.png)
.png)
* Corresponding Author
Antibacterial Activity of Euphorbia tirucalli against Lactobacillus acidophilus: An In Vitro Study
https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.86604 Vania Christina Budiono Bang(1*), Rebriarina Hapsari(2), Ira Anggar Kusuma(3)
(1) Bachelor of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Jawa Tengah
(2) Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Jawa Tengah
(3) Dentistry Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Jawa Tengah
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Dental caries is a common oral disease that occurs due to excessive interaction between tooth structure, bacterial biofilm, and glucose. Lactobacillus acidophilus is the main cause of dentin dental caries, which can be prevented using anticaries agents. However, current anticaries agents may cause some side effects. Therefore, there is a need for natural anticaries agents with minimal side effects. Euphorbia tirucalli contains flavonoids, tannins, and saponins that contribute to its antibacterial activity. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of E. tirucalli against L. acidophilus bacterial growth. This was an in-vitro study with a post-test-only control group design, divided into three groups. The positive control group received 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate, the negative control group received aquadest, and the intervention groups received extracts with concentrations of 10 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL, 30 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL, and 100 mg/mL. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was examined post-treatment using the agar dilution method. The differences in colony growth were analyzed using Cramer's V and Fisher's Exact Test, with p<0.05 considered significant. E. tirucalli extracts showed antibacterial effects against L. acidophilus with a concentration of 40 mg/mL as the MIC. Extract groups with concentrations of 40 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL showed significant differences in L. acidophilus growth compared to the negative control group (p<0.001). The study concluded that E. tirucalli extract has antibacterial activity against the growth of L. acidophilus, with MIC of 40 mg/mL.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Agustina, W., Nurhamidah, & Handayani, D. (2017). Skrining fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidan beberapa fraksi dari kulit bantang jarak (Ricinus communis L.), Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Ilmu Kimia, 1(2), 117–122.
Brookes, Z. L. S., Bescos, R., Belfield, L. A., Ali, K., & Roberts, A. (2020). Current uses of chlorhexidine for management of oral disease: a narrative review, Journal of Dentistry (Vol. 103).
Chen, X., Daliri, E., Kim, N., Kim, J. R., Yoo, D., & Oh, D.-H. (2020). Microbial etiology and prevention of dental caries: exploiting natural products to inhibit cariogenic biofilms, Pathogens, 9(7), 569.
Cushnie, T. P. T., Cushnie, B., & Lamb, A. J. (2014). Alkaloids: an overview of their antibacterial, antibiotic-enhancing and antivirulence activities, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 44(5), 377–386).
de Lima, M. de F. R., Cavalcante, L. A., Costa, E. C. T. de A., de Veras, B. O., da Silva, M. V., Cavalcanti, L. N., & Araujo, R. M. (2021). Bioactivity flavonoids from roots of Euphorbia tirucalli L., Phytochemistry Letters, 41, 186–192.
Departemen Kesehatan RI. (2007). Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 381/MENKES/SK/III/2007 tentang Kebijakan Obat Tradisional Nasional. Departemen Kesehatan RI.
Farha, A. K., Yang, Q. Q., Kim, G., Li, H. Bin, Zhu, F., Liu, H. Y., Gan, R. Y., & Corke, H. (2020). Tannins as an alternative to antibiotics, Food Bioscience (Vol. 38).
Goldberg, M. (2016). Understanding dental caries: from pathogenesis to prevention and therapy, Understanding Dental Caries: From Pathogenesis to Prevention and Therapy.
Golus, J., Sawicki, R., Widelski, J., & Ginalska, G. (2016). The agar microdilution method – a new method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing for essential oils and plant extracts, Journal of Applied Microbiology, 121(5), 1291–1299.
Halimu, R. B., S.Sulistijowati, R., & Mile, L. (2017). Identifikasi kandungan tanin pada Sonneratia alba’, Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 5(4), 93–97.
Hendryani, R., Lutfi, M., & Hawa, L. C. (2015). Ekstraksi antioksidan daun sirih merah kering (Piper crotatum) dengan metode pra-perlakuan ultrasonic assisted extraction (kajian perbandingan jenis pelarut dan lama ekstraksi), Jurnal Bioproses Komoditas Tropis, 3(2), 33–38.
Holm-Pedersen, P., Walls, A., & Ship, J. (2015). Textbook of Geriatric Dentistry (third edition), John Willey & Sons Ltd.
Kaczmarek, B., 2020, Tannic acid with antiviral and antibacterial activity as a promising component of biomaterials-a minireview, Materials 13(14).
Khan, M. I., Ahhmed, A., Shin, J. H., Baek, J. S., Kim, M. Y., & Kim, J. D., 2018, Green tea seed isolated saponins exerts antibacterial effects against various strains of gram positive and gram negative bacteria, a comprehensive study in vitro and in vivo, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
Le, N. T. M., Cuong, D. X., Van Thinh, P., Minh, T. N., Manh, T. D., Duong, T. H., Minh, T. T. Le, & Oanh, V. T. T. (2021). Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity against Xanthomonas axonopodis of Euphorbia tirucalli extracts in Binh Thuan Province, Vietnam, Molecules, 26(4), 941.
Liao, M. H., Wang, X. R., Hsu, W. L., & Tzen, J. T. C., 2021, Pu’er tea rich in strictinin and catechins prevents biofilm formation of two cariogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, Journal of Dental Sciences, 16(4), 1331–1334.
Mali, P. Y. & Panchal, S. S. (2017). Euphorbia tirucalli L.: review on morphology, medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 7(7).
Manongko, P. S., Sangi, M. S., & Momuat, L. I. (2020). Uji Senyawa fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidan tanaman patah tulang (Euphorbia tirucalli L.), Jurnal MIPA, 9(2), 64.
Mohamad, S., 2017, The antibacterial properties of Euphorbia tirucalli stem extracts against dental caries-related bacteria, Medicine & Health, 12(1), 34–41.
Opoku-Temeng, C. & Sintim, H. O. (2016). Inhibition of cyclic diadenylate cyclase, DisA, by polyphenols. Scientific Reports, 6.
Pitts, N. B., Zero, D. T., Marsh, P. D., Ekstrand, K., Weintraub, J. A., Ramos-Gomez, F., Tagami, J., Twetman, S., Tsakos, G., & Ismail, A. (2017). Dental caries, Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 3.
Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskedas). (2018). Laporan Riskesdas 2018 Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018 (Vol. 53, Issue 9, pp. 154–165).
Samaranayake, L., 2018, Essential Microbiology for Dentistry, SpringerVerlag Berlin Heidelberg (Fifth Edit), Elsevier.
Sido Muncul. (2015). Delivering the vision-laporan tahunan PT. Sido Muncul. PT. Sido Muncul.
Singh Ahirwar, S., Gupta, M. K., Snehi, S. K., & Dadasaheb Kalmegh, S. (2019). Dental caries and Lactobacillus: role and ecology in the oral cavity. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 4818 IJPSR, 10(11), 4818–4829.
Sugumar, S., Gothandam, K. M., & Karthikeyan, S. (2010). Preliminary phytochemical and antibacterial investigations of Euphorbia tirucalli stem extracts. Pharmacology Online, 943, 937–943.
Weinstein, M. P. (2018). Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria that Grow Aerobically (11th ed.). Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
WHO. (2017). WHO | sugars and dental caries. WHO, 78(4), 1–4.
Widjiastuti, I., Agustin, D., & Saraswati, W. (2017). Lactobacillus acidophillus stimulates the activation of nfκ-β and dmp-1 odontoblast like cells in the dentinogenesis process, iMEDiTEC 1, 97–99.
Wijaya, W., Ridwan, R. D., and Budi, H. S. (2017). Antibacterial ability of arabica (Coffea arabica) and robusta (Coffea canephora) coffee extract on Lactobacillus acidophilus, Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi), 49(2), 99.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.86604
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 1760
| 
views : 1495
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Majalah Obat Tradisional
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Faculty of Pharmacy
Universitas Gadjah Mada