.png)
.png)
* Corresponding Author
Clinical Trial of Bawang Dayak Leaves Capsules (Eleutherine americana) in Active Smokers
https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.86496 Sri Wahdaningsih(1*), Eka Kartika Untari(2), Shoma Rizkifani(3)
(1) Department of Pharmacy, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, West Kalimantan
(2) Department of Pharmacy, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, West Kalimantan
(3) Department of Pharmacy, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, West Kalimantan
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Smoking is an unhealthy behavior, particularly for the respiratory system's health due to the free radicals found in cigarette smoke. Eleutherine americana or Bawang Dayak has antioxidant properties which can neutralize the harmful free radicals penetrating the body. Additionally, malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of the stress oxidative biomarkers often applied to identify reactive stress. This study was conducted to determine the effect of Malondialdehyde on active smokers who consumed Bawang Dayak Leaves capsules. This study was a pre and post-test design involving 30 smokers who met the inclusion. The participants consumed 1 capsule containing 400 mg Bawang Dayak leaves extract for 7 days. The subject's blood was taken before and after the consumption of the capsules for MDA examination. The results of this study were that the MDA level between before and after Bawang Dayak capsules consumed statistically significant. Moreover, MDA pre and post-test level respectively were 12.074 nmol/ml and 11.869 nmol/ml. The usage of Bawang Dayak leaves capsules for a week can reduce MDA levels and likely has an antioxidant potential for active smokers.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Al-Ansari, M. M., Al-Humaid, L., Aldawsari, M., Abid, I. F., Jhanani, G. K., & Shanmuganathan, R. (2023). Quercetin extraction from small onion skin (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum Don.) and its antioxidant activity. Environmental Research, 224, 115497.
Andi, F. (2014). Antioxidants and Antidiabetics Potency of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Bawang Dayak Bulbs (Eleutherine palmifolia) in vitro and in vivo (Doctoral dissertation, Tesis. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Indonesia).
Andiriyani, M. M., Untari, E. K., & Wahdaningsih, S. (2014). Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol daun bawang mekah (Eleutherine americana merr.) terhadap kadar malondialdehyde tikus wistar (rattus norvegicus) jantan pasca paparan asap rokok. Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia, 1(2), 43-50.
Ardiana, M. (2021). Telaah ilmiah dan patologi paparan asap rokok terhadap penyakit jantung. Airlangga University Press.
Caesario, B. (2019). Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol 95% Kulit Batang Bakau Minyak (Rhizophora Apiculata) terhadap Kadar MDA Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Galur Sprague Dawley yang Dipaparkan Asap Rokok. MEDULA, Medical Profession Journal of Lampung University, 9(1), 43-47.
Carreras-Torres, R., Johansson, M., Haycock, P. C., Relton, C. L., Smith, G. D., Brennan, P., & Martin, R. M. (2018). Role of obesity in smoking behaviour: Mendelian randomisation study in UK Biobank. bmj, 361.
Chang, S. A. (2012). Smoking and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes & Metabolism Journal, 36(6), 399.
Nwaokoro, J. C., Okorie, E. A., Chima, O. E., Sally, N. I., Amadi, A. N., Dozie, I. N. S., ... & Nwaokoro, A. A. (2014). Study on the Effect of Smoking on Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Federal Medical Center Owerri, Southeastern Nigeria. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 5(3), 63-71.
Dare, S., Mackay, D. F., & Pell, J. P. (2015). Relationship between Smoking and Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study of 499,504 Middle-Aged Adults in the Uk General Population. PloS one, 10(4), e0123579.
de Carvalho, F. O., Felipe, F. A., de Melo Costa, A. C. S., Teixeira, L. G. B., Silva, E. R., Nunes, P. S., ... & de Souza Araújo, A. A. (2016). Inflammatory Mediators and Oxidative Stress in Animals Subjected to Smoke Inhalation: A Systematic Review. Lung, 194, 487-499.
Dewi, S. K., Lokapirnasari, W. P., Meles, D. K., Mustofa, I., Mafruchati, M., & Hamid, I. S. (2019). Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Kulit Pisang Kepok (Musa acuminate) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Malondialdehid (MDA) Paru Mencit Jantan (Mus musculus) yang Dipapar Asap Rokok. Journal of Basic Medicine Veterinary, 8(2), 123-130.
Farahat, M., Abdallah, F., Abdel-Hamid, T., & Hernandez-Santana, A. (2016). Effect of Supplementing Broiler Chicken Diets with Green Tea Extract on the Growth Performance, Lipid Profile, Antioxidant Status, and Immune Response. British Poultry Science, 57(5), 714-722.
Febrinda, A. E., Yuliana, N. D., Ridwan, E., Wresdiyati, T., & Astawan, M. (2014). Hyperglycemic Control and Diabetes Complication Preventive Activities of Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia L. Merr.) Bulbs Extracts in Alloxan-Diabetic Rats. International Food Research Journal, 21(4).
Frijhoff, J., Winyard, P. G., Zarkovic, N., Davies, S. S., Stocker, R., Cheng, D., ... & Ghezzi, P. (2015). Clinical Relevance of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 23(14), 1144-1170.
Geetha, P., Kumar, B. L., Indra, U., & Sheetal, P. (2017). Role of Antioxidant and Myeloperoxidase Levels in 7, 12-Dimethylbenz [a] Anthracene Induced Experimental Rat Model: Evidence for Oxidativ Damage in Active Ulcerative Colitis. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, 9(3), 282-6.
Ieyama, T., Gunawan-Puteri, M. D., & Kawabata, J. (2011). α-Glucosidase inhibitors from the bulb of Eleutherine americana. Food chemistry, 128(2), 308-311.
Juan, C. A., Pérez de la Lastra, J. M., Plou, F. J., & Pérez-Lebeña, E. (2021). The Chemistry of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Revisited: Outlining their Role in Biological Macromolecules (DNA, Lipids and Proteins) and Induced Pathologies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(9), 4642.
Kamarudin, A. A., Sayuti, N. H., Saad, N., Razak, N. A. A., & Esa, N. M. (2021). Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. Bulb: Review of the Pharmacological Activities and its Prospects for Application. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(13), 6747.
Kaufman, A., Augustson, E. M., & Patrick, H. (2012). Unraveling the Relationship between Smoking and Weight: the Role of Sedentary Behavior. Journal of Obesity, 2012.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2013). http://www.litbang.depkes.go.id/sites/downloads/rkd2013/laporan_riskesdas2013.pdf
Khrisna, M. B., & Hendrianingtyas, M. (2016). Perbedaan Kadar Malondialdehida Pada Subyek Bukan Perokok, Perokok Ringan dan Sedang-Berat. Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro, 5(4), 1235-1242.
Lian, T.Y., & Dortheo, U., 2018, The Tobacco Control Atlas ASEAN Regions, Bangkok, Thailand, Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Alliance (SEATCA).
Pratiwi, D., Wahdaningsih, S., & Isnindar, 2013. ‘The Test of Antioxidant Activity From Bawang Mekah Leaves (Eleutherine Americana Merr.) Using DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl) Method’, Traditional Medical Journal, 18(1), pp. 9-16.
Prijanti A. R. et.al., 2018, ‘Analysis of Oxidative Stress Markers Malondialdehyde, Glutathione, Nitric Oxide, and Prorenin Level in Preeclampsia Placental Tissues’, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 11(1), pp. 158-161.
Rea, E., & Leung, T., 2018, ‘A Cluster of Tuberculosis Cases linked to Smoking: An Under-recognized Challenge For Tuberculosis Elimination’, Canada Communicable Disease Report, 44(3), pp. 86-90.
Rostami, H. A. A., et al., 2022, ‘Effect Of Spirulina On Lipid Profile, Glucose And Malondialdehyde Levels In Type 2 Diabetic Patients’, Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 58.
Saragih, B., Pasiakan, M. and Wahyudi, D., 2014, ‘Effect of herbal drink plants Tiwai (Eleutherine Americana Merr) on lipid profile of hypercholesterolemia patients’, International Food Research Journal, 21(3), pp.1163.
Setyawan, A. B., Sina, I., Harfiani, E., Dewi, N. U., & Supinganto, A., 2020, ‘Effect Of Tea Concocted From Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia) on Cholesterol Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Pretestposttest Control Group Design’, Systematic Review Pharmacy, 11(4), pp. 674-680.
Shi, P., et al., 2019, ‘Total Phenolic, Flavonoid
Content, And Antioxidant Activity of Bulbs, Leaves, And Flowers Made From Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb’, Wiley Food Science And Nutrition, 7, pp. 148-159.
Sirait, R.C., Tjahjono, K., & Setyawati, A. N.,2016, ‘Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Jintan Hitam (Nigella sativa) Terhadap Kadar MDA Serum Tikus Sprague dawley Setelah Diberikan Paparan Asap Rokok’, Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro, 5(4), pp. 1603-1612.
Triyono, A., Astana, W., Ardianto, D., & Novianto, F., 2021, ‘Studi Klinik Khasiat dan Keamanan Sediaan Tablet Ekstrak Dibanding Rebusan Ramuan Hiperurisemia’, Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, 19(1), pp. 139-146.
Vo, Q.V., et. al, 2018, ‘Density functional Theory Study of The Role Of Benzylic Hydrogen Atoms In The Antioxidant Properties of Ligans’, Scientific Reports, 8(1), pp. 1-10.
Wang, X., et al., 2021, ‘Role of Flavonoids in The Treatment of Iron Overload’, Frointers in Cell And Development Biology, 9.
Yilmaz M. I., et al., 2020, ‘The Effect of Corrected Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction on Fmd Levels in Patients With Selected Chronic Diseases: A Quasi-Experimental Study’, Scientific Reports, 10(1), pp. 1-10
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.86496
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 2151
| 
views : 1112
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Majalah Obat Tradisional
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Faculty of Pharmacy
Universitas Gadjah Mada