Nano-Perfumes As A Fragrance Carrier: Their Brief History, Essential Aspects, Development, Preparation Methods, Characteristics, And Future Perspectives
Keywords:
Nano-perfume, Nanoemulsions, Perfumery Ternary Diagram, Mixture Design, Quality by Design
Abstract
Nano-perfume is an alcohol-free perfume in the form of oil-in-water nanoemulsions containing fragrance. Due to its favorable properties, nano-perfume may appeal to a broader client base, including children and individuals with sensitive skin. This technology can provide an alternative solution to the low permanence of fragrances by eliminating ethanol and decreasing the amount of surfactant, co-surfactant, and solvents used in the formulation. However, relatively few researchers have studied and developed this technology to date. In this review, we examine several essential elements of nano-perfume, therefore it is hoped that relevant questions will be raised regarding the future of this technology. The discussion is focused on the definition and composition of perfume, the notion of "notes" in fragrances products, nanotechnology in the cosmetics industry, significant characteristics of nano-perfume, as well as problems and prospects.
References
Abdelghany, A., El-Desouky, M. A., & Shemis, M. (2021). Synthesis and characterization of amoxicillin-loaded polymeric nanocapsules as a drug delivery system targeting Helicobacter pylori. Arab Journal of Gastroenterology, 22(4), 278–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajg.2021.06.002
Abdulbaqi, M. R., Albadri, A. A., & Abdulelah, F. M. (2019). Nanoemulsion Preparation, Identification and Evaluation Review. Journal of Global Pharma Technology, 11(07), 198–206.
Alkalbani, A. M., Chala, G. T., & Myint, M. T. Z. (2022). Experimental investigation of rheological properties of water-base mud with zinc oxide nanoparticles using response surface methodology. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 208, 109781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2021.109781
Allouche, J. (2013). Synthesis of Organic and Bioorganic Nanoparticles: An Overview of the Preparation Methods. In Nanomaterials: A Danger or a Promise? A Chemical and Biological Perspective (pp. 27–74). Springer-Verlag London.
Argenta, D. F., Mattos, C. B. de, Mitsurini, F. D., Koester, L. S., Bassani, V. L., Simōes, C. M. O., & Teixeira, H. F. (2014). Factorial Design Applied to the Optimization of Lipid Composition of Topical Antiherpetic Nanoemulsions Containing Isoflavone Genistein. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 9, 4737–4747. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S67732
Arianto, A., & Cindy, C. (2019). Preparation and Evaluation of Sunflower Oil Nanoemulsion as Sunscreen. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(22), 3757–3761. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.497
Armstrong, N. A. (2006). Pharmaceutical Experimental Design and Interpretation (0 ed.). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420021455
Arribas, M. P., Soro, P., & Silvestre, J. F. (2013). Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Fragrances: Part 2. Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas, 104(1), 29–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ad.2012.03.005
Asadi, E., Ghadimi, A., Hosseini, S. S., Sadatnia, B., Rostamizadeh, M., & Nadeali, A. (2022). Surfactant-mediated and wet-impregnation approaches for modification of ZIF-8 nanocrystals: Mixed matrix membranes for CO2/CH4 separation. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 329, 111539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2021.111539
Barreto, S. M. A. G., Maia, M. S., Benicá, A. M., de Assis, H. R. B. S., Leite-Silva, V. R., da Rocha-Filho, P. A., de Negreiros, M. M. F., de Oliveira Rocha, H. A., Ostrosky, E. A., Lopes, P. S., de Farias Sales, V. S., Giordani, R. B., & Ferrari, M. (2017). Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo safety of the by-product of Agave sisalana as a new cosmetic raw material: Development and clinical evaluation of a nanoemulsion to improve skin moisturizing. Industrial Crops and Products, 108, 470–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.06.064
Barriga, H. M. G., Holme, M. N., & Stevens, M. M. (2019). Cubosomes: The Next Generation of Smart Lipid Nanoparticles? Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 58(10), 2958–2978. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201804067
Bei, W., Zhou, Y., Xing, X., Zahi, M. R., Li, Y., Yuan, Q., & Liang, H. (2015). Organogel-nanoemulsion containing nisin and D-limonene and its antimicrobial activity. Frontiers in Microbiology, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01010
Bhosale, R. R., Osmani, R. A., Ghodake, P. P., Shaikh, S. M., & Chavan, S. R. (2014). Nanoemulsion: A Review on Novel Profusion in Advanced Drug Delivery. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research, 2(01), 122–127. https://doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.2.1.19
Bleuez, L., & Porcu, M. (2009). Perfume Composition with Reduced Alcohol Content (European Patent Office Patent No. EP2127632A1).
Boughendjioua, H., & Djeddi, S. (2018). Study of The Organoleptic and Physicochemical Properties of Cinnamon Essential Oil (Cinnamomum zeylanicum). American Journal of Life Sciences Research, 6(3), 123–130.
BPOM. (2011). Metode Analisis Penetapan Angka Kapang Khamir dan Uji Angka Lempeng Total dalam Kosmetika. Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan. https://notifkos.pom.go.id/upload/informasi/20170926043308.pdf
Brownlow, B., Nagaraj, V. J., Nayel, A., Joshi, M., & Elbayoumi, T. (2015). Development and In Vitro Evaluation of Vitamin E-Enriched Nanoemulsion Vehicles Loaded with Genistein for Chemoprevention Against UVB-Induced Skin Damage. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 104(10), 3510–3523. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.24547
BSN. (1998). SNI 16-4949-1998: Sediaan Eau de Cologne, Eau de Toilette, Eau de Parfum. badan Standardisasi Nasional.
Cheaburu-Yilmaz, C. N., Karasulu, H. Y., & Yilmaz, O. (2019). Nanoscaled Dispersed Systems Used in Drug-Delivery Applications. In Polymeric Nanomaterials in Nanotherapeutics (pp. 437–468). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813932-5.00013-3
Chime, S. A., Kenechukwu, F. C., & Attama, A. A. (2014). Nanoemulsions—Advances in Formulation, Characterization and Applications in Drug Delivery. In A. D. Sezer (Ed.), Application of Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery. InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/58673
Chisvert, A., López-Nogueroles, M., & Salvador, A. (2018). Perfumes. In Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering (p. B9780124095472140000). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409547-2.14037-5
Christaki, S., Moschakis, T., Hatzikamari, M., & Mourtzinos, I. (2022). Nanoemulsions of oregano essential oil and green extracts: Characterization and application in whey cheese. Food Control, 141, 109190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109190
Chung, S. L., Tan, C.-T., Tuhill, I. M., & Scharpf, L. G. (1994). Transparent Oil in Water Microemulsion Flavor Or Fragrance Concentrate (United States Patent Patent No. US5283056A).
Çinar, K. (2017). A Review On Nanoemulsions: Preparation Methods and Stability. 11.
Cornell, J. A. (2002). Experiments with Mixtures: Designs, Models, and The Analysis of Mixture Data (3rd ed). Wiley.
Cui, G., Wang, J., Wang, X., Li, W., & Zhang, X. (2018). Preparation and Properties of Narrowly Dispersed Polyurethane Nanocapsules Containing Essential Oil via Phase Inversion Emulsification. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 66(41), 10799–10807. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02406
Daraee, H., Etemadi, A., Kouhi, M., Alimirzalu, S., & Akbarzadeh, A. (2016). Application of Liposomes in Medicine and Drug Delivery. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 44(1), 381–391. https://doi.org/10.3109/21691401.2014.953633
Dario, M. F., Viana, A. S., Augusto, O., Linares, E., Gama, R. M., Baby, A. R., & Velasco, M. V. R. (2020). Dyed hair photoprotection efficacy of a quercetin-loaded cationic nanoemulsion. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 204, 111788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111788
De, A., Bose, R., Kumar, A., & Mozumdar, S. (2014). Nanoparticulate Delivery Systems. In A. De, R. Bose, A. Kumar, & S. Mozumdar, Targeted Delivery of Pesticides Using Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles (pp. 37–57). Springer India. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1689-6_10
Ding, S., Anton, N., Akram, S., Er-Rafik, M., Anton, H., Klymchenko, A., Yu, W., Vandamme, T. F., & Serra, C. A. (2017). A new method for the formulation of double nano-emulsion. Soft Matter, 13(8), 1660–1669. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6SM02603F
Dong, W., Su, J., Chen, Y., Xu, D., Cheng, L., Mao, L., Gao, Y., & Yuan, F. (2022). Characterization and antioxidant properties of chitosan film incorporated with modified silica nanoparticles as an active food packaging. Food Chemistry, 373, 131414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131414
Đorđević, S. M., Cekić, N. D., Savić, M. M., Isailović, T. M., Ranđelović, D. V., Marković, B. D., Savić, S. R., Stamenić, T. T., Daniels, R., & Savić, S. D. (2015). Parenteral nanoemulsions as promising carriers for brain delivery of risperidone: Design, characterization, and in vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 493(1–2), 40–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.07.007
Dumanois, M., & Gueyne, N. (2003). Alcohol Free-Base for Aqueous Perfume Composition (United States Patent Patent No. US20030186836A1).
Eccleston, G. M. (2006). Emulsions and Microemulsions. In Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology (Vol. 3, pp. 1548–1565). Informa Healthcare.
Eid, A. M., Elmarzugi, N. A., & El-Enshasy, H. A. (2013). Development of Avocado oil Nanoemulsion Hydrogel using Sucrose Ester Stearate. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 3(12), 145–147.
Elgammal, M., Schneider, R., & Gradzielski, M. (2015). Preparation of latex nanoparticles using nanoemulsions obtained by the phase inversion composition (PIC) method and their application in textile printing. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 470, 70–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.01.064
Falleh, H., Ben Jemaa, M., Neves, M. A., Isoda, H., Nakajima, M., & Ksouri, R. (2021). Peppermint and Myrtle nanoemulsions: Formulation, stability, and antimicrobial activity. LWT, 152, 112377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112377
Fernandes, P. A., & Yukuyama, M. N. (2015). Cosmetic Compositions in The Form of Oil-in-water Nanoemulsions, Comprising Solid Fatty Alcohol(s), Liquid Fatty Ester(s), Other Oil(s) and Non-ionic Surfactant(s) (WIPO Patent No. WO2015066777A1). https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2015066777A1/en
Fernandez, P., André, V., Rieger, J., & Kühnle, A. (2004). Nano-emulsion formation by emulsion phase inversion. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 251(1–3), 53–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.09.029
Fytianos, G., Rahdar, A., & Kyzas, G. Z. (2020). Nanomaterials in Cosmetics: Recent Updates. Nanomaterials, 10(5), 979. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10050979
Ghalehkhondabi, V., Fazlali, A., & Soleymani, M. (2022). Folic acid-conjugated pH-responsive poly (methacrylic acid) nanospheres for targeted delivery of anticancer drugs to breast cancer cells. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 348, 118028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118028
Ghosh, V., Mukherjee, A., & Chandrasekaran, N. (2013). Ultrasonic emulsification of food-grade nanoemulsion formulation and evaluation of its bactericidal activity. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 20(1), 338–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.08.010
Goh, P., Ng, M., Choo, Y., Amru, N., & Chuah, C. (2015). Production of Nanoemulsions from Palm-Based Tocotrienol Rich Fraction by Microfluidization. Molecules, 20(11), 19936–19946. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules201119666
Gomes, P. B., Mata, V. G., & Rodrigues, A. E. (2008). Experimental validation of perfumery ternary diagram® methodology. AIChE Journal, 54(1), 310–320. https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.11353
Gopalakrishnan, A. M., Kundu, A. K., Mandal, T. K., & Kumar, N. (2013). Novel Nanosomes for Gene Delivery to Plasmodium falciparum-infected Red Blood Cells. Scientific Reports, 3(1), 1534. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01534
Gorjian, H., Mihankhah, P., & Khaligh, N. G. (2022). Influence of tween nature and type on physicochemical properties and stability of spearmint essential oil (Mentha spicata L.) stabilized with basil seed mucilage nanoemulsion. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 359, 119379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119379
Guenin, E. P., Trotzinka, K. A., Smith, L. C., Warren, C. B., Munteanu, M. A., Chung, S. L., & Tan, C.-T. (1995). Alcohol Free Perfume (United States Patent Patent No. US5468725A).
Gurpret, K., & Singh, S. K. (2018). Review of Nanoemulsion Formulation and Characterization Techniques. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 80(5). https://doi.org/10.4172/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000422
Gut, K., Kennard, K. W., Sikora, E., Miastkowska, M., & Lason, E. (2020). Method for Manufacturing an Alcohol-Free Perfume (European Patent Office Patent No. EP3586820A1).
Gwak, M. A., Hong, B. M., & Park, W. H. (2021). Hyaluronic acid/tannic acid hydrogel sunscreen with excellent anti-UV, antioxidant, and cooling effects. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 191, 918–924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.169
Hagos, Z., Mulugeta, A., V. K. Gopalakrishnan, K. Krishna Chaithanya, & B. Nagaraju. (2017). Chemical Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Essential Oil from Myrtus communis. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 9(6), 439–443.
Handley, J., & Burrows, D. (1994). Allergic Contact Dermatitis from Synthetic Fragrances Lyral and Acetyl Cedrene in Separate Underarm Deodorant Preparations. Contact Dermatitis, 31, 288–290.
Hanifah, M., & Jufri, M. (2018). Formulation and Stability Testing of Nanoemulsion Lotion Containing Centella asiatica Extract. Journal of Young Pharmacists, 10(4), 404–408. https://doi.org/10.5530/jyp.2018.10.89
Hardoyono, F. (2017). Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sensor Aromatik Sebagai Alat Deteksi Alkohol Pada Parfum dan Wewangian Untuk Autentikasi Produk Parfum Halal. Jurnal Penelitian Agama, 18(2), 302–322. https://doi.org/10.24090/jpa.v18i2.2017.pp302-322
Harrison, M. E., Vosnaki, E., Biebel, J., Miguel Matos, & El-Latif, R. A. (2018). Best in Show: Melon [Business]. Best in Show: Melon (2018). https://www.fragrantica.com/news/Best-in-Show-Vanilla-For-Vanilla-Lovers-Vanilla-Haters-11274.html
Hendriks, S. A., Bousema, M. T., & Ginkel, van C. J. (1999). Allergic Contact Dermatitis rom the Fragrance Ingredient Lyral in Underarm Deodorant. Contact Dermatitis, 41, 119.
Himeno, T., Konno, Y., & Naito, N. (2017). Liposomes for Cosmetics. In Cosmetic Science and Technology: Theoretical Principles and Applications (pp. 539–549). Elsevier Inc.
Huang, B., Zhang, Z., Ding, N., Zhuang, Y., Zhang, G., & Fei, P. (2022). Preparation of Acylated chitosan with Caffeic Acid in Non-enzymatic and Enzymatic Systems: Characterization and Application in Pork Preservation. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 194, 246–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.193
Huber, B., & Burfeindt, J. (2019). Nanotechnology in Cosmetics. In Nanocosmetic: From Ideas to Products (p. 17). Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ICH. (2017). ICH Guideline Q8 (R2) on Pharmaceutical Development. European Medicines Agency. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/scientific-guideline/international-conference-harmonisation-technical-requirements-registration-pharmaceuticals-human-use_en-11.pdf
ISO. (1998a). ISO 279-1998: Essential oils—Determination of relative density at 20°C - Reference method. International Organization for Standardization. https://www.iso.org/standard/25308.html
ISO. (1998b). ISO 3960-1998: Animal and vegetable fats and oils - Determination of peroxide value. International Organization for Standardization. https://cdn.standards.iteh.ai/samples/27305/744e8cb9ab4648fdade1b49652e37d54/ISO-3960-1998.pdf
Ito, T., Tsuji, Y., Aramaki, K., & Tonooka, N. (2012). Two-step Emulsification Process for Water-in-Oil-in-Water Multiple Emulsions Stabilized by Lamellar Liquid Crystals. Journal of Oleo Science, 61(8), 413–420. https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.61.413
Jafari, A., Anarjan, N., & Jafarizadeh-Malmiri, H. (2019). Effects of Rotation Speed and Time, as Solvent Removal Parameters, on The Physico-chemical Properties of Prepared α-tocopherol Nanoemulsions Using solvent-displacement Technique. Food Science and Biotechnology, 29, 371–378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-019-00675-9
Jafari, S. M., He, Y., & Bhandari, B. (2007). Production of sub-micron emulsions by ultrasound and microfluidization techniques. Journal of Food Engineering, 82(4), 478–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.03.007
Jafari, S. M., Paximada, P., Mandala, I., Assadpour, E., & Mehrnia, M. A. (2017). Encapsulation by Nanoemulsions. In Nanoencapsulation Technologies for The Food and Nutraceuticsal Industries (pp. 36–37). Elsevier Inc.
Jain, G. K., Ahmad, F. J., & Khar, R. K. (2012). Pharmaceutical Rheology. In Theory and Practice of Physical Pharmacy (First, pp. 126–130). Elsevier Inc. https://www.elsevier.com/books/theory-and-practice-of-physical-pharmacy/jain/978-81-312-2824-1
Jain, S. S., Jagtap, P. S., Dand, N. M., Jadhav, K. R., & Kadam, V. J. (2012). Aquasomes: A Novel Drug Carrier. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2(1), 184–192.
Jaiswal, M., Dudhe, R., & Sharma, P. K. (2015). Nanoemulsion: An advanced mode of drug delivery system. 3 Biotech, 5(2), 123–127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-014-0214-0
Kang, Z., Chen, S., Zhou, Y., Ullah, S., & Liang, H. (2022). Rational construction of citrus essential oil nanoemulsion with robust stability and high antimicrobial activity based on combination of emulsifiers. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 80, 103110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103110
Karami, P., Aktij, S. A., Khorshidi, B., Firouzjaei, M. D., Asad, A., Elliott, M., Rahimpour, A., Soares, J. B. P., & Sadrzadeh, M. (2022). Nanodiamond-decorated thin film composite membranes with antifouling and antibacterial properties. Desalination, 522, 115436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2021.115436
Karthik, P., Ishwarya, S. P., & Anandharamakrishnan, C. (2018). Droplet coalescence as a potential marker for physicochemical fate of nanoemulsions during in-vitro small intestine digestion. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 553, 278–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.05.066
Kazemi, M., Mohammadifar, M., Aghadavoud, E., Vakili, Z., Aarabi, M. H., & Talaei, S. A. (2020). Deep skin wound healing potential of lavender essential oil and licorice extract in a nanoemulsion form: Biochemical, histopathological and gene expression evidence. Journal of Tissue Viability, 29(2), 116–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtv.2020.03.004
Koester, L., Mattos, C., Argenta, D., Melchiades, G., Cordeiro, M., Tonini, M., Moraes, M., Weber, T., Roman, S., Nunes, R., Teixeira, H., & Steindel, M. (2015). Nanoemulsions containing a synthetic chalcone as an alternative for treating cutaneous leshmaniasis: Optimization using a full factorial design. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 5529. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S83929
Lago, A. M. T., Neves, I. C. O., Oliveira, N. L., Botrel, D. A., Minim, L. A., & de Resende, J. V. (2019). Ultrasound-assisted oil-in-water nanoemulsion produced from Pereskia aculeata Miller mucilage. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 50, 339–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.09.036
Laxmi, M., Bhardwaj, A., Mehta, S., & Mehta, A. (2015). Development and characterization of nanoemulsion as carrier for the enhancement of bioavailability of artemether. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 43(5), 334–344. https://doi.org/10.3109/21691401.2014.887018
Le, X.-T., Tuan Le, M., Manh Do, V., Minh Bui, Q., Tam Nguyen, A., Cuong Luu, X., & Nhat Do, D. (2022). Fabrication of cajeput essential oil nanoemulsions by phase inversion temperature process. Materials Today: Proceedings, 59, 1178–1182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.03.190
Li, H., Lu, H., Zhang, Y., Liu, D., & Chen, J. (2021). Oil-in-water nanoemulsion with reversible charge prepared by the phase inversion composition method. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 336, 116174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116174
Li, P.-H., & Chiang, B.-H. (2011). Process optimization and stability of d-limonene-in-water nanoemulsions prepared by ultrasonic emulsification using response surface methodology. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 19(1), 192–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.05.017
Li, Y., Zhang, Z., Yuan, Q., Liang, H., & Vriesekoop, F. (2013). Process optimization and stability of d-limonene nanoemulsions prepared by catastrophic phase inversion method. Journal of Food Engineering, 119(3), 419–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.06.001
Liew, S. N., Utra, U., Alias, A. K., Tan, T. B., Tan, C. P., & Yussof, N. S. (2020). Physical, morphological, and antibacterial properties of lime essential oil nanoemulsions prepared via spontaneous emulsification method. LWT, 128, 109388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109388
Ling, T., Jiang, Z., Yang, X., Li, P., Li, J., Ren, X., & Guo, C. (2022). Synthesis, Surface Properties, Aggregation Behavior of Oleyl Ether Sulfates and Their Application to Liquid Crystal Emulsion. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 642, 128655.
Liu, X., Chen, L., Kang, Y., He, D., Yang, B., & Wu, K. (2021). Cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsions by high-pressure homogenization: Formulation, stability, and antimicrobial activity. LWT, 147, 111660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111660
Lopes, L. (2014). Overcoming the Cutaneous Barrier with Microemulsions. Pharmaceutics, 6(1), 52–77. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics6010052
Maestro, A., Solè, I., González, C., Solans, C., & Gutiérrez, J. M. (2008). Influence of the phase behavior on the properties of ionic nanoemulsions prepared by the phase inversion composition method. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 327(2), 433–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2008.07.059
Mahdi, E. S., Sakeena, M. H. F., Abdulkarim, M., Sattar, M., Noor, A. M., & Abdullah, G. (2011). Formulation and in vitro release evaluation of newly synthesized palm kernel oil esters-based nanoemulsion delivery system for 30% ethanolic dried extract derived from local Phyllanthus urinaria for skin antiaging. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 2499. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S22337
Manaa, A. O., Baghdadi, H. H., El‐Nikhely, N. A., Heikal, L. A., & El-Hosseiny, L. S. (2022). Oregano oil-nanoemulsions: Formulation and evaluation of antibacterial and anticancer potentials. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 78, 103978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103978
Manzo, R. P., & Kennedy, D. M. (1998). Non-alcoholic Perfume or Cologne (United States Patent Patent No. US5736505A).
Marcus, J., Klossek, M. L., Touraud, D., & Kunz, W. (2013). Nano-droplet formation in fragrance tinctures: Nano-droplet formation in fragrance tinctures. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 28(5), 294–299. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3172
Mata, V. G., Gomes, P. B., & Rodrigues, A. E. (2005a). Effect of Nonidealities in Perfume Mixtures Using the Perfumery Ternary Diagrams (PTD) Concept. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 44(12), 4435–4441. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie048760w
Mata, V. G., Gomes, P. B., & Rodrigues, A. E. (2005b). Perfumery Ternary Diagrams (PTD): A New Concept Applied to The Optimization of Perfume Compositions. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 20(5), 465–471. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1590
Mata, V. G., Gomes, P. B., & Rodrigues, A. E. (2005c). Engineering Perfumes. AIChE Journal, 51(10), 2834–2852. https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.10530
Mayer, S., Weiss, J., & McClements, D. J. (2013). Vitamin E-enriched nanoemulsions formed by emulsion phase inversion: Factors influencing droplet size and stability. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 402, 122–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2013.04.016
McClements, D. J. (2011). Edible nanoemulsions: Fabrication, properties, and functional performance. Soft Matter, 7(6), 2297–2316. https://doi.org/10.1039/C0SM00549E
McClements, D. J., & Jafari, S. M. (2018). General Aspects of Nanoemulsions and Their Formulation. In Nanoemulsions: Formulation, Application, and Characterization (p. 4). Elsevier Inc.
McClements, D. J., & Rao, J. (2011). Food-Grade Nanoemulsions: Formulation, Fabrication, Properties, Performance, Biological Fate, and Potential Toxicity. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 51(4), 285–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2011.559558
Mehmood, T., Ahmed, A., Ahmed, Z., & Ahmad, M. S. (2019). Optimization of soya lecithin and Tween 80 based novel vitamin D nanoemulsions prepared by ultrasonication using response surface methodology. Food Chemistry, 289, 664–670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.112
Miastkowska, M., & Lasoń, E. (2020). Water-based nanoperfumes. In Nanocosmetics (pp. 173–183). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822286-7.00007-3
Miastkowska, M., Lasoń, E., Sikora, E., & Wolińska-Kennard, K. (2018). Preparation and Characterization of Water-Based Nano-Perfumes. Nanomaterials, 8(981), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8120981
Mirsharifi, S. M., Sami, M., Jazaeri, M., & Rezaei, A. (2023). Production, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of almond gum/polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan composite films containing thyme essential oil nanoemulsion for extending the shelf-life of chicken breast fillets. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 227, 405–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.183
Mishra, A., Panola, R., & Rana, A. C. (2014). Microemulsions: As Drug Delivery System. Journal of Scientific & Innovation Research, 3(4), 8.
Mishra, P., Handa, M., Ujjwal, R. R., Singh, V., Kesharwani, P., & Shukla, R. (2021). Potential of nanoparticulate based delivery systems for effective management of alopecia. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 208, 112050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112050
Mitra Firoozy & Navideh Anarjan. (2019). Preparation of Maltodextrin Stabilized α-tocopherol Nanoemulsions Using Solvent-displacement Technique. Food Science and Technology International, 25(5), 404–413. https://doi.org/10.1177/1082013219825893
Montgomery, D. C. (2017). Design and Analysis of Experiments (Ninth Edition). John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Morganti, P. (2020). Nanocosmetics: An Introduction. In Nanocosmetic: Fundamental, Applications and Toxicity (p. 3). Elsevier Inc.
MUI. (2009). Hukum Alkohol. Komisi Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia. http://www.mui.or.id/wp-content/uploads/files/fatwa/Hukum-Alkohol.pdf
Nafisi, S., & Maibach, H. I. (2017). Nanotechnology in Cosmetics. In Cosmetic Science and Technology (pp. 337–369). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802005-0.00022-7
Naseri, N., Valizadeh, H., & Zakeri-Milani, P. (2015). Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: Structure, Preparation and Application. Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 5(3), 305–313. https://doi.org/10.15171/apb.2015.043
Nastiti, C., Ponto, T., Abd, E., Grice, J., Benson, H., & Roberts, M. (2017). Topical Nano and Microemulsions for Skin Delivery. Pharmaceutics, 9(4), 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics9040037
Ngan, C. L., Basri, M., Tripathy, M., Abedi Karjiban, R., & Abdul-Malek, E. (2015). Skin intervention of fullerene-integrated nanoemulsion in structural and collagen regeneration against skin aging. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 70, 22–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2015.01.006
Okamoto, T., Tomomasa, S., & Nakajima, H. (2016). Preparation and Thermal Properties of Fatty Alcohol/Surfactant/Oil/Water Nanoemulsions and Their Cosmetic Applications. Journal of Oleo Science, 65(1), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.ess15183
Opatha, S. A. T., Titapiwatanakun, V., & Chutoprapat, R. (2020). Transfersomes: A Promising Nanoencapsulation Technique for Transdermal Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics, 12(9), 855. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12090855
Orellana, S. L., Torres-Gallegos, C., Araya-Hermosilla, R., Oyarzun-Ampuero, F., & Moreno-Villoslada, I. (2015). Association Efficiency of Three Ionic Forms of Oxytetracycline to Cationic and Anionic Oil-In-Water Nanoemulsions Analyzed by Diafiltration. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 104(3), 1141–1152. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.24255
O’rourke, B., & Short, J. (1994). Perfume Composition (World Intellectual Property Organization Patent No. WO9407461A1).
Pandey, P. K., Maheshwari, R., Raval, N., Gondaliya, P., Kalia, K., & Tekade, R. K. (2019). Nanogold-core multifunctional dendrimer for pulsatile chemo-, photothermal- and photodynamic- therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 544, 61–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2019.02.073
Peng, G., Huma, Z.-, Umair, M., Hussain, I., & Javed, I. (2020). Nanosilver at the interface of biomedical applications, toxicology, and synthetic strategies. In Metal Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery and Diagnostic Applications (pp. 119–139). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816960-5.00008-2
Pengon, S., Chinatangkul, N., Limmatvapirat, C., & Limmatvapirat, S. (2018). The effect of surfactant on the physical properties of coconut oil nanoemulsions. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 13(5), 409–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2018.02.005
Pepakayala, H., Battu, G., Pidaparthy, L. M., Pilaka, S., Devi, A., Vasu, P., & Thulluru, A. (2021). A Review on Ultrasome Drug Delivery Systems. International Journal of Biomedical Nanoletters, 1, 17–21.
Piechocki, C., & Shick, R. A. (2005). Ethanol-Free Aqueous Perfume Composition (World Intellectual Property Organization Patent No. WO2005123028A1).
Pleguezuelos-Villa, M., Nácher, A., Hernández, M. J., Ofelia Vila Buso, M. A., Ruiz Sauri, A., & Díez-Sales, O. (2019). Mangiferin nanoemulsions in treatment of inflammatory disorders and skin regeneration. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 564, 299–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.056
Praça, F. S. G., Medina, W. S. G., Eloy, J. O., Petrilli, R., Campos, P. M., Ascenso, A., & Bentley, M. V. L. B. (2018). Evaluation of critical parameters for in vitro skin permeation and penetration studies using animal skin models. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 111, 121–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2017.09.034
Prasad, J., Das, S., Maurya, A., Jain, S. K., & Dwivedy, A. K. (2022). Synthesis, characterization and in situ bioefficacy evaluation of Cymbopogon nardus essential oil impregnated chitosan nanoemulsion against fungal infestation and aflatoxin B1 contamination in food system. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 205, 240–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.060
Quemin, E. (2003). Translucent Nanoemulsion, Production Method, and Uses Thereof in The Cosmetic, Dermatological and/or Opthalmological Fields (United States Patent Patent No. US20030087967A1). https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/b4/4e/28/96198622fa65eb/US20030087967A1.pdf
Raj, S., Sumod, U., Jose, S., & Sabitha, M. (2012). Nanotechnology in Cosmetics: Opportunities and Challenges. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 4(3), 186. https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.99016
Reeder, M. J. (2020). Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Fragrances. Dermatologic Clinics, 38, 371–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.det.2020.02.009
Rege, S., Momin, S., & Bhowmick, D. (2015). Effect of Ascorbic Acid on the Oxidative Stability of Water-In-Oil Emulsion in the Presence of Lipophilic Antioxidants. International Journal of Food Properties, 18(2), 259–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2012.675609
Ren, G., Sun, Z., Wang, Z., Zheng, X., Xu, Z., & Sun, D. (2019). Nanoemulsion formation by the phase inversion temperature method using polyoxypropylene surfactants. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 540, 177–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2019.01.018
Reyes, Y., Hamzehlou, S., & Leiza, J. R. (2021). Ostwald ripening in nano/miniemulsions in the presence of two costabilizers as revealed by molecular dynamics simulations. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 335, 116152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116152
Ribeiro, R., Barreto, S., Ostrosky, E., Rocha-Filho, P., Veríssimo, L., & Ferrari, M. (2015). Production and Characterization of Cosmetic Nanoemulsions Containing Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill Extract as Moisturizing Agent. Molecules, 20(2), 2492–2509. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20022492
Ríos, J.-L. (2016). Essential Oils. In Essential Oils in Food Preservation, Flavor and Safety (pp. 3–10). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-416641-7.00001-8
Rodrigues, A. E., Nogueira, I., & Faria, R. P. V. (2021). Perfume and Flavor Engineering: A Chemical Engineering Perspective. Molecules, 26(11), 3095. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113095
Rodriguez, C., Magniez, H., Coletta, D., Quillet, S., & Swoboda, B. (2016). Cosmetic Nanoemulsion (WIPO Patent No. WO2016177704A1). https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/61/7f/ec/cd2bf61d3933c7/WO2016177704A1.pdf
Roessler, B. J., Baker Jr., J. R., Weiner, N. D., Chandrasekharan, R., & Wu, H. L. (2002). Nanoemulsion Formulations (United States Patent Patent No. US2002O155084A1). https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/96/f1/27/9282a0804e84be/US20020155084A1.pdf
Sakulwech, S., Lourith, N., Ruktanonchai, U., & Kanlayavattanakul, M. (2018). Preparation and characterization of nanoparticles from quaternized cyclodextrin-grafted chitosan associated with hyaluronic acid for cosmetics. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 13(5), 498–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2018.05.006
Salama, H. E., & Abdel Aziz, M. S. (2020). Optimized carboxymethyl cellulose and guanidinylated chitosan enriched with titanium oxide nanoparticles of improved UV-barrier properties for the active packaging of green bell pepper. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 165, 1187–1197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.254
Salim, N., Ahmad, N., Musa, S. H., Hashim, R., Tadros, T. F., & Basri, M. (2016). Nanoemulsion as a topical delivery system of antipsoriatic drugs. RSC Advances, 6(8), 6234–6250. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA14946K
Salunkhe, S. S., Bhatia, N. M., Thorat, J. D., Choudhari, P. B., & Bhatia, M. S. (2014). Formulation, development, and evaluation of ibuprofen loaded nanoemulsion prepared by nanoprecipitation technique: Use of factorial design approach as a tool of optimization methodology. Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation, 44(4), 273–290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40005-014-0125-4
Sawant, G., & Bhagwat, G. (2021). Niosomes as An Approach to Improve the Solubility and Bioavailability of BCS Class II Drugs. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 94–101. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2021v13i2.40423
Saxena, C., Chaurasia, L., & Arora, K. (2018). A Review on Comparative Study Between Emulsion, Microemulsion and Nanoemulsion. 8.
SCCS, & Chaudhry, Q. (2016). Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Consumer safety (SCCS) – Second revision of the opinion on carbon black, nano-form, in cosmetic products. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 79, 103–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.02.021
Seo, B.-B., Kwon, Y., Kim, J., Hong, K. H., Kim, S.-E., Song, H.-R., Kim, Y.-M., & Song, S.-C. (2022). Injectable polymeric nanoparticle hydrogel system for long-term anti-inflammatory effect to treat osteoarthritis. Bioactive Materials, 7, 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.028
Setia Budi, H., Javed Ansari, M., Abdalkareem Jasim, S., Kamal Abdelbasset, W., Bokov, D., Fakri Mustafa, Y., Najm, M. A. A., & Kazemnejadi, M. (2022). Preparation of antibacterial Gel/PCL nanofibers reinforced by dicalcium phosphate-modified graphene oxide with control release of clindamycin for possible application in bone tissue engineering. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 109336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109336
Seugling, J., Kuhnen, S., Barros, G. P. de, Velerinho, M. B., Mazzarino, L., & Bricarello, P. A. (2019). Development of Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae) Essential Oil Nanoemulsion and Its Biological Activity on Pre-pupae of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7(6). https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-2150/2019.06.003
Shabreen, O. R., & Sangeetha, S. (2020). Ethosomes: A Novel Drug Delivery System and Their Therapeutic Applications -A Review. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 13(4), 1972. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00355.8
Shahrampour, D., & Razavi, S. M. A. (2023). Fabrication and characterization of novel biodegradable active films based on Eremurus luteus root gum incorporated with nanoemulsions of rosemary essential oil. Progress in Organic Coatings, 175, 107360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2022.107360
Shi, Y., Li, H., Li, J., Zhi, D., Zhang, X., Liu, H., Wang, H., & Li, H. (2015). Development, optimization, and evaluation of emodin loaded nanoemulsion prepared by ultrasonic emulsification. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 27, 46–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2015.04.003
Shojaei, T. R., Salleh, M. A. M., Tabatabaei, M., Mobli, H., Aghbashlo, M., Rashid, S. A., & Tan, T. (2019). Applications of Nanotechnology and Carbon Nanoparticles in Agriculture. In Synthesis, Technology and Applications of Carbon Nanomaterials (pp. 247–277). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815757-2.00011-5
Sikora, E., Małgorzata, M., Wolinska Kennard, K., & Lason, E. (2018). Nanoemulsions as a Form of Perfumery Products. Cosmetics, 5(4), 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics5040063
Silva, A. C. F., Costa, A. M., Ascenso, A., Ribeiro, H. M., Marto, J., Goncalves, L. M., Carvalheiro, M., & Simoes, S. (2020). Nanoemulsions for Cosmetic Products. In Nanocosmetic: Fundamental, Applications and Toxicity (pp. 59–77). Elsevier Inc.
Simonnet, J.-T., Sonneville, O., & Legret, S. (2002). Nanoemulsion Based on Alkyl Ether Citrates and Its Uses in The Cosmetics, Dermatological, Pharmacological and/or Ophthalmological Fields (United States Patent Patent No. US6413527B1). https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/13/b4/f1/ca144a411996b9/US6413527.pdf
Simonnet, J.-T., Sonneville, O., & Legret, S. (2003). Nanoemulsion Based on Glycerol Fatty Esters, and its Uses in The Cosmetics, Dermatological and/or Ophthalmiological Fields (United States Patent Patent No. US6541018B1). https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/64/23/69/0135902d86f61f/US6541018.pdf
Singh, B. K., Chaudhari, A. K., Das, S., Tiwari, S., & Dubey, N. K. (2022). Preparation and characterization of a novel nanoemulsion consisting of chitosan and Cinnamomum tamala essential oil and its effect on shelf-life lengthening of stored millets. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 187, 105214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105214
Sita V G, & Vavia, P. (2020). Bromocriptine Nanoemulsion-Loaded Transdermal Gel: Optimization Using Factorial Design, In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech, 21(3), 80. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-020-1620-8
Solè, I., Maestro, A., González, C., Solans, C., & Gutiérrez, J. M. (2006). Optimization of Nano-emulsion Preparation by Low-Energy Methods in an Ionic Surfactant System. Langmuir, 22(20), 8326–8332. https://doi.org/10.1021/la0613676
Solè, I., Pey, C. M., Maestro, A., González, C., Porras, M., Solans, C., & Gutiérrez, J. M. (2010). Nano-emulsions prepared by the phase inversion composition method: Preparation variables and scale up. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 344(2), 417–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2009.11.046
Sonneville-Aubrun, O., Yukuyama, M. N., & Pizzino, A. (2018). Application of Nanoemulsions in Cosmetics. In Nanoemulsion: Formulation, Applications, and Characterization (pp. 435–475). Elsevier Inc.
Su, D., & Zhong, Q. (2016). Lemon oil nanoemulsions fabricated with sodium caseinate and Tween 20 using phase inversion temperature method. Journal of Food Engineering, 171, 214–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.10.040
Sugumar, S., Mukherjee, A., & Chandrasekaran, N. (2015). Nanoemulsion formation and characterization by spontaneous emulsification: Investigation of its antibacterial effects on Listeria monocytogenes. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics, 9(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-8398.150033
Sugumar, S., Singh, S., Mukherjee, A., & Chandrasekaran, N. (2016). Nanoemulsion of orange oil with nonionic surfactant produced emulsion using ultrasonication technique: Evaluating against food spoilage yeast. Applied Nanoscience, 6(1), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-015-0412-z
Sulaiman, I. S. C., Basri, M., Fard Masoumi, H. R., Ashari, S. E., Basri, H., & Ismail, M. (2017). Predicting the optimum compositions of a transdermal nanoemulsion system containing an extract of Clinacanthus nutans leaves (L.) for skin antiaging by artificial neural network model. Journal of Chemometrics, 31(7), e2894. https://doi.org/10.1002/cem.2894
Tamarkin, D., Besonov, A., Berman, T., Schuz, D., & Gazal, E. (2014). Poloxamer Foamable Pharmaceutical Compositions with Active Agents and/or Therapeutic Cells and Uses (United States Patent Patent No. US8709385B2). https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/fc/e0/77/48e2aa8793c276/US8709385.pdf
Tanzi, L., Terreni, M., & Zhang, Y. (2022). Synthesis and biological application of glyco- and peptide derivatives of fullerene C60. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 230, 114104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114104
Tchakalova, V., & Hafner, V. (2018). Ethanol-Free Microemulsion Perfuming Compositions (United States Patent Patent No. US9976108B2).
Teixeira, M. A., Rodríguez, O., Gomes, P., Mata, V., & Rodrigues, A. E. (Eds.). (2013). Perfume Engineering: Design, Performance and Classification. Butterworth-Heinemann.
Teixeira, M. A., Rodríguez, O., Mata, V. G., & Rodrigues, A. E. (2009). The diffusion of perfume mixtures and the odor performance. Chemical Engineering Science, 64(11), 2570–2589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2009.01.064
Thakur, N., Garg, G., Sharma, P. K., & Kumar, N. (2012). Nanoemulsions: A Review on Various Pharmaceutical Application. 4.
Tian, Y., Guo, Y., & Zhang, W. (2016). Effect of Oil Type Aliphatic Alcohol and Ionic Surfactants on the Formation and Stability of Ceramide 2 Enriched Nanoemulsions. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 37, 1115–1122.
Tiwari, R., Ansari, V. A., & Singh, S. (2015). Liposomes: The Novel Application in Cosmeceuticals. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(06), 26.
Tou, K. A. S., Rehman, K., Ishak, W. M. W., & Zulfakar, M. H. (2019). Influence of Omega Fatty Acids on Skin Permeation of a Coenzyme Q10 Nanoemulsion Cream Formulation: Characterization, in Silico and ex Vivo Determination. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 45(9), 1451–1458. https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2019.1628042
Trimaille, T., Chaix, C., Delair, T., Pichot, C., Teixeira, H., Dubernet, C., & Couvreur, P. (2001). Interfacial deposition of functionalized copolymers onto nanoemulsions produced by the solvent displacement method. Colloid & Polymer Science, 279(8), 784–792. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003960100493
Vittal, A. (2019). Extraction of petrichor and essential oils to produce novelty fragrance products. J. Pharm. Sci., 11, 6.
Walstra, P. (1993). Principles of Emulsion Formation. Chemical Engineering Science, 48(2), 333–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(93)80021-H
Wang, H., Ma, Y., Liu, L., Liu, Y., & Niu, X. (2022). Incorporation of clove essential oil nanoemulsion in chitosan coating to control Burkholderia gladioli and improve postharvest quality of fresh Tremella fuciformis. LWT, 170, 114059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114059
Wiedemann, J., & Kaufhold, A. (2013). Ethanol-Free Perfume Oil Microemulsion (United States Patent Patent No. US8513180B2).
Zarandi, M., Kazemi, M., Mohamadi, Z., & Ghasemzadeh, M. A. (2018). A Novel Approach to Lithol Red Nanopigment by Water in Oil Microemulsion Method. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 268, 460–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2018.07.074
Zhang, L., Zhang, F., Fan, Z., Liu, B., Liu, C., & Meng, X. (2019). DHA and EPA nanoemulsions prepared by the low-energy emulsification method: Process factors influencing droplet size and physicochemical stability. Food Research International, 121, 359–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.03.059
Zhao, S., Tian, G., Zhao, C., Li, C., Bao, Y., DiMarco-Crook, C., Tang, Z., Li, C., Julian McClements, D., Xiao, H., & Zheng, J. (2018). The stability of three different citrus oil-in-water emulsions fabricated by spontaneous emulsification. Food Chemistry, 269, 577–587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.062
Zhou, H., Yue, Y., Liu, G., Li, Y., Zhang, J., Gong, Q., Yan, Z., & Duan, M. (2010). Preparation and Characterization of a Lecithin Nanoemulsion as a Topical Delivery System. Nanoscale Research Letters, 5(1), 224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11671-009-9469-5
Abdulbaqi, M. R., Albadri, A. A., & Abdulelah, F. M. (2019). Nanoemulsion Preparation, Identification and Evaluation Review. Journal of Global Pharma Technology, 11(07), 198–206.
Alkalbani, A. M., Chala, G. T., & Myint, M. T. Z. (2022). Experimental investigation of rheological properties of water-base mud with zinc oxide nanoparticles using response surface methodology. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 208, 109781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2021.109781
Allouche, J. (2013). Synthesis of Organic and Bioorganic Nanoparticles: An Overview of the Preparation Methods. In Nanomaterials: A Danger or a Promise? A Chemical and Biological Perspective (pp. 27–74). Springer-Verlag London.
Argenta, D. F., Mattos, C. B. de, Mitsurini, F. D., Koester, L. S., Bassani, V. L., Simōes, C. M. O., & Teixeira, H. F. (2014). Factorial Design Applied to the Optimization of Lipid Composition of Topical Antiherpetic Nanoemulsions Containing Isoflavone Genistein. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 9, 4737–4747. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S67732
Arianto, A., & Cindy, C. (2019). Preparation and Evaluation of Sunflower Oil Nanoemulsion as Sunscreen. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(22), 3757–3761. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.497
Armstrong, N. A. (2006). Pharmaceutical Experimental Design and Interpretation (0 ed.). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420021455
Arribas, M. P., Soro, P., & Silvestre, J. F. (2013). Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Fragrances: Part 2. Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas, 104(1), 29–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ad.2012.03.005
Asadi, E., Ghadimi, A., Hosseini, S. S., Sadatnia, B., Rostamizadeh, M., & Nadeali, A. (2022). Surfactant-mediated and wet-impregnation approaches for modification of ZIF-8 nanocrystals: Mixed matrix membranes for CO2/CH4 separation. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 329, 111539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2021.111539
Barreto, S. M. A. G., Maia, M. S., Benicá, A. M., de Assis, H. R. B. S., Leite-Silva, V. R., da Rocha-Filho, P. A., de Negreiros, M. M. F., de Oliveira Rocha, H. A., Ostrosky, E. A., Lopes, P. S., de Farias Sales, V. S., Giordani, R. B., & Ferrari, M. (2017). Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo safety of the by-product of Agave sisalana as a new cosmetic raw material: Development and clinical evaluation of a nanoemulsion to improve skin moisturizing. Industrial Crops and Products, 108, 470–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.06.064
Barriga, H. M. G., Holme, M. N., & Stevens, M. M. (2019). Cubosomes: The Next Generation of Smart Lipid Nanoparticles? Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 58(10), 2958–2978. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201804067
Bei, W., Zhou, Y., Xing, X., Zahi, M. R., Li, Y., Yuan, Q., & Liang, H. (2015). Organogel-nanoemulsion containing nisin and D-limonene and its antimicrobial activity. Frontiers in Microbiology, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01010
Bhosale, R. R., Osmani, R. A., Ghodake, P. P., Shaikh, S. M., & Chavan, S. R. (2014). Nanoemulsion: A Review on Novel Profusion in Advanced Drug Delivery. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research, 2(01), 122–127. https://doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.2.1.19
Bleuez, L., & Porcu, M. (2009). Perfume Composition with Reduced Alcohol Content (European Patent Office Patent No. EP2127632A1).
Boughendjioua, H., & Djeddi, S. (2018). Study of The Organoleptic and Physicochemical Properties of Cinnamon Essential Oil (Cinnamomum zeylanicum). American Journal of Life Sciences Research, 6(3), 123–130.
BPOM. (2011). Metode Analisis Penetapan Angka Kapang Khamir dan Uji Angka Lempeng Total dalam Kosmetika. Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan. https://notifkos.pom.go.id/upload/informasi/20170926043308.pdf
Brownlow, B., Nagaraj, V. J., Nayel, A., Joshi, M., & Elbayoumi, T. (2015). Development and In Vitro Evaluation of Vitamin E-Enriched Nanoemulsion Vehicles Loaded with Genistein for Chemoprevention Against UVB-Induced Skin Damage. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 104(10), 3510–3523. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.24547
BSN. (1998). SNI 16-4949-1998: Sediaan Eau de Cologne, Eau de Toilette, Eau de Parfum. badan Standardisasi Nasional.
Cheaburu-Yilmaz, C. N., Karasulu, H. Y., & Yilmaz, O. (2019). Nanoscaled Dispersed Systems Used in Drug-Delivery Applications. In Polymeric Nanomaterials in Nanotherapeutics (pp. 437–468). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813932-5.00013-3
Chime, S. A., Kenechukwu, F. C., & Attama, A. A. (2014). Nanoemulsions—Advances in Formulation, Characterization and Applications in Drug Delivery. In A. D. Sezer (Ed.), Application of Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery. InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/58673
Chisvert, A., López-Nogueroles, M., & Salvador, A. (2018). Perfumes. In Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering (p. B9780124095472140000). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409547-2.14037-5
Christaki, S., Moschakis, T., Hatzikamari, M., & Mourtzinos, I. (2022). Nanoemulsions of oregano essential oil and green extracts: Characterization and application in whey cheese. Food Control, 141, 109190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109190
Chung, S. L., Tan, C.-T., Tuhill, I. M., & Scharpf, L. G. (1994). Transparent Oil in Water Microemulsion Flavor Or Fragrance Concentrate (United States Patent Patent No. US5283056A).
Çinar, K. (2017). A Review On Nanoemulsions: Preparation Methods and Stability. 11.
Cornell, J. A. (2002). Experiments with Mixtures: Designs, Models, and The Analysis of Mixture Data (3rd ed). Wiley.
Cui, G., Wang, J., Wang, X., Li, W., & Zhang, X. (2018). Preparation and Properties of Narrowly Dispersed Polyurethane Nanocapsules Containing Essential Oil via Phase Inversion Emulsification. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 66(41), 10799–10807. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02406
Daraee, H., Etemadi, A., Kouhi, M., Alimirzalu, S., & Akbarzadeh, A. (2016). Application of Liposomes in Medicine and Drug Delivery. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 44(1), 381–391. https://doi.org/10.3109/21691401.2014.953633
Dario, M. F., Viana, A. S., Augusto, O., Linares, E., Gama, R. M., Baby, A. R., & Velasco, M. V. R. (2020). Dyed hair photoprotection efficacy of a quercetin-loaded cationic nanoemulsion. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 204, 111788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111788
De, A., Bose, R., Kumar, A., & Mozumdar, S. (2014). Nanoparticulate Delivery Systems. In A. De, R. Bose, A. Kumar, & S. Mozumdar, Targeted Delivery of Pesticides Using Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles (pp. 37–57). Springer India. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1689-6_10
Ding, S., Anton, N., Akram, S., Er-Rafik, M., Anton, H., Klymchenko, A., Yu, W., Vandamme, T. F., & Serra, C. A. (2017). A new method for the formulation of double nano-emulsion. Soft Matter, 13(8), 1660–1669. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6SM02603F
Dong, W., Su, J., Chen, Y., Xu, D., Cheng, L., Mao, L., Gao, Y., & Yuan, F. (2022). Characterization and antioxidant properties of chitosan film incorporated with modified silica nanoparticles as an active food packaging. Food Chemistry, 373, 131414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131414
Đorđević, S. M., Cekić, N. D., Savić, M. M., Isailović, T. M., Ranđelović, D. V., Marković, B. D., Savić, S. R., Stamenić, T. T., Daniels, R., & Savić, S. D. (2015). Parenteral nanoemulsions as promising carriers for brain delivery of risperidone: Design, characterization, and in vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 493(1–2), 40–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.07.007
Dumanois, M., & Gueyne, N. (2003). Alcohol Free-Base for Aqueous Perfume Composition (United States Patent Patent No. US20030186836A1).
Eccleston, G. M. (2006). Emulsions and Microemulsions. In Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology (Vol. 3, pp. 1548–1565). Informa Healthcare.
Eid, A. M., Elmarzugi, N. A., & El-Enshasy, H. A. (2013). Development of Avocado oil Nanoemulsion Hydrogel using Sucrose Ester Stearate. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 3(12), 145–147.
Elgammal, M., Schneider, R., & Gradzielski, M. (2015). Preparation of latex nanoparticles using nanoemulsions obtained by the phase inversion composition (PIC) method and their application in textile printing. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 470, 70–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.01.064
Falleh, H., Ben Jemaa, M., Neves, M. A., Isoda, H., Nakajima, M., & Ksouri, R. (2021). Peppermint and Myrtle nanoemulsions: Formulation, stability, and antimicrobial activity. LWT, 152, 112377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112377
Fernandes, P. A., & Yukuyama, M. N. (2015). Cosmetic Compositions in The Form of Oil-in-water Nanoemulsions, Comprising Solid Fatty Alcohol(s), Liquid Fatty Ester(s), Other Oil(s) and Non-ionic Surfactant(s) (WIPO Patent No. WO2015066777A1). https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2015066777A1/en
Fernandez, P., André, V., Rieger, J., & Kühnle, A. (2004). Nano-emulsion formation by emulsion phase inversion. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 251(1–3), 53–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.09.029
Fytianos, G., Rahdar, A., & Kyzas, G. Z. (2020). Nanomaterials in Cosmetics: Recent Updates. Nanomaterials, 10(5), 979. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10050979
Ghalehkhondabi, V., Fazlali, A., & Soleymani, M. (2022). Folic acid-conjugated pH-responsive poly (methacrylic acid) nanospheres for targeted delivery of anticancer drugs to breast cancer cells. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 348, 118028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118028
Ghosh, V., Mukherjee, A., & Chandrasekaran, N. (2013). Ultrasonic emulsification of food-grade nanoemulsion formulation and evaluation of its bactericidal activity. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 20(1), 338–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.08.010
Goh, P., Ng, M., Choo, Y., Amru, N., & Chuah, C. (2015). Production of Nanoemulsions from Palm-Based Tocotrienol Rich Fraction by Microfluidization. Molecules, 20(11), 19936–19946. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules201119666
Gomes, P. B., Mata, V. G., & Rodrigues, A. E. (2008). Experimental validation of perfumery ternary diagram® methodology. AIChE Journal, 54(1), 310–320. https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.11353
Gopalakrishnan, A. M., Kundu, A. K., Mandal, T. K., & Kumar, N. (2013). Novel Nanosomes for Gene Delivery to Plasmodium falciparum-infected Red Blood Cells. Scientific Reports, 3(1), 1534. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01534
Gorjian, H., Mihankhah, P., & Khaligh, N. G. (2022). Influence of tween nature and type on physicochemical properties and stability of spearmint essential oil (Mentha spicata L.) stabilized with basil seed mucilage nanoemulsion. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 359, 119379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119379
Guenin, E. P., Trotzinka, K. A., Smith, L. C., Warren, C. B., Munteanu, M. A., Chung, S. L., & Tan, C.-T. (1995). Alcohol Free Perfume (United States Patent Patent No. US5468725A).
Gurpret, K., & Singh, S. K. (2018). Review of Nanoemulsion Formulation and Characterization Techniques. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 80(5). https://doi.org/10.4172/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000422
Gut, K., Kennard, K. W., Sikora, E., Miastkowska, M., & Lason, E. (2020). Method for Manufacturing an Alcohol-Free Perfume (European Patent Office Patent No. EP3586820A1).
Gwak, M. A., Hong, B. M., & Park, W. H. (2021). Hyaluronic acid/tannic acid hydrogel sunscreen with excellent anti-UV, antioxidant, and cooling effects. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 191, 918–924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.169
Hagos, Z., Mulugeta, A., V. K. Gopalakrishnan, K. Krishna Chaithanya, & B. Nagaraju. (2017). Chemical Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Essential Oil from Myrtus communis. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 9(6), 439–443.
Handley, J., & Burrows, D. (1994). Allergic Contact Dermatitis from Synthetic Fragrances Lyral and Acetyl Cedrene in Separate Underarm Deodorant Preparations. Contact Dermatitis, 31, 288–290.
Hanifah, M., & Jufri, M. (2018). Formulation and Stability Testing of Nanoemulsion Lotion Containing Centella asiatica Extract. Journal of Young Pharmacists, 10(4), 404–408. https://doi.org/10.5530/jyp.2018.10.89
Hardoyono, F. (2017). Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sensor Aromatik Sebagai Alat Deteksi Alkohol Pada Parfum dan Wewangian Untuk Autentikasi Produk Parfum Halal. Jurnal Penelitian Agama, 18(2), 302–322. https://doi.org/10.24090/jpa.v18i2.2017.pp302-322
Harrison, M. E., Vosnaki, E., Biebel, J., Miguel Matos, & El-Latif, R. A. (2018). Best in Show: Melon [Business]. Best in Show: Melon (2018). https://www.fragrantica.com/news/Best-in-Show-Vanilla-For-Vanilla-Lovers-Vanilla-Haters-11274.html
Hendriks, S. A., Bousema, M. T., & Ginkel, van C. J. (1999). Allergic Contact Dermatitis rom the Fragrance Ingredient Lyral in Underarm Deodorant. Contact Dermatitis, 41, 119.
Himeno, T., Konno, Y., & Naito, N. (2017). Liposomes for Cosmetics. In Cosmetic Science and Technology: Theoretical Principles and Applications (pp. 539–549). Elsevier Inc.
Huang, B., Zhang, Z., Ding, N., Zhuang, Y., Zhang, G., & Fei, P. (2022). Preparation of Acylated chitosan with Caffeic Acid in Non-enzymatic and Enzymatic Systems: Characterization and Application in Pork Preservation. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 194, 246–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.193
Huber, B., & Burfeindt, J. (2019). Nanotechnology in Cosmetics. In Nanocosmetic: From Ideas to Products (p. 17). Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ICH. (2017). ICH Guideline Q8 (R2) on Pharmaceutical Development. European Medicines Agency. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/scientific-guideline/international-conference-harmonisation-technical-requirements-registration-pharmaceuticals-human-use_en-11.pdf
ISO. (1998a). ISO 279-1998: Essential oils—Determination of relative density at 20°C - Reference method. International Organization for Standardization. https://www.iso.org/standard/25308.html
ISO. (1998b). ISO 3960-1998: Animal and vegetable fats and oils - Determination of peroxide value. International Organization for Standardization. https://cdn.standards.iteh.ai/samples/27305/744e8cb9ab4648fdade1b49652e37d54/ISO-3960-1998.pdf
Ito, T., Tsuji, Y., Aramaki, K., & Tonooka, N. (2012). Two-step Emulsification Process for Water-in-Oil-in-Water Multiple Emulsions Stabilized by Lamellar Liquid Crystals. Journal of Oleo Science, 61(8), 413–420. https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.61.413
Jafari, A., Anarjan, N., & Jafarizadeh-Malmiri, H. (2019). Effects of Rotation Speed and Time, as Solvent Removal Parameters, on The Physico-chemical Properties of Prepared α-tocopherol Nanoemulsions Using solvent-displacement Technique. Food Science and Biotechnology, 29, 371–378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-019-00675-9
Jafari, S. M., He, Y., & Bhandari, B. (2007). Production of sub-micron emulsions by ultrasound and microfluidization techniques. Journal of Food Engineering, 82(4), 478–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.03.007
Jafari, S. M., Paximada, P., Mandala, I., Assadpour, E., & Mehrnia, M. A. (2017). Encapsulation by Nanoemulsions. In Nanoencapsulation Technologies for The Food and Nutraceuticsal Industries (pp. 36–37). Elsevier Inc.
Jain, G. K., Ahmad, F. J., & Khar, R. K. (2012). Pharmaceutical Rheology. In Theory and Practice of Physical Pharmacy (First, pp. 126–130). Elsevier Inc. https://www.elsevier.com/books/theory-and-practice-of-physical-pharmacy/jain/978-81-312-2824-1
Jain, S. S., Jagtap, P. S., Dand, N. M., Jadhav, K. R., & Kadam, V. J. (2012). Aquasomes: A Novel Drug Carrier. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2(1), 184–192.
Jaiswal, M., Dudhe, R., & Sharma, P. K. (2015). Nanoemulsion: An advanced mode of drug delivery system. 3 Biotech, 5(2), 123–127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-014-0214-0
Kang, Z., Chen, S., Zhou, Y., Ullah, S., & Liang, H. (2022). Rational construction of citrus essential oil nanoemulsion with robust stability and high antimicrobial activity based on combination of emulsifiers. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 80, 103110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103110
Karami, P., Aktij, S. A., Khorshidi, B., Firouzjaei, M. D., Asad, A., Elliott, M., Rahimpour, A., Soares, J. B. P., & Sadrzadeh, M. (2022). Nanodiamond-decorated thin film composite membranes with antifouling and antibacterial properties. Desalination, 522, 115436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2021.115436
Karthik, P., Ishwarya, S. P., & Anandharamakrishnan, C. (2018). Droplet coalescence as a potential marker for physicochemical fate of nanoemulsions during in-vitro small intestine digestion. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 553, 278–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.05.066
Kazemi, M., Mohammadifar, M., Aghadavoud, E., Vakili, Z., Aarabi, M. H., & Talaei, S. A. (2020). Deep skin wound healing potential of lavender essential oil and licorice extract in a nanoemulsion form: Biochemical, histopathological and gene expression evidence. Journal of Tissue Viability, 29(2), 116–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtv.2020.03.004
Koester, L., Mattos, C., Argenta, D., Melchiades, G., Cordeiro, M., Tonini, M., Moraes, M., Weber, T., Roman, S., Nunes, R., Teixeira, H., & Steindel, M. (2015). Nanoemulsions containing a synthetic chalcone as an alternative for treating cutaneous leshmaniasis: Optimization using a full factorial design. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 5529. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S83929
Lago, A. M. T., Neves, I. C. O., Oliveira, N. L., Botrel, D. A., Minim, L. A., & de Resende, J. V. (2019). Ultrasound-assisted oil-in-water nanoemulsion produced from Pereskia aculeata Miller mucilage. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 50, 339–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.09.036
Laxmi, M., Bhardwaj, A., Mehta, S., & Mehta, A. (2015). Development and characterization of nanoemulsion as carrier for the enhancement of bioavailability of artemether. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 43(5), 334–344. https://doi.org/10.3109/21691401.2014.887018
Le, X.-T., Tuan Le, M., Manh Do, V., Minh Bui, Q., Tam Nguyen, A., Cuong Luu, X., & Nhat Do, D. (2022). Fabrication of cajeput essential oil nanoemulsions by phase inversion temperature process. Materials Today: Proceedings, 59, 1178–1182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.03.190
Li, H., Lu, H., Zhang, Y., Liu, D., & Chen, J. (2021). Oil-in-water nanoemulsion with reversible charge prepared by the phase inversion composition method. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 336, 116174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116174
Li, P.-H., & Chiang, B.-H. (2011). Process optimization and stability of d-limonene-in-water nanoemulsions prepared by ultrasonic emulsification using response surface methodology. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 19(1), 192–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.05.017
Li, Y., Zhang, Z., Yuan, Q., Liang, H., & Vriesekoop, F. (2013). Process optimization and stability of d-limonene nanoemulsions prepared by catastrophic phase inversion method. Journal of Food Engineering, 119(3), 419–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.06.001
Liew, S. N., Utra, U., Alias, A. K., Tan, T. B., Tan, C. P., & Yussof, N. S. (2020). Physical, morphological, and antibacterial properties of lime essential oil nanoemulsions prepared via spontaneous emulsification method. LWT, 128, 109388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109388
Ling, T., Jiang, Z., Yang, X., Li, P., Li, J., Ren, X., & Guo, C. (2022). Synthesis, Surface Properties, Aggregation Behavior of Oleyl Ether Sulfates and Their Application to Liquid Crystal Emulsion. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 642, 128655.
Liu, X., Chen, L., Kang, Y., He, D., Yang, B., & Wu, K. (2021). Cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsions by high-pressure homogenization: Formulation, stability, and antimicrobial activity. LWT, 147, 111660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111660
Lopes, L. (2014). Overcoming the Cutaneous Barrier with Microemulsions. Pharmaceutics, 6(1), 52–77. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics6010052
Maestro, A., Solè, I., González, C., Solans, C., & Gutiérrez, J. M. (2008). Influence of the phase behavior on the properties of ionic nanoemulsions prepared by the phase inversion composition method. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 327(2), 433–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2008.07.059
Mahdi, E. S., Sakeena, M. H. F., Abdulkarim, M., Sattar, M., Noor, A. M., & Abdullah, G. (2011). Formulation and in vitro release evaluation of newly synthesized palm kernel oil esters-based nanoemulsion delivery system for 30% ethanolic dried extract derived from local Phyllanthus urinaria for skin antiaging. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 2499. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S22337
Manaa, A. O., Baghdadi, H. H., El‐Nikhely, N. A., Heikal, L. A., & El-Hosseiny, L. S. (2022). Oregano oil-nanoemulsions: Formulation and evaluation of antibacterial and anticancer potentials. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 78, 103978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103978
Manzo, R. P., & Kennedy, D. M. (1998). Non-alcoholic Perfume or Cologne (United States Patent Patent No. US5736505A).
Marcus, J., Klossek, M. L., Touraud, D., & Kunz, W. (2013). Nano-droplet formation in fragrance tinctures: Nano-droplet formation in fragrance tinctures. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 28(5), 294–299. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3172
Mata, V. G., Gomes, P. B., & Rodrigues, A. E. (2005a). Effect of Nonidealities in Perfume Mixtures Using the Perfumery Ternary Diagrams (PTD) Concept. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 44(12), 4435–4441. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie048760w
Mata, V. G., Gomes, P. B., & Rodrigues, A. E. (2005b). Perfumery Ternary Diagrams (PTD): A New Concept Applied to The Optimization of Perfume Compositions. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 20(5), 465–471. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1590
Mata, V. G., Gomes, P. B., & Rodrigues, A. E. (2005c). Engineering Perfumes. AIChE Journal, 51(10), 2834–2852. https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.10530
Mayer, S., Weiss, J., & McClements, D. J. (2013). Vitamin E-enriched nanoemulsions formed by emulsion phase inversion: Factors influencing droplet size and stability. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 402, 122–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2013.04.016
McClements, D. J. (2011). Edible nanoemulsions: Fabrication, properties, and functional performance. Soft Matter, 7(6), 2297–2316. https://doi.org/10.1039/C0SM00549E
McClements, D. J., & Jafari, S. M. (2018). General Aspects of Nanoemulsions and Their Formulation. In Nanoemulsions: Formulation, Application, and Characterization (p. 4). Elsevier Inc.
McClements, D. J., & Rao, J. (2011). Food-Grade Nanoemulsions: Formulation, Fabrication, Properties, Performance, Biological Fate, and Potential Toxicity. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 51(4), 285–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2011.559558
Mehmood, T., Ahmed, A., Ahmed, Z., & Ahmad, M. S. (2019). Optimization of soya lecithin and Tween 80 based novel vitamin D nanoemulsions prepared by ultrasonication using response surface methodology. Food Chemistry, 289, 664–670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.112
Miastkowska, M., & Lasoń, E. (2020). Water-based nanoperfumes. In Nanocosmetics (pp. 173–183). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822286-7.00007-3
Miastkowska, M., Lasoń, E., Sikora, E., & Wolińska-Kennard, K. (2018). Preparation and Characterization of Water-Based Nano-Perfumes. Nanomaterials, 8(981), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8120981
Mirsharifi, S. M., Sami, M., Jazaeri, M., & Rezaei, A. (2023). Production, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of almond gum/polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan composite films containing thyme essential oil nanoemulsion for extending the shelf-life of chicken breast fillets. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 227, 405–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.183
Mishra, A., Panola, R., & Rana, A. C. (2014). Microemulsions: As Drug Delivery System. Journal of Scientific & Innovation Research, 3(4), 8.
Mishra, P., Handa, M., Ujjwal, R. R., Singh, V., Kesharwani, P., & Shukla, R. (2021). Potential of nanoparticulate based delivery systems for effective management of alopecia. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 208, 112050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112050
Mitra Firoozy & Navideh Anarjan. (2019). Preparation of Maltodextrin Stabilized α-tocopherol Nanoemulsions Using Solvent-displacement Technique. Food Science and Technology International, 25(5), 404–413. https://doi.org/10.1177/1082013219825893
Montgomery, D. C. (2017). Design and Analysis of Experiments (Ninth Edition). John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Morganti, P. (2020). Nanocosmetics: An Introduction. In Nanocosmetic: Fundamental, Applications and Toxicity (p. 3). Elsevier Inc.
MUI. (2009). Hukum Alkohol. Komisi Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia. http://www.mui.or.id/wp-content/uploads/files/fatwa/Hukum-Alkohol.pdf
Nafisi, S., & Maibach, H. I. (2017). Nanotechnology in Cosmetics. In Cosmetic Science and Technology (pp. 337–369). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802005-0.00022-7
Naseri, N., Valizadeh, H., & Zakeri-Milani, P. (2015). Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: Structure, Preparation and Application. Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 5(3), 305–313. https://doi.org/10.15171/apb.2015.043
Nastiti, C., Ponto, T., Abd, E., Grice, J., Benson, H., & Roberts, M. (2017). Topical Nano and Microemulsions for Skin Delivery. Pharmaceutics, 9(4), 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics9040037
Ngan, C. L., Basri, M., Tripathy, M., Abedi Karjiban, R., & Abdul-Malek, E. (2015). Skin intervention of fullerene-integrated nanoemulsion in structural and collagen regeneration against skin aging. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 70, 22–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2015.01.006
Okamoto, T., Tomomasa, S., & Nakajima, H. (2016). Preparation and Thermal Properties of Fatty Alcohol/Surfactant/Oil/Water Nanoemulsions and Their Cosmetic Applications. Journal of Oleo Science, 65(1), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.ess15183
Opatha, S. A. T., Titapiwatanakun, V., & Chutoprapat, R. (2020). Transfersomes: A Promising Nanoencapsulation Technique for Transdermal Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics, 12(9), 855. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12090855
Orellana, S. L., Torres-Gallegos, C., Araya-Hermosilla, R., Oyarzun-Ampuero, F., & Moreno-Villoslada, I. (2015). Association Efficiency of Three Ionic Forms of Oxytetracycline to Cationic and Anionic Oil-In-Water Nanoemulsions Analyzed by Diafiltration. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 104(3), 1141–1152. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.24255
O’rourke, B., & Short, J. (1994). Perfume Composition (World Intellectual Property Organization Patent No. WO9407461A1).
Pandey, P. K., Maheshwari, R., Raval, N., Gondaliya, P., Kalia, K., & Tekade, R. K. (2019). Nanogold-core multifunctional dendrimer for pulsatile chemo-, photothermal- and photodynamic- therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 544, 61–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2019.02.073
Peng, G., Huma, Z.-, Umair, M., Hussain, I., & Javed, I. (2020). Nanosilver at the interface of biomedical applications, toxicology, and synthetic strategies. In Metal Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery and Diagnostic Applications (pp. 119–139). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816960-5.00008-2
Pengon, S., Chinatangkul, N., Limmatvapirat, C., & Limmatvapirat, S. (2018). The effect of surfactant on the physical properties of coconut oil nanoemulsions. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 13(5), 409–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2018.02.005
Pepakayala, H., Battu, G., Pidaparthy, L. M., Pilaka, S., Devi, A., Vasu, P., & Thulluru, A. (2021). A Review on Ultrasome Drug Delivery Systems. International Journal of Biomedical Nanoletters, 1, 17–21.
Piechocki, C., & Shick, R. A. (2005). Ethanol-Free Aqueous Perfume Composition (World Intellectual Property Organization Patent No. WO2005123028A1).
Pleguezuelos-Villa, M., Nácher, A., Hernández, M. J., Ofelia Vila Buso, M. A., Ruiz Sauri, A., & Díez-Sales, O. (2019). Mangiferin nanoemulsions in treatment of inflammatory disorders and skin regeneration. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 564, 299–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.056
Praça, F. S. G., Medina, W. S. G., Eloy, J. O., Petrilli, R., Campos, P. M., Ascenso, A., & Bentley, M. V. L. B. (2018). Evaluation of critical parameters for in vitro skin permeation and penetration studies using animal skin models. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 111, 121–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2017.09.034
Prasad, J., Das, S., Maurya, A., Jain, S. K., & Dwivedy, A. K. (2022). Synthesis, characterization and in situ bioefficacy evaluation of Cymbopogon nardus essential oil impregnated chitosan nanoemulsion against fungal infestation and aflatoxin B1 contamination in food system. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 205, 240–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.060
Quemin, E. (2003). Translucent Nanoemulsion, Production Method, and Uses Thereof in The Cosmetic, Dermatological and/or Opthalmological Fields (United States Patent Patent No. US20030087967A1). https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/b4/4e/28/96198622fa65eb/US20030087967A1.pdf
Raj, S., Sumod, U., Jose, S., & Sabitha, M. (2012). Nanotechnology in Cosmetics: Opportunities and Challenges. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 4(3), 186. https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.99016
Reeder, M. J. (2020). Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Fragrances. Dermatologic Clinics, 38, 371–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.det.2020.02.009
Rege, S., Momin, S., & Bhowmick, D. (2015). Effect of Ascorbic Acid on the Oxidative Stability of Water-In-Oil Emulsion in the Presence of Lipophilic Antioxidants. International Journal of Food Properties, 18(2), 259–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2012.675609
Ren, G., Sun, Z., Wang, Z., Zheng, X., Xu, Z., & Sun, D. (2019). Nanoemulsion formation by the phase inversion temperature method using polyoxypropylene surfactants. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 540, 177–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2019.01.018
Reyes, Y., Hamzehlou, S., & Leiza, J. R. (2021). Ostwald ripening in nano/miniemulsions in the presence of two costabilizers as revealed by molecular dynamics simulations. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 335, 116152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116152
Ribeiro, R., Barreto, S., Ostrosky, E., Rocha-Filho, P., Veríssimo, L., & Ferrari, M. (2015). Production and Characterization of Cosmetic Nanoemulsions Containing Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill Extract as Moisturizing Agent. Molecules, 20(2), 2492–2509. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20022492
Ríos, J.-L. (2016). Essential Oils. In Essential Oils in Food Preservation, Flavor and Safety (pp. 3–10). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-416641-7.00001-8
Rodrigues, A. E., Nogueira, I., & Faria, R. P. V. (2021). Perfume and Flavor Engineering: A Chemical Engineering Perspective. Molecules, 26(11), 3095. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113095
Rodriguez, C., Magniez, H., Coletta, D., Quillet, S., & Swoboda, B. (2016). Cosmetic Nanoemulsion (WIPO Patent No. WO2016177704A1). https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/61/7f/ec/cd2bf61d3933c7/WO2016177704A1.pdf
Roessler, B. J., Baker Jr., J. R., Weiner, N. D., Chandrasekharan, R., & Wu, H. L. (2002). Nanoemulsion Formulations (United States Patent Patent No. US2002O155084A1). https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/96/f1/27/9282a0804e84be/US20020155084A1.pdf
Sakulwech, S., Lourith, N., Ruktanonchai, U., & Kanlayavattanakul, M. (2018). Preparation and characterization of nanoparticles from quaternized cyclodextrin-grafted chitosan associated with hyaluronic acid for cosmetics. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 13(5), 498–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2018.05.006
Salama, H. E., & Abdel Aziz, M. S. (2020). Optimized carboxymethyl cellulose and guanidinylated chitosan enriched with titanium oxide nanoparticles of improved UV-barrier properties for the active packaging of green bell pepper. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 165, 1187–1197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.254
Salim, N., Ahmad, N., Musa, S. H., Hashim, R., Tadros, T. F., & Basri, M. (2016). Nanoemulsion as a topical delivery system of antipsoriatic drugs. RSC Advances, 6(8), 6234–6250. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA14946K
Salunkhe, S. S., Bhatia, N. M., Thorat, J. D., Choudhari, P. B., & Bhatia, M. S. (2014). Formulation, development, and evaluation of ibuprofen loaded nanoemulsion prepared by nanoprecipitation technique: Use of factorial design approach as a tool of optimization methodology. Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation, 44(4), 273–290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40005-014-0125-4
Sawant, G., & Bhagwat, G. (2021). Niosomes as An Approach to Improve the Solubility and Bioavailability of BCS Class II Drugs. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 94–101. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2021v13i2.40423
Saxena, C., Chaurasia, L., & Arora, K. (2018). A Review on Comparative Study Between Emulsion, Microemulsion and Nanoemulsion. 8.
SCCS, & Chaudhry, Q. (2016). Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Consumer safety (SCCS) – Second revision of the opinion on carbon black, nano-form, in cosmetic products. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 79, 103–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.02.021
Seo, B.-B., Kwon, Y., Kim, J., Hong, K. H., Kim, S.-E., Song, H.-R., Kim, Y.-M., & Song, S.-C. (2022). Injectable polymeric nanoparticle hydrogel system for long-term anti-inflammatory effect to treat osteoarthritis. Bioactive Materials, 7, 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.028
Setia Budi, H., Javed Ansari, M., Abdalkareem Jasim, S., Kamal Abdelbasset, W., Bokov, D., Fakri Mustafa, Y., Najm, M. A. A., & Kazemnejadi, M. (2022). Preparation of antibacterial Gel/PCL nanofibers reinforced by dicalcium phosphate-modified graphene oxide with control release of clindamycin for possible application in bone tissue engineering. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 109336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109336
Seugling, J., Kuhnen, S., Barros, G. P. de, Velerinho, M. B., Mazzarino, L., & Bricarello, P. A. (2019). Development of Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae) Essential Oil Nanoemulsion and Its Biological Activity on Pre-pupae of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7(6). https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-2150/2019.06.003
Shabreen, O. R., & Sangeetha, S. (2020). Ethosomes: A Novel Drug Delivery System and Their Therapeutic Applications -A Review. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 13(4), 1972. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00355.8
Shahrampour, D., & Razavi, S. M. A. (2023). Fabrication and characterization of novel biodegradable active films based on Eremurus luteus root gum incorporated with nanoemulsions of rosemary essential oil. Progress in Organic Coatings, 175, 107360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2022.107360
Shi, Y., Li, H., Li, J., Zhi, D., Zhang, X., Liu, H., Wang, H., & Li, H. (2015). Development, optimization, and evaluation of emodin loaded nanoemulsion prepared by ultrasonic emulsification. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 27, 46–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2015.04.003
Shojaei, T. R., Salleh, M. A. M., Tabatabaei, M., Mobli, H., Aghbashlo, M., Rashid, S. A., & Tan, T. (2019). Applications of Nanotechnology and Carbon Nanoparticles in Agriculture. In Synthesis, Technology and Applications of Carbon Nanomaterials (pp. 247–277). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815757-2.00011-5
Sikora, E., Małgorzata, M., Wolinska Kennard, K., & Lason, E. (2018). Nanoemulsions as a Form of Perfumery Products. Cosmetics, 5(4), 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics5040063
Silva, A. C. F., Costa, A. M., Ascenso, A., Ribeiro, H. M., Marto, J., Goncalves, L. M., Carvalheiro, M., & Simoes, S. (2020). Nanoemulsions for Cosmetic Products. In Nanocosmetic: Fundamental, Applications and Toxicity (pp. 59–77). Elsevier Inc.
Simonnet, J.-T., Sonneville, O., & Legret, S. (2002). Nanoemulsion Based on Alkyl Ether Citrates and Its Uses in The Cosmetics, Dermatological, Pharmacological and/or Ophthalmological Fields (United States Patent Patent No. US6413527B1). https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/13/b4/f1/ca144a411996b9/US6413527.pdf
Simonnet, J.-T., Sonneville, O., & Legret, S. (2003). Nanoemulsion Based on Glycerol Fatty Esters, and its Uses in The Cosmetics, Dermatological and/or Ophthalmiological Fields (United States Patent Patent No. US6541018B1). https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/64/23/69/0135902d86f61f/US6541018.pdf
Singh, B. K., Chaudhari, A. K., Das, S., Tiwari, S., & Dubey, N. K. (2022). Preparation and characterization of a novel nanoemulsion consisting of chitosan and Cinnamomum tamala essential oil and its effect on shelf-life lengthening of stored millets. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 187, 105214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105214
Sita V G, & Vavia, P. (2020). Bromocriptine Nanoemulsion-Loaded Transdermal Gel: Optimization Using Factorial Design, In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech, 21(3), 80. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-020-1620-8
Solè, I., Maestro, A., González, C., Solans, C., & Gutiérrez, J. M. (2006). Optimization of Nano-emulsion Preparation by Low-Energy Methods in an Ionic Surfactant System. Langmuir, 22(20), 8326–8332. https://doi.org/10.1021/la0613676
Solè, I., Pey, C. M., Maestro, A., González, C., Porras, M., Solans, C., & Gutiérrez, J. M. (2010). Nano-emulsions prepared by the phase inversion composition method: Preparation variables and scale up. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 344(2), 417–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2009.11.046
Sonneville-Aubrun, O., Yukuyama, M. N., & Pizzino, A. (2018). Application of Nanoemulsions in Cosmetics. In Nanoemulsion: Formulation, Applications, and Characterization (pp. 435–475). Elsevier Inc.
Su, D., & Zhong, Q. (2016). Lemon oil nanoemulsions fabricated with sodium caseinate and Tween 20 using phase inversion temperature method. Journal of Food Engineering, 171, 214–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.10.040
Sugumar, S., Mukherjee, A., & Chandrasekaran, N. (2015). Nanoemulsion formation and characterization by spontaneous emulsification: Investigation of its antibacterial effects on Listeria monocytogenes. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics, 9(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-8398.150033
Sugumar, S., Singh, S., Mukherjee, A., & Chandrasekaran, N. (2016). Nanoemulsion of orange oil with nonionic surfactant produced emulsion using ultrasonication technique: Evaluating against food spoilage yeast. Applied Nanoscience, 6(1), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-015-0412-z
Sulaiman, I. S. C., Basri, M., Fard Masoumi, H. R., Ashari, S. E., Basri, H., & Ismail, M. (2017). Predicting the optimum compositions of a transdermal nanoemulsion system containing an extract of Clinacanthus nutans leaves (L.) for skin antiaging by artificial neural network model. Journal of Chemometrics, 31(7), e2894. https://doi.org/10.1002/cem.2894
Tamarkin, D., Besonov, A., Berman, T., Schuz, D., & Gazal, E. (2014). Poloxamer Foamable Pharmaceutical Compositions with Active Agents and/or Therapeutic Cells and Uses (United States Patent Patent No. US8709385B2). https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/fc/e0/77/48e2aa8793c276/US8709385.pdf
Tanzi, L., Terreni, M., & Zhang, Y. (2022). Synthesis and biological application of glyco- and peptide derivatives of fullerene C60. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 230, 114104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114104
Tchakalova, V., & Hafner, V. (2018). Ethanol-Free Microemulsion Perfuming Compositions (United States Patent Patent No. US9976108B2).
Teixeira, M. A., Rodríguez, O., Gomes, P., Mata, V., & Rodrigues, A. E. (Eds.). (2013). Perfume Engineering: Design, Performance and Classification. Butterworth-Heinemann.
Teixeira, M. A., Rodríguez, O., Mata, V. G., & Rodrigues, A. E. (2009). The diffusion of perfume mixtures and the odor performance. Chemical Engineering Science, 64(11), 2570–2589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2009.01.064
Thakur, N., Garg, G., Sharma, P. K., & Kumar, N. (2012). Nanoemulsions: A Review on Various Pharmaceutical Application. 4.
Tian, Y., Guo, Y., & Zhang, W. (2016). Effect of Oil Type Aliphatic Alcohol and Ionic Surfactants on the Formation and Stability of Ceramide 2 Enriched Nanoemulsions. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 37, 1115–1122.
Tiwari, R., Ansari, V. A., & Singh, S. (2015). Liposomes: The Novel Application in Cosmeceuticals. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(06), 26.
Tou, K. A. S., Rehman, K., Ishak, W. M. W., & Zulfakar, M. H. (2019). Influence of Omega Fatty Acids on Skin Permeation of a Coenzyme Q10 Nanoemulsion Cream Formulation: Characterization, in Silico and ex Vivo Determination. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 45(9), 1451–1458. https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2019.1628042
Trimaille, T., Chaix, C., Delair, T., Pichot, C., Teixeira, H., Dubernet, C., & Couvreur, P. (2001). Interfacial deposition of functionalized copolymers onto nanoemulsions produced by the solvent displacement method. Colloid & Polymer Science, 279(8), 784–792. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003960100493
Vittal, A. (2019). Extraction of petrichor and essential oils to produce novelty fragrance products. J. Pharm. Sci., 11, 6.
Walstra, P. (1993). Principles of Emulsion Formation. Chemical Engineering Science, 48(2), 333–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(93)80021-H
Wang, H., Ma, Y., Liu, L., Liu, Y., & Niu, X. (2022). Incorporation of clove essential oil nanoemulsion in chitosan coating to control Burkholderia gladioli and improve postharvest quality of fresh Tremella fuciformis. LWT, 170, 114059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114059
Wiedemann, J., & Kaufhold, A. (2013). Ethanol-Free Perfume Oil Microemulsion (United States Patent Patent No. US8513180B2).
Zarandi, M., Kazemi, M., Mohamadi, Z., & Ghasemzadeh, M. A. (2018). A Novel Approach to Lithol Red Nanopigment by Water in Oil Microemulsion Method. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 268, 460–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2018.07.074
Zhang, L., Zhang, F., Fan, Z., Liu, B., Liu, C., & Meng, X. (2019). DHA and EPA nanoemulsions prepared by the low-energy emulsification method: Process factors influencing droplet size and physicochemical stability. Food Research International, 121, 359–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.03.059
Zhao, S., Tian, G., Zhao, C., Li, C., Bao, Y., DiMarco-Crook, C., Tang, Z., Li, C., Julian McClements, D., Xiao, H., & Zheng, J. (2018). The stability of three different citrus oil-in-water emulsions fabricated by spontaneous emulsification. Food Chemistry, 269, 577–587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.062
Zhou, H., Yue, Y., Liu, G., Li, Y., Zhang, J., Gong, Q., Yan, Z., & Duan, M. (2010). Preparation and Characterization of a Lecithin Nanoemulsion as a Topical Delivery System. Nanoscale Research Letters, 5(1), 224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11671-009-9469-5
Published
2023-09-04
How to Cite
Gunawan, I., Daryono, B. S., Noviana, E., & Sulaiman, T. N. S. (2023). Nano-Perfumes As A Fragrance Carrier: Their Brief History, Essential Aspects, Development, Preparation Methods, Characteristics, And Future Perspectives. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy, 34(3), 395–418. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.6652
Issue
Section
Review Article
