Geolokasi Nirkabel Graf Faktor RSS Mencapai Tingkat Akurasi MilimeterWave pada 6G

Muhammad Reza Kahar Aziz; Heriansyah; Syanne Octavia Mabuka; Muhammad Wahyu Fajrilah; Efa Maydhona Saputra; Anita Pascawati; Ardiansyah Musa Efendi

doi:10.22146/jnteti.v15i1.23919

Muhammad Reza Kahar Aziz Electrical Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Lampung 35365, Indonesia
Heriansyah Electrical Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Lampung 35365, Indonesia
Syanne Octavia Mabuka Program Studi Teknik Telekomunikasi, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Lampung 35365, Indonesia
Muhammad Wahyu Fajrilah Electrical Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Lampung 35365, Indonesia
Efa Maydhona Saputra Electrical Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Lampung 35365, Indonesia
Anita Pascawati Pusat Riset Teknologi Roket, Organisasi Riset Penerbangan dan Antariksa, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16911, Indonesia
Ardiansyah Musa Efendi Singapore Connectivity Chipset Algorithm Design Lab, Huawei, Singapore

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jnteti.v15i1.23919

Keywords: CRLB, Graf Factor, Geolocation, RSS, FIM

Abstract

This study investigated a wireless geolocation technique based on a received signal strength (RSS)-based factor graph (FG). Deriving a theoretical performance bound is essential for evaluating the effectiveness and validity of a proposed technique, as well as for facilitating further technological innovation. In this study, the Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB) was derived from the Jacobian matrix embedded in the Fisher information matrix (FIM). The resulting formulation was incorporated into the main function node of the RSS-based factor graph (RSS-FG), which characterized the relationship between RSS measurements and the target coordinates. Furthermore, various monitoring grid sizes were investigated to evaluate the capability of the RSS-FG geolocation technique in achieving the localization accuracy targeted for sixth-generation (6G) networks, namely 1 cm, in millimeter-wave (mmWave) environments. Simulation results demonstrated that the derived CRLB provided the tightest performance bound, thereby validating its suitability as the theoretical bound for the proposed RSS-FG geolocation technique. This was evidenced by the CRLB exhibiting the lowest root mean squared error (RMSE) among all evaluated methods. Moreover, the RSS-FG technique achieved a localization accuracy of 1 cm and approached the CRLB at a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 20 dB or higher for the 1 m × 1 m monitoring grid scenario. The results also indicated that variations in the operating frequency had a negligible effect on the localization accuracy of the RSS-FG technique. This article is expected to provide a comprehensive understanding of FG-based wireless geolocation techniques that utilize RSS measurements as the system input.

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Wireless Geolocation Using an RSS Factor Graph Achieving Millimeter-Wave-Level Accuracy in 6G

Abstract

References