Studi Penerapan Power Wheeling Pembangkit Fotovoltaik Dengan Metode MW-km
Abstrak
Upaya dalam mengurangi emisi karbon pada sektor ketenagalistrikan adalah dengan menerapkan pembangkit energi terbarukan yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Pembangkit fotovoltaik (photovoltaic, PV) sebagai pembangkit terdistribusi (distributed generator, DG) merupakan salah satu pembangkit dari energi terbarukan yang menjadi tren saat ini. DG merupakan pembangkit yang letaknya dekat dengan beban pada jaringan distribusi. Dalam penerapannya, PV DG akan memengaruhi besar rugi daya pada jaringan listrik yang sudah ada (existing), sehingga juga memengaruhi besar biaya rugi energi. Selain itu, ketersediaan lahan yang memadai juga diperlukan dalam pemasangan PV DG. Hal ini menyebabkan kerja sama antara pelaku usaha penyedia tenaga listrik PV DG dengan partner beban dilakukan secara berjauhan, sehingga menimbulkan masalah penyaluran. Pembangunan saluran distribusi oleh pelaku usaha untuk evakuasi produksi listriknya hampir tidak mungkin dilakukan. Sewa jaringan distribusi menjadi solusi yang menarik, yaitu melalui skema pemanfaatan bersama jaringan distribusi atau power wheeling. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan studi penerapan power wheeling pembangkit PV pada sistem jaringan distribusi IEEE 33 bus, dengan mencari lokasi bus penempatan pembangkit wheeling PV yang menghasilkan total biaya rugi energi dan biaya sewa jaringan distribusi terkecil. Metode MW-km digunakan untuk perhitungan biaya sewa jaringan. Ketersediaan lahan tiap bus juga dipertimbangkan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penempatan pembangkit wheeling PV di bus 8 menghasilkan biaya total rugi energi dan biaya sewa jaringan distribusi terkecil selama setahun. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa penempatan pembangkit wheeling PV di sembarang tempat belum tentu menghasilkan total biaya rugi energi dan biaya sewa jaringan distribusi terkecil.
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