Minarti, M., & Artanti, N. (2021). Antioxidant and antidiabetes activity from the fruit shell. 11–16.
Ahmad, N., Lesa, K. N., Sudarmanto, A., Fakhrudin, N., & Ikawati, Z. (2022). The role of Phosphodiesterase-1 and its natural product inhibitors in Alzheimer’s disease: A review. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13(December), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.1070677
Ali, M. S., Mahmud, S., Perveen, S., Ahmad, V. U., & Rizwani, G. H. (1999). Epimers from the leaves of Calophyllum inophyllum. Phytochemistry, 50(8), 1385–1389. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00480-4
Aminudin, N. I., Ahmad, F., Taher, M., & Zulkifli, R. M. (2016). Incrassamarin A–D: Four new 4-substituted coumarins from Calophyllum incrassatum and their biological activities. Phytochemistry Letters, 16(January 2018), 287–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2016.05.008
Arora, R. B., Mathur, C. N., & Seth, S. D. S. (1962). Calophyllolide, a complex coumarin anticoagulant from Calophyllum inophyllum Linn. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 14(1), 534–535. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1962.tb11133.x
Artanti, A. N., Rahmawati, K. N., Rakhmawati, R., & Prihapsara, F. (2020). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Antijamur Dari Kombinasi Minyak Nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum L .) Dengan Virgin Coconut Oil Dan Pengembangannya Sebagai Face Antibacterial Activities and Anti-Fungus From Combination Of Tamanu Oil (Calophyllum Inophyll. Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia, 17(02), 94–106.
Atabani, A. E., & César, A. D. S. (2014). Calophyllum inophyllum L. - A prospective non-edible biodiesel feedstock. Study of biodiesel production, properties, fatty acid composition, blending and engine performance. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 37, 644–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.05.037
Baig, mirza danish, Basheeruddin, S., Silpa, S. A., & Reddy, vVenkateshwara a. (2014). Anti-inflammatory Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Leaf and Stem Barknof Calophyllum inophyllum on Albino Wistar Rats. Internationaljournal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, 6(2)(174–177), 174–177.
Bhat, S. G., Kane, J. G., & Sreenivasan, A. (1954). The in vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activity of undi oil (Calophyllum inophyllum Linn.). Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. American Pharmaceutical Association, 43(9), 543–546. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.3030430908
Budiarti, M., & Sholihah, I. Y. M. (2018). Laporan Penelitian Pengembangan Bahan Baku Obat Antimalaria dan Antikanker berdasarkan Hasil Ristoja. In Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Jakarta.
Canter, P. H., Thomas, H., & Ernst, E. (2005). Bringing medicinal plants into cultivation: Opportunities and challenges for biotechnology. Trends in Biotechnology, 23(4), 180–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2005.02.002
Cassien, M., Mercier, A., Thétiot-laurent, S., Culcasi, M., Ricquebourg, E., Asteian, A., Herbette, G., Bianchini, J., Raharivelomanana, P., Pietri, S., Cassien, M., Mercier, A., Thétiot-laurent, S., Culcasi, M., Ricquebourg, E., Cassien, M., Mercier, A., Th, S., Culcasi, M., & Ricquebourg, E. (2021). Improving the Antioxidant Properties of Calophyllum inophyllum Seed Oil from French Polynesia : Development and Biological Applications of Resinous Ethanol-Soluble Extracts To cite this version : HAL Id : hal-03130041 Improving the Antioxidant Properties . 0–23.
Chan, K. M., Hamzah, R., Rahaman, A. A., Jong, V. Y. M., Khong, H. Y., Rajab, N. F., Ee, G. C. L., & Inayat-Hussain, S. H. (2012). The pyranoxanthone inophyllin A induces oxidative stress mediated-apoptosis in Jurkat T lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(8), 2916–2922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.04.048
Charinrat, S., Jasadee, K., Nattawut, L., & Arpa, P. (2021). Antioxidant in cosmeceutical products containing Calophyllum inophyllum oil. 1–9.
Dai, H. F., Zeng, Y. B., Xiao, Q., Han, Z., Zhao, Y. X., & Mei, W. L. (2010). Caloxanthones O and P: Two new prenylated xanthones from calophyllum inophyllum. Molecules, 15(2), 606–612. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15020606
Dorla, E., Grondin, I., Hue, T., Clerc, P., Dumas, S., Gauvin-Bialecki, A., & Laurent, P. (2019). Traditional uses, antimicrobial and acaricidal activities of 20 plants selected among Reunion Island’s flora. South African Journal of Botany, 122, 447–456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.04.014
Dutta, S., & Ray, S. (2014). Evaluation of antioxidant potentials of leaf aqueous and methanolic extracts of Calophyllum inophyllum in relation to total phenol and flavonoid contents. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 5(3), 96915111.
Dweck, C., & Meadows, T. (2002). Tamanu (Calophyllum inophyllum) – the African, Asian, Polynesian and Pacific Panacea. Int J Cosmet Sci, 24(6), 341–348.
Ee, G. C. L., Mah, S. H., Rahmani, M., Taufiq-Yap, Y. H., Teh, S. S., & Lim, Y. M. (2011). A new furanoxanthone from the stem bark of Calophyllum inophyllum. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, 13(10), 956–960. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2011.600248
Erdemir, A. (2021). Anti-proliferative and apoptosis inducing activity of Calophyllum inophyllum L . oil extracts on C6 glioma cell line. 30(1), 1–6.
Faisal, A. P., Nasution, P. R., Wakidi, R. F., & Medan, P. K. (2022). Aktivitas Antioksidan dari Daun Bintangur (Calophyllum Inophyllum L.) Terhadap Radikal Bebas DPPH. Antioxidant Activity Of Bintangur Leaves (Calophyllum Inophyllum L .) Against DPPH Free Radical, 1 , 1. 4(1).
Fathani, I. J., & Miladiyah, I. (2021). Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Medicine and Health, 12(2), 166–174. https://doi.org/10.20885/JKKI.Vol12.Iss2art10
Gopalakrishnan, C., Shankaranarayanan, D., & Nazimudeen, S. K. (1980). Anti-inflammatory and C.N.S. depressant activities of xanthones from Calophyllum inophyllum and Mesua ferrea. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 12(3), 181–191.
Gupta, S., & Gupta, P. (2020). The genus Calophyllum: Review of ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Bioactive Natural Products in Drug Discovery, 215–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1394-7_5
Hamim, Romadlon, Z., & Dorly. (2019). Perkembangan Morfo-anatomi Bunga , Buah , dan Biji Nyamplung ( Calophyllum inophyllum L ), Sebagai Tanaman Penghasil Biodisel Morpho-Anatomy Development of Flower , Fruit and Seed of Nyamplung ( Calophyllum inophyllum L ) as Biodiesel-Producing. Jurnal Sumberdaya HAYATI, 5(1), 1–10.
Hasibuan, S., Sahirman, & Yudawati, N. M. A. (2013). Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Antibakteri Hasil Purifikasi Minyak Biji Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.). AGRITECH, 33(3), 311–319.
Heinrich, M., & Gibbons, S. (2010). Ethnopharmacology in drug discovery: an analysis of its role and potential contribution. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 53(4), 425–432. https://doi.org/10.1211/0022357011775712
Herlyanti, K., Fakhrudin, N., Murwanti, R., & Wahyono, A. (2023). Identification of Cubebin from Cubeb (Piper cubeba) as An Antiplatelet Agent. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 7(7), 3392–3397. https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i7.17
Heyne, K. (1950). Tumbuhan Berguna Indonesia. Diterjemahkan oleh Badan Litbang Kehutanan Jilid III Cetakan ke `1, 1987. https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.201300446
Hsieh, C., Lin, Y. W., Chen, C. H., Ku, W., Ma, F., Yu, H., & Chu, C. (2018). Yellow and green pigments from Calophyllum inophyllum L. seed oil induce cell death in colon and lung cancer cells. Oncology Letters, 15(4), 5915–5923. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8052
Iinuma, M., Tosa, H., Tanaka, T., & Yonemori, S. (1995). Two xanthones from roots of Calophyllum inophyllum. Phytochemistry, 38(3), 725–728. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00733-A
Itoigawa, M., Ito, C., Tan, H. T. W., Kuchide, M., Tokuda, H., Nishino, H., & Furukawa, H. (2001). Cancer chemopreventive agents, 4-phenylcoumarins from Calophyllum inophyllum. Cancer Letters, 169(1), 15–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3835(01)00521-3
Jaiswal, N., Gunaganti, N., Maurya, C. K., Narender, T., & Tamrakar, A. K. (2015). Free fatty acid induced impairment of insulin signaling is prevented by the diastereomeric mixture of calophyllic acid and isocalophyllic acid in skeletal muscle cells. European Journal of Pharmacology, 746(January), 70–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.049
Jantan, I., Mohd Yasin, Y. H., Jalil, J., Murad, S., & Idris, M. S. (2009). Antiplatelet aggregation activity of compounds isolated from Guttiferae species in human whole blood. Pharmaceutical Biology, 47(11), 1090–1095. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880200903008641
Kadir, R., Awang, K., Khamaruddin, Z., & Soit, Z. (2015). Chemical compositions and termiticidal activities of the heartwood from Calophyllum inophyllum L. Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 87(2), 743–751. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1764-0
Kartika, I. A., Cerny, M., & Vandenbossche, V. (2021). Optimisation of concurrent Calophyllum oil-resin extraction and separation. 2021(631), 84–91.
Khan, M. R., Kihara, M., & Omoloso, A. D. (2002). Antimicrobial activity of Calophyllum soulattri. Fitoterapia, 73(7–8), 741–743. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00242-3
Ku, W.-J., Lin, C.-J., & Lin, H. (2021). Protection Performance of Calophyllum inophyllum Seed Extracts : A Natural Ultraviolet Screening Agent. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X20985650
Laure, F., Raharivelomanana, P., Butaud, J. F., Bianchini, J. P., & Gaydou, E. M. (2008). Screening of anti-HIV-1 inophyllums by HPLC-DAD of Calophyllum inophyllum leaf extracts from French Polynesia Islands. Analytica Chimica Acta, 624(1), 147–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2008.06.046
Leksono, B., Sukartiningsih, Windyarini, E., Adinugraha, H. A., Artati, Y., Kwon, J., & Baral, H. (2021). Growth performance of Calophyllum inophyllum at a bioenergy trial plot in Bukit Soeharto Research and Education Forest , East Kalimantan. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 749 012059. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/749/1/012059
Lestari, N. W. D. I., Reslely, H., & Dewi, E. (2023). Activity Tests Of Sunscreen Emulgel Preparation of Tamanu Oil (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) Combined With Titanium Dioxide (TiO2). Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education (e-Journal), 3(2), 2775–3670. https://doi.org/10.37311/ijpe.v3i2.21225
Li, Y. Z., Li, Z. L., Yin, S. L., Shi, G., Liu, M. S., Jing, Y. K., & Hua, H. M. (2010). Triterpenoids from Calophyllum inophyllum and their growth inhibitory effects on human leukemia HL-60 cells. Fitoterapia, 81(6), 586–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2010.02.005
Li, Z. L., Li, Y., Qin, N. B., Li, D. H., Liu, Z. G., Liu, Q., & Hua, H. M. (2016). Four new coumarins from the leaves of Calophyllum inophyllum. Phytochemistry Letters, 16, 203–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2016.04.015
Mah, S. H., Ee, G. C. L., Teh, S. S., & Sukari, M. A. (2015). Antiproliferative xanthone derivatives from Calophyllum inophyllum and Calophyllum soulattri. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 28(2), 425–429.
Muderawan, I. W., Ketut, N., & Daiwataningsih, P. (2016). ( CALOPHYLLUM INOPHYLUM L . ) DAN ANALISIS METIL ESTERNYA DENGAN GC-MS.
Nguyen, V. L., Truong, C. T., Nguyen, B. C. Q., Van Vo, T. N., Dao, T. T., Nguyen, V. D., Thi Trinh, D. T., Huynh, H. K., & Bui, C. B. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities of calophyllolide isolated from Calophyllum inophyllum Linn. PLoS ONE, 12(10), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185674
Oku, H., Ueda, Y., Iinuma, M., & Ishiguro, K. (2005). Inhibitory effects of xanthones from Guttiferae plants on PAF-induced hypotension in mice. Planta Medica, 71(1), 90–92. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-837760
Patil, A. D., Freyer, A. J., Eggleston, D. S., Haltiwanger, R. C., Bean, M. F., Taylor, P. B., Caranfa, M. J., Breen, A. L., Bartus, H. R., Johnson, R. K., Hertzberg, R. P., & Westley, J. W. (1993). The Inophyllums, Novel Inhibitors of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Isolated from the Malaysian Tree, Calophyllum inophyllum Linn. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 36(26), 4131–4138. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00078a001
Perumal, S. S., Ekambaram, S. P., & Dhanam, T. (2017). In vivo antiarthritic activity of the ethanol extracts of stem bark and seeds of calophyllum inophyllum in freund’s complete adjuvant induced arthritis. Pharmaceutical Biology, 55(1), 1330–1336. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2016.1226346
Prabakaran, K., & Britto, S. J. (2012). Biology, Agroforestry and Medicinal Value of Calophyllum inophyllum L. (Clusiacaea): A Review. International Journal of Natural Products Research, 1(2), 24–33.
Pramiastuti, O., Wahyuono, S., Fakhrudin, N., & Astuti, P. (2023). Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activities of Curcuma purpurascens Blume, A Review. Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology, 8(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.75891
Prasad, J., Maurya, C. K., Pandey, J., Jaiswal, N., Madhur, G., Srivastava, A. K., Narender, T., & Tamrakar, A. K. (2013). Diastereomeric mixture of calophyllic acid and isocalophyllic acid stimulates glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells: Involvement of PI-3-Kinase- and ERK1/2-dependent pathways. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 370(1–2), 11–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2013.02.013
Prasad, J., Shrivastava, A., Khanna, A. K., Bhatia, G., Awasthi, S. K., & Narender, T. (2012). Antidyslipidemic and antioxidant activity of the constituents isolated from the leaves of Calophyllum inophyllum. Phytomedicine, 19(14), 1245–1249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2012.09.001
Pribowo, A., Girish, J., Gustiananda, M., Nandhira, R. G., & Hartrianti, P. (2021). Potential of Tamanu ( Calophyllum inophyllum ) Oil for Atopic Dermatitis Treatment. 2021.
Putra, I. M. W. A., Fakhrudin, N., Nurrochmad, A., & Wahyuono, S. (2023). A Review of Medicinal Plants with Renoprotective Activity in Diabetic Nephropathy Animal Models. Life, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020560
Raharivelomanana, P., Ansel, J. L., Lupo, E., Mijouin, L., Guillot, S., Butaud, J. F., Ho, R., Lecellier, G., & Pichon, C. (2018). Tamanu oil and skin active properties: From traditional to modern cosmetic uses. OCL - Oilseeds and Fats, Crops and Lipids, 25(5). https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2018048
Rana, R., Amin, N. I., Naser, A. A., & Islam, N. (2017). Screening of Calophyllum inophyllum L . leaf extracts for cytotoxic , larvicidal , insect repellent and antimicrobial activities. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(3), 612–616.
Safrina, U., & Murtini, G. (2021). Phytochemical Screening And Antioxidant Activity Of Nyamplung Seed Oils ( Calophyllum inophyllum L .) Jurusan Farmasi , Poltekkes Kemenkes Jakarta II , Kebayoran Baru , Jakarta Selatan , 12120 Submitted : 3 th August 2020 ; Accepted : 5 th January 2021 SK. 11(2), 256–268.
Said, T., Dutot, M., Martin, C., Beaudeux, J. L., Boucher, C., Enee, E., Baudouin, C., Warnet, J. M., & Rat, P. (2007). Cytoprotective effect against UV-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress: Role of new biological UV filter. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 30(3–4), 203–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2006.11.001
Saputra, T., Claratika, A., & Gunawan, S. (2014). Identifikasi kandungan Squalene dari Minyak Nyamplung (calophyllum inophyllum). Jurnal Teknik Pomits, 3(2), 151–153.
Saravanan, R., Dhachinamoorthi, D., Senthilkumar, K., Thamizhvanan, K., Saravanan, R., & Dhachinamoorthi, D. (2011). Antimicrobial activity of various extracts from various parts of Calophyllum inophyllum L . 01(03), 102–106.
Saxena, R. C., Nath, R., Palit, G., Nigam, S. K., & Bhargava, K. P. (1982). Effect of calophyllolide, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, on capillary permeability. Planta Medica, 44(4), 246–248. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-971459
Shanmugapriya, Chen, Y., Kanwar, J. R., & Sasidharan, S. (2017). Anticancer Activity and Molecular Mechanism of Polyphenol Rich Calophyllum inophyllum Fruit Extract in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Nutrition and Cancer, 69(8), 1308–1324. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2017.1367944
Shanmugrapriya, Chen, Y., Jothy, S. L., & Sasidharan, S. (2016). Research Journal of Pharmaceutical , Biological and Chemical Sciences Calophyllum inophyllum : A Medical Plant with Multiple Curative Values. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 7(4), 1446–1452.
Shen, Y. C., Hung, M. C., Wang, L. T., & Chen, C. Y. (2003). Inocalophyllins A, B and their methyl esters from the seeds of Calophyllum inophyllum. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 51(7), 802–806. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.51.802
Spino, C., Dodier, M., & Sotheeswaran, S. (1998). Anti-HIV coumarins from calophyllum seed oil. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 8(24), 3475–3478. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(98)00628-3
Subramanian, S. S., & Nair, A. G. R. (1971). Myricetin-7-glucoside from the andraecium of the flowers of Calophyllum inophyllum. Phytochemistry, 10(7), 1679–1680. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(71)85049-5
Sukara, E. (2005). Keanekaragaman Hayati (Emas Hijau) Alternatif Bagi Indonesia Keluar Dari Krisis Multidimensi. Berita Biologi, 7(6), vii–xx.
Sulianti, S. R. I. B., Kuncari, E. S. R. I., & Chairul, S. M. (2006). Pemeriksaan Farmakognosi dan Penapisan Fitokimia dari Daun dan Kulit Batang Calophyllum inophyllum dan Calophyllum soulatri Phytopharmaceuticals and phytochemicals evaluation on leaves and bark of. 7, 25–29. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d070108
Sundur, S., Shrivastava, B., Sharma, P., Raj, S. S., & Jayasekhar, V. L. (2014). A Review Article Of Pharmacological Activities And Biological Importance Of Calophyllum inophyllum. 2(12), 599–603.
Susanto, D. F., Aparamarta, H. W., Widjaja, A., Jadid, N., & Gunawan, S. (2019). Heliyon Isolation and identi fi cation of cholestane and dihydropyrene from Calophyllum inophyllum. Heliyon, 5(July), e02893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02893
Sutrisno, A. J., Diandasari, G., & Rahmandari, A. V. (2020). Kapasitas Pohon Nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum L .) dan Pohon Spathodea (Spathodea Campanulata) Dalam Menjerap Debu. Jurnal Planologi. 17(1),88–95. https://doi.org/10.30659/jpsa.v17i1.5197
Taylor, P. B., Culp, J. S., Debouck, C., Johnson, R. K., Patil, A. D., Woolf, D. J., Brooks, I., & Hertzberg, R. P. (1994). Kinetic and mutational analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibition by inophyllums, a novel class of non- nucleoside inhibitors. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 269(9), 6325–6331.https://doi.org/10.1016/s002
1-9258(17)37375-1
Tiaravista, A. G., Putri, L. W., Nurrochmad, A., Widyarini, S., & Fakhrudin, N. (2023). Evaluation of the Antithrombotic Activity of Acmella oleracea L . Flower Ethanol Extract. https://doi.org/10.18196/jfaps.v4i1.19055
Tsai, S. C., Liang, Y. H., Chiang, J. H., Liu, F. C., Lin, W. H., Chang, S. J., Lin, W. Y., Wu, C. H., & Weng, J. R. (2012). Anti-inflammatory effects of Calophyllum inophyllum L. in RAW264.7 cells. Oncology Reports, 28(3), 1096–1102. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2012.1873
Udarno, L., & Tjahyana, B. E. (2019). MORFOLOGI DAN BUDIDAYA TANAMAN NYAMPLUNG ( Calophyllum inophyllum LINN ). In Bunga Rampai Tanaman Industri Potensial Biodesel dan Bioetanol (pp. 59–64). Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri.
Xiao, Q., Zeng, Y. B., Mei, W. L., Zhao, Y. X., Deng, Y. Y., & Dai, H. F. (2008). Cytotoxic prenylated xanthones from Calophyllum inophyllum. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, 10(10), 993–997. https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990802240387
Yimdjo, M. C., Azebaze, A. G., Nkengfack, A. E., Meyer, A. M., Bodo, B., & Fomum, Z. T. (2004). Antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents from Calophyllum inophyllum. Phytochemistry, 65(20), 2789–2795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.08.024
Yuniastuti, E., Anjani, I., Nandariyah, & Delfianti, M. N. I. (2021). Morphological characterization of Calophyllum Inophyllum as a biodiesel Morphological characterization of Calophyllum Inophyllum as a biodiesel. The 5th International Conference on Climate Change 2020, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/724/1/012026
Zakaria, M. Bin, Ilham, Z., & Muhamad, N. A. (2014). Anti-inflammatory Activity of Calophyllum Inophyllum Fruits Extracts Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Calophyllum inophyllum Fruits Extracts. Procedia Chemistry, 13(December), 218–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2014.12.031.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.87488
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 1242 | views : 534Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Majalah Obat Tradisional
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Faculty of Pharmacy
Universitas Gadjah Mada