Penyandi Persepsi Isyarat Audio Berdasar pada Model Modulasi Frekuensi (FM)
Abstract
Data compression or source coding has been playing an important role in many areas in daily life. There are several audio encoders available with various methods. Each audio encoder works at a certain range bitrate depending on the signal model used and the method implemented. Based on literature reviews it is to know that there are only a view of audio encoder working at bit rate below 16 kbit/s, especially for music signals.
The togetherness in having harmonically components between the audio signals and frequency modulated signals is the basic idea of proposing the perceptual encoder based on FM signal model. In estimating and extracting FM parameters, the psychoacoustic model is used to exploit the perceptual nature of humans ears. The errors of FM modeling is distributed below the masking curve of psychoacoustic model. The developed encoder allows sending music signals on the GSM channel.
The developed encoder has four cascaded main processes, namely sinusoid components extraction, harmonic components separation, FM parameters estimation, and FM parameter encoding. The simulation results show the proposed method is successful to encode some audio signal types.
References
B. S. Atal, “Predictive coding of speech at low bit rates”, IEEE Transactions on Communications, 30, P. 600-614, April 1982.
ITU-T. R. G.726:, 40, 32, 24, 16 kbit/s Adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM), 1992.
ITU-T. R. G.729, Coding of speech at 8 kbit/s using conjugate-structure algebraic code excited linear-prediction (CS-ACELP), 1995.
ETSI Rec. GSM 06.10: GSM full rate speech transcoding, 1988.
I.-T. R. G.722, 7kHz audio coding within 64 kbit/s,, vol. Fascicle III.4, Blue Book, P. 269-341, 1988.
I. JTC1/SC29/WG11, Coding of moving pictures and audio MPEG-2 Advanced Audio Coding, ISO/IEC 13818-7 international standard, 1997.
I. JTC1/SC29/WG11, Coding of moving pictures and audio MPEG-2 Advanced Audio Coding, ISO/IEC 13818-7 international standard, 1997.
M. Bosi, K. Brandenburg, , S. Quackenbush, L. Fielder, K. Akagiri, H. Fuchs, M. Dietz, J. Herre, G. Davidson, Y. Oikawa, “ISO/IEC MPEG-2 Advanced Audio Coding”, J. Audio Eng. Soc., 1997.
I. JTC1/SC29, Mpeg4 Audio coding, ISO/IEC 14496-3:/Amd.1:1999(E),, 1999.
S. Quackenbush, “MPEG Unified Speech and Audio Coding”, IEEE Multimedia, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 72-78, April-June 2013.
B. Winduratna, A. Susanto dan R. Hidayat, “Penyandi isayarat Musik pada Pesat Bit di bawah 16 kbit/s Berdasar Model Isyarat Modulasi frekuensi (FM)”, Disertasi, Departemen Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi, FT UGM, Yogyakarta, 2016
G. Eska, “Schall und Klang: Wie und was wir hören”, Birkhäuser Verlag, 1997.
M. Goodwin, Adaptive Signal Models, Theory, Algorithms and Audio Application, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherland, 1998.
S. Kay, “A Fast and Accurate Single Frequency Estimator, IEEE”, Transactions on Accoustics, Speech, Signal Processing, Vol. 37, No. 12, p. 1987-1990., 1989.
B. Winduratna, A. Susanto dan R. Hidayat, “Ekstraksi Komponen Sinusoida dari Isyarat Audio”, Annual Engineering Seminar, FT UGM, Frebruari 2014
B. Winduratna, A. Susanto dan R. Hidayat, “Ekstraksi Komponen Harmonik dari Isyarat Audio”, Annual Engineering Seminar, FT UGM, Frebruari 2015
E. Amstrong, “A method of reducing distrubances in radio signaling by a system of frequency modulation”, Proceeding of the Institute of Radio Engineers , vol. 24, number 5, pp. 689–740, May 1936.
J. Chowning, , “The Synthesis of Complex Audio Spectra by Means of Frequency Modulation”, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, 21 (7), 1973
B. Schottstaedt, “The Simulation of Natural Instrument Tones Using Frequency Modulation with a Complex Modulating Wave”, Computer Music Jounal, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 46-50, 1977.
J.-P. Palamin, P. Palamin, A. Ronveaux, “A Method of Generation and Controlling Musical Asymmetrical Spectra”, Journal Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 36, pp. 671-685, Sept. 1988.
B.T.G. Tan, S.L. Gan, “Real-Time Implementation of Double Frequency Modulation (DFM) Synthesis", Journal Audio Eng. Soc., 1994.
P. E. Etchemendy, M. C. Eguia and B. Mesz, “Principal pitch of frequency-modulated tones with asymmetrical modulation waveform: A comparison of model”, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 135, 2014.
B. T. G. Tan, and S. M. Lim, “Automated Parameter Optimisation for Double Frequency Modulation Synthesis Using the Genetic Annealing Algorithm”, In: Journal of Audio Engineering Society, 44, (1/2) pp 3-15. 1996.
T. J. Mitchell, and C. W. Sullivan, “Frequency Modulation Tone Matching Using a Fuzzy Clustering Evolution”, In: Proceedings of the 118th Convention of the Audio Engineering Society, Barcelona, Preprint 6366, 2005.
B. Winduratna, A. Susanto dan R. Hidayat, “Pemodelan Isyarat Musik Berbasis pada Modulasi frekuensi (FM)”, CITEE 2015, DTETI, FT UGM ,September 2015
Jayant, N., "Noll, P & Pan, D.: The psychoacoustic model," in Signal Compression: Coding of Speech, Audio, Text, Image and Video, World Scientific, 1997, pp. 99-105.
Y. Lin, and W. H. Abdulla, Audio Watermark, pp 15-49, Springer, 2015.
© Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1.png)
