Convolutional Neural Network untuk Pendeteksian Patah Tulang Femur pada Citra Ultrasonik B–Mode
Abstract
The bone fracture detection using X–rays or CT–scan produces accurate images but has harmful effect radiation. This paper presented the use of ultrasonic waves (US) as an alternative to substitute those two instruments. This study used femur bovine and chicken bones in conditions with and without meat. The fractures are artificially made on transverse and oblique patterns. The scanning US probe produces two-dimensional (2D) B–mode images. Fracture detection is done using five variations of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectural design, i.e., CNN1–CNN5. The results showed that the CNN4 is the best design of bone contour recognition and bone fracture classification compared to the other tested designs, with 95.3% accuracy, 95% sensitivity, and 96% specificity. The comparison with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and k-NN classification methods indicate that CNN has superior performance in accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.
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