Effect of Barrier Walls on Vital Signs of Breathing Detection with Through-Wall Radar
Abstract
Through-Wall Radar (TWR) has been extensively applied in various fields, one of which is in the search for, or evacuation of disaster victims struck by rubbles. The TWR is an application of radar systems operating in a wide frequency range or ultra-wideband (UWB), hence it has a high accuracy level in detecting objects behind walls. In this study, the Vivaldi antenna was used to obtain a high-level resolution for its capability to operate on UWB. Parameters such as dielectric characteristics are needed for each barrier type to generate a high accuracy level. The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of barrier walls on the detection of vital signs of respiration using a radar system modeled using two methods, namely, a vector network analyzer (VNA) and bladeRF. The experiment stages included the making of the experimental system design, experimental data collection, experimental data processing, and experimental results analysis. Wall types used in this study were brick and wooden walls. The experimental data results were used to analyze the effect of the barrier on the detection of vital signs of respiration using a radar system. Experiments using VNA as a radar system were conducted to analyze the effect of the barrier wall on the detection of the target behind the barrier wall. Experiments using bladeRF as a radar system were conducted to prove the presence or absence of a barrier effect on the detection of vital signs of respiration using a radar system. The measurement results showed that the largest peak-to-peak signal amplitude decrease occurred in the target detection with a distance of 125 cm, which was 11.51 dB, and a delay of 0.084 ns when using the Hebel brick barrier. Meanwhile, in wooden barriers, the average decrease in peak-to-peak signal amplitude was 2.968 dB, and the delay was 0.006 ns.
References
Z. Li, T. Jin, Y. Dai, and Y. Song, “Through-Wall Multi-Subject Localization and Vital Signs Monitoring Using UWB MIMO Imaging Radar,” Remote Sens., Vol. 13, No. 15, pp. 1-21, Jul. 2021.
T.O. Praktika, A.A. Pramudita, and Y. Wahyu, “Design of Vivaldi Antenna for UWB Respiration Radar,” 2019 Int. Conf. Inf., Commun. Technol. (ICOIACT), 2019, pp. 11–16.
S. Saleh, et al., “Compact UWB Vivaldi Tapered Slot Antenna,” Alexandria Eng. J., Vol. 61, No. 6, pp. 4977–4994, Jun. 2022.
A. Dell’Aversano, A. Natale, A. Buonanno, and R. Solimene, “Through the Wall Breathing Detection by Means of a Doppler Radar and MUSIC Algorithm,” IEEE Sensors Lett., Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 1-4, Jun. 2017.
K. Wang, Z. Zeng, and J. Sun, “Through-Wall Detection of the Moving Paths and Vital Signs of Human Beings,” IEEE Geosci., Remote Sens. Lett., Vol. 16, No. 5, pp. 717–721, May 2019.
B.P.A. Rohman, M.B. Andra, and M. Nishimoto, “Through-the-Wall Human Respiration Detection Using UWB Impulse Radar on Hovering Drone,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs., Remote Sens., Vol. 14, pp. 6572–6584, Jun. 2021.
F. Khan and S.H. Cho, “A Detailed Algorithm for Vital Sign Monitoring of a Stationary/Non-Stationary Human through IR-UWB Radar,” Sensors, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 1-15, Feb. 2017.
Z. Li, T. Jin, Y. Dai, and Y. Song, “Through-Wall Multi-Subject Localization and Vital Signs Monitoring Using UWB MIMO Imaging Radar,” Remote Sens., Vol. 13, No. 15, pp. 1-21, Jul. 2021.
Z. Duan and J. Liang, “Non-Contact Detection of Vital Signs Using a UWB Radar Sensor,” IEEE Access, Vol. 7, pp. 36888–36895, Apr. 2019.
X. Liang, et al., “An Improved Algorithm for Through-Wall Target Detection Using Ultra-Wideband Impulse Radar,” IEEE Access, Vol. 5, pp. 22101–22118, Oct. 2017.
X. Zhang, et al., “Contactless Simultaneous Breathing and Heart Rate Detections in Physical Activity Using IR-UWB Radars,” Sensors, Vol. 21, No. 16, pp. 1–18, Aug. 2021.
H. Ryanu, D. Setiawan, and Edwar, “Desain Antena Mikrostrip UWB dengan Peningkatan Lebar Pita dan Karakteristik Triple Notch Band,” J. Nas. Tek. Elekt., Teknol. Inf., Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 249–256, Aug. 2021.
N.T. Kien and I.-P. Hong, “Evaluation of Common Building Wall in See-Through-Wall Application of Ultra-Wideband Synthetic Aperture Radar,” J. Elect. Eng., Technol., Vol. 16, pp. 437-442, Sep. 2020.
R. Ambarini, A.A. Pramudita, E. Ali, and A.D. Setiawan, “Single-Tone Doppler Radar System for Human Respiratory Monitoring,” 2018 5th Int. Conf. Elect. Eng. Comput. Sci., Inform. (EECSI), 2018, pp. 571–575.
X. Li and G. Lv, “Improved Radiation Characteristics of Compact Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna with the Hybrid Technique for UWB Applications,” Electromagn., Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 66–81, 2021.
P.J. Gibson, “The Vivaldi Aerial,” Eur. Microw. Conf., 1979, pp. 101–105.
J. Zhang, H. Lan, M. Liu, and Y. Yang, “A Handheld Nano Through-Wall Radar Locating with the Gain-Enhanced Vivaldi Antenna,” IEEE Sensors J., Vol. 20, No. 8, pp. 4420–4429, Apr. 2020.
A.A. Pramudita, T.O. Praktika, and S. Jannah, “Radar Modeling Experiment Using Vector Network Analyzer,” 2020 Int. Symp. Antennas, Propag. (ISAP), 2021, pp. 99–100.
R. Akeela and B. Dezfouli, “Software-Defined Radios: Architecture, State-of-the-Art, Challenges,” Comput. Commun., Vol. 128, pp. 106–125, Sep. 2018.
D. Garmatyuk, J. Schuerger, and K. Kauffman, “Multifunctional Software-Defined Radar Sensor and Data Communication System,” IEEE Sensors J., Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 99–106, Jan. 2011.
C. Apriono, F. Muin, and F.H. Juwono, “Portable Micro-Doppler Radar with Quadrature Radar Architecture for Non-Contact Human Breath Detection,” Sensors, Vol. 21, No. 17, pp. 1–15, Aug. 2021.
M. Gummineni and T.R. Polipalli, “Implementation of Reconfigurable Transceiver Using GNU Radio and HackRF One,” Wirel. Pers. Commun., Vol. 112, pp. 889–905, Jan. 2020.
T.T.T. Quynh, et al., “Network Coding with Multimedia Transmission and Cognitive Networking: An Implementation Based on Software-Defined Radio,” REV J. Electron., Commun., Vol. 10, No. 3–4, pp. 72–84, Jul.–Dec. 2021.
© Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1.png)
