Issue

Vol 16 No 2 (2022): September

Date Log

Submitted
Jul 28, 2021
Accepted
Jul 18, 2022
Published
Sep 12, 2022
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Effect of Several Solvents on the Chemical Compound, Antioxidant Activity, and Cytotoxicity Levels of Acacia decurrens Willd. Gum Extract

https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.v16i2.2254
Ramadhany Ayu Purnama
Ramadhani1u@gmail.com
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Sigit Sunarta
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Hilda Ismail
Universitas Gadjah Mada

Corresponding Author(s) : Ramadhany Ayu Purnama

Ramadhani1u@gmail.com

Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan, Vol 16 No 2 (2022): September

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the chemical compounds in A. decurrens gum and its bioactivity potential. Extraction was carried out in multilevel with the reflux technique using n-hexane, ethanol, and water as solvents. The chemical compounds were identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The amount of A. decurrens gum extract yield, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total flavonols content (TVC) were then analyzed quantitatively. Furthermore, bioactivity in the form of antioxidant activity was analyzed with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) method, while the cytotoxicity level was assessed using the brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLT). The GC-MS analysis showed that the n-hexane-soluble fraction contained alkane, alkene, aldehyde, ester, and aromatics, while the ethanol-soluble fraction contained monosaccharide and fat group compounds. The water-soluble fraction contained only the monosaccharide group. The highest content value was obtained from the ethanol-soluble fraction, namely TPC, TFC, TVC, and antioxidant activity of 19.61±0.47 mgGA/g, 23.89±1.32 mgQE/g, 13.41±0.81 mgCE/g, and IC50: 3.842 g/mL, respectively. The cytotoxicity content obtained from each fraction sequentially was 0.47 ppm, 5.91 ppm, and 6.56 ppm for n-hexane, ethanol, and water, respectively. 

Keywords

multilevel extraction TPC TFC TVC bioactivity
Ayu Purnama, R., Sunarta, S., & Ismail, H. (2022). Effect of Several Solvents on the Chemical Compound, Antioxidant Activity, and Cytotoxicity Levels of Acacia decurrens Willd. Gum Extract. Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan, 16(2), 171-183. https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.v16i2.2254
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. Ahsan T, Chen J, Zhao X, Irfan M, Wu Y. 2017. Extraction and identification of bioactive compounds (eicosane and dibutyl phthalate) produced by Streptomyces strain KX852460 for the biological control of Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 strain KX852461 to control target spot disease in tobacco leaf. AMB Express 7. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
  2. American Chemical Society. 2019. Molecule of The Week Archive. Available from http://www.acs.org.
  3. Bamidele O, Nnana M, Imelda L, Sekomeng M. 2017. Acacia Decurrens (Wild) an Invasive South Africa Tree: Chemical Profile, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities. Organic & Medicinal Chemistry International Journal 3.
  4. Bollenbach M, Wagner P, Aquino PGV, Bourguignon JJ, Bihel F, Salomé C, Schmitt M. 2016. d-Glucose: An Efficient Reducing Agent for a Copper(II)-Mediated Arylation of Primary Amines in Water. ChemSusChem 9:3244–3249.
  5. Brighente IMC, Dias M, Verdi LG, Pizzolatti MG. 2007. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of some Brazilian species. Pharmaceutical Biology 45:156–161.
  6. Broadhurst RB, Jones WT. 1978. Analysis of condensed tannins using acidified vanillin. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 29:788–794.
  7. Brockelman WY. 1997. Bioprospecting in Thai Forests: Is It Worthwhile? Pure and Applied Chemistry:23–27.
  8. Do QD, Angkawijaya AE, Tran-Nguyen PL, Huynh LH, Soetaredjo FE, Ismadji S, Ju YH. 2014. Effect of extraction solvent on total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Limnophila aromatica. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis 22:296–302.
  9. Elnour AAM, Mirghani MES, Kabbashi NA, Alam MZ, Musa KH. 2018. Gum arabic: An optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of antioxidant activity. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Chemia 63:95–116.
  10. Fraser-Reid BO, Tatsuta K, Joachim T. 2008. Glycoscience, 2nd edition. Springer, New York.
  11. Gandjar IG, Rohman A. 2012. Analisis Obat secara Spektrofotometri dan Kromatografi. Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta.
  12. Gao H, Shupe TF, Hse CY, Eberhardt TL. 2006. Antioxidant activity of extracts from the bark of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murray) Parl. Holzforschung 60:459–462.
  13. Geethaa S, Thavamany PJ, Chiew SP, Thong OM. 2013. Interference from ordinarily used solvents in the outcomes of Artemia salina lethality test. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology and Research 4:179–182.
  14. Godara P, Dulara BK, Barwer N, Chaudhary NS. 2019. Comparative GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Phytochemicals from Different Plant Parts and Callus of Leptadenia reticulata Wight and Arn. Pharmacognosy Journal 11:129–140. Available from https://www.phcogj.com/article/789.
  15. Hamdani AM, Wani IA, Bhat NA, Masoodi FA. 2018. Chemical composition, total phenolic content, antioxidant and antinutritional characterisation of exudate gums. Food Bioscience 23:67–74. Elsevier Ltd. Available from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2018.03.006.
  16. Harborne JB. 1984. Phytochemical Methods : A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis. second ed., Chapman and Hall, New York, USA. Page Chapmer and Hall.
  17. Hartono HSO, Soetjipto H, Kristijanto AI. 2017. Extraction and Chemical Compounds Identification of Ref Rice Bran Oil Using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Method. Eksakta: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu MIPA:98–110.
  18. Ketaren S. 1986. Pengantar Teknologi Minyak dan Lemak Pangan. UI Press, Jakarta, Indonesia.
  19. Khatri D, Chhetri SBB. 2020. Reducing Sugar, Total Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Potential of Nepalese Plants. BioMed Research International 2020.
  20. Kroemer G, López-Otín C, Madeo F, de Cabo R. 2018. Carbotoxicity—Noxious Effects of Carbohydrates. Cell 175:605–614.
  21. Lukmandaru G, Gazidy AA. 2016. Bioaktivitas dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Batang Mahkota Dewa (The Bioactivity and Antioxidant Activity of Stem Extracts of Mahkota Dewa). Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu …:114–126. Available from http://www.ejournalmapeki.org/index.php/JITKT/article/view/225.
  22. Lyu SP, Untereker D. 2009. Degradability of polymers for implantable biomedical devices. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 10:4033–4065.
  23. Maiden JH. 1869. The Useful Native Plants of Australia (Including Tasmania).
  24. Mantell CL. 1949. The Water-Soluble Gums: Their Botany, Sources and Utilization. Economic Botany:3–31.
  25. Mirghani MES, Elnour AAM, Kabbashi NA, Alam MZ, Musa KH, Abdullah A. 2018. Determination of antioxidant activity of gum Arabic: An exudation from two different locations. ScienceAsia 44:179–186.
  26. Moldeveanu SC, David V. 2018. Derivatization Methods in GC and GC/MS.
  27. Nielsen IC. 1992. Mimosaceae (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae). Flora Malesiana Series I, Spermatophyta:1–226.
  28. Nussinovitch A. 2010. Plant Gum Exudates of The World. CRC Press.
  29. OECD. 1995. OECD. Available from https://hpvchemicals.oecd.org/UI/handler.axd?id=9e52ec6a-1202-4f92-be1b-4b52ee814407 (accessed June 24, 2021).
  30. Pachuau L, Lalhlenmawia H, Mazumder B. 2012. Characteristics and composition of Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth gum. Industrial Crops and Products 40:90–95. Elsevier B.V. Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.03.003.
  31. Pereira DM, Valentao P, Pereira JA, Andrade PB. 2009. Phenolics: From Chemistry to Biology. Molecules 14:2202–2211.
  32. Piljac-Žegarac J, Martinez S, Valek L, Stipčević T, Kovačević-Ganić K. 2007. Correlation between the phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity of selected Croatian wines. Acta Alimentaria 36:185–193.
  33. Ramadhan R, Mursyid H, Tyaningsih Adriyanti D, Triwanto J, Triwaskitho N. 2020. Pertumbuhan Jenis Invasif Acacia decurrens Willd. dan Pengaruh Naungannya Terhadap Tanaman Restorasi. Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology 8:71–78.
  34. Rhetso T, Shubharani R, Roopa MS, Sivaram V. 2020. Chemical constituents, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of Allium chinense G.Don. Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 6:1–9.
  35. Sari SR, Baehaki A, Lestari SD. 2013. Aktivitas Antioksidan Kompleks Kitosan Monosakarida. Fishtech 11:69–73.
  36. Schober P, Boer C, Schwarte LA. 2018. Correlation coefficients: Appropriate use and interpretation. Anesthesia and Analgesia 126:1763–1768.
  37. Singleton VL, Orthofer R, Lamuela-Raventos RM. 1999. [14] Analysis of Total Phenols and Other Oxidation Substrates and Antioxidants by Means of Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent. Methods in Enzymology 299:152–178.
  38. Sunardi. 2016. POPULASI DAN AUTEKOLOGI Acacia decurrens (WENDL.) WILD DI TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG MERAPI SUNARDI. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
  39. Suryanto P, Hamzah MZ, Mohamed A, Alias MA. 2010. The Dynamic Growth and Standing Stock of Acacia Decurrens Following the 2006 Eruption in Gunung Merapi National Park, Java, Indonesia. International Journal of Biology 2.
  40. Suryawan D, Sutyarto E, Umaya R, Asep K, Hadiyah Y. 2015. Sebaran invasive alien species Acacia decurrens pada kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi 1:738–742.
  41. Susantyo JM. 2011. Inventarisasi Keanekaragaman Jenis Tumbuhan di Kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
  42. Tewari A, Jindal VK. 2010. Studies on uronic acid materials and structure of Acacia decurrens gum polysaccharide. J. Chem. Pharm. Res 2:233–239. Available from www.jocpr.com.
  43. Tonisi S, Okaiyeto K, Hoppe H, Mabinya L V., Nwodo UU, Okoh AI. 2020. Chemical constituents, antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties of Leonotis leonurus used in the folklore management of neurological disorders in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. 3 Biotech 10:1–14.
  44. Vartiainen T, Gynther J. 1984. Fluoroacetic acid in guar gum. Food and Chemical Toxicology 22:307–308.
  45. Wu C. 2014. An important player in brine shrimp lethality bioassay: The solvent. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology and Research 5:57–58.
  46. Yogeswari S, Ramalakshmi S, Neelavathy R, Muthumary J. 2012. Identification and Comparative Studies of Different Volatile Fractions from Monochaetia kansensis by GCMS. Global Journal of Pharmacology 6:65–71.
  47. Zhao F, Wang P, Lucardi RD, Su Z, Li S. 2020. Natural Sources and Bioactivities of 2,4-Di-Tert-Butylphenol and Its Analogs. Toxins 12:1–26.
Read More

Author Biographies

Ramadhany Ayu Purnama, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogjakarta, 55281

Sigit Sunarta, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogjakarta, 55281

Hilda Ismail, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gajdah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281

Download this PDF file
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 216 Download : 240