Prinsip-Prinsip Kemunculan Disiplin Ilmiah dalam Pemikiran Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) tentang Psikologi

https://doi.org/10.22146/jf.67737

Abdul Rokhmat Sairah(1*)

(1) Faculty of Philosophy Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Perkembangan ilmu merupakan sebuah keniscayaan yang ditandai melalui proses kelahiran disiplin ilmiah. Salah satu model kelahiran disiplin ilmiah adalah kemunculan psikologi yang ditandai oleh pendirian laboratorium oleh Wilhelm Wundt di Universitas Leipzig. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap prinsip-prinsip dalam kemunculan psikologi sebagai disiplin ilmiah. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan dengan menggunakan metode analisis kefilsafatan terhadap sejarah psikologi dan pemikiran Wilhelm Wundt tentang psikologi, serta teori-teori perkembangan ilmu dalam filsafat ilmu. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kemunculan psikologi sebagai disiplin ilmiah ditandai oleh beberapa prinsip yaitu: kebaruan, spesialisasi, kekhasan, heuristik, dan revolusioner.


Keywords


Sejarah Psikologi, Filsafat Ilmu, Wilhelm Wundt, Perkembangan Ilmu, Kemunculan Disiplin.

Full Text:

PDF


References

Araujo, D. S. (2015). Wundt and The Philosophical Foundations of Psychology: A Reappraisal. London: Springer.

Ben-David, J., & Collins, R. (1966). Social factors in the origins of a new science: the case of psychology, American Sociological Review, 31(4): 451–65.

Boring, E.G. (1950). A History of Experimental Psychology, 2nd ed. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

Bunn, G. C. (2017). Wilhelm Wundt and The Emergence of Scientific Psychology. Psychology Review, 22(3), pp.10-12.

Cohen, I. B. (1985). Revolution in Science. Harvard: Harvard University Press.

Danziger, K. (1980). Wundt's Psychological Experiment in The Light of His Philosophy of Science. Psychological Research, 42(1), pp.109-122.

Feigenbaum, E. A., & Feldman, J. (Eds.). (1963). Computers and Thought. McGraw-Hill Inc., New York.

Hastjarjo, T. D. (2009). Peran Laboratorium dalam Mempelajari Perilaku Manusia. Buletin Psikologi, 17(2).

Hilgard, E. R. (1987). Psychology in America: A Historical Survey. Orlando: Harcourt Brace Yovanovich Publisher.

Jahja, Y. (2011). Psikologi Perkembangan. Yogyakarta: Kencana.

Kim, Alan. (2016). "Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2016 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (Ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2016/entries/wilhelm-wundt/>.

Kitcher, P. (1990). Kant’s Transcendental Psychology. New York: Oxford.

Komarudin, K. (2016). Falsifikasi Karl Popper dan Kemungkinan Penerapannya dalam Keilmuan Islam. At-Taqaddum, 6(2), pp.444-465.

Kuhn, T. (1970). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Leahey, T. H. (2018). A History of Psychology: From Antiquity to Modernity. Routledge: Routledge University Press.

Mustansyir, R. (2007). Program Riset Ilmiah Imre Lakatos. Jurnal Filsafat, 17(3), pp.250-269.

Nickles, T. (2017). “Scientific Revolutions”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2017 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (Ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2017/entries/scientific-revolutions/>.

Niiniluoto, I. (2019). “Scientific Progress”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2019 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (Ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2019/entries/scientific-progress/>.

Nisbet, R. (1980). History of The Idea of Progress. London: Heinemann.

Reed, E. S. (1982). Descartes' Corporeal Ideas Hypothesis and The Origin of Scientific Psychology. The Review of Metaphysics, pp.731-752.

Rieber, R. (2013). Wilhelm Wundt and The Making of a Scientific Psychology. Springer Science & Business Media.

Robinson, D. N. (1995). An Intellectual History of Psychology. University of Wisconsin Press.

Sarton, G. (1936). The Study of the History of Science. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Schultz, D. P., & Sydney E.S. (2014). Sejarah Psikologi Modern. Terj: Lita Hardian. Bandung: Nusa Media.

Suppe, F. (Ed.) (1977). The Structure of Scientific Theories, 2nd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Thagard, P. (Ed.) (2007). Philosophy of Psychology and Cognitive Science. North-Holland.

Titchener, E. B. (1921). Wilhelm Wundt. The American Journal of Psychology, 32(2), 161-178.

Weiten, W. (2017). Psychology: Themes and Variations. Boston: Cengage Learning.

Wundt, W. (1894). “Über psychische Kausalität und das Prinzip des psychophysischen Parallelismus”, Philosophische Studien, Vol 10: 1–124.

------. (1904). Principles of Physiological Psychology, (trans.), diterjemahkan oleh E.B. Titchener dari Grundzüge der physiologischen Psychologie. London: Allen.

------. (1921). Logik (vol. 3) The 4th edition. Stuttgart: Enke.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jf.67737

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 15660 | views : 30814

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2021 Jurnal Filsafat

Jurnal Filsafat Indexed by:

Google ScholarSinta (Science and Technology Index)


Jurnal Filsafat ISSN 0853-1870 (print), ISSN 2528-6811 (online)