Hepatoprotective Effect of Banana Peel Flour on Histological and Liver Function in Diabetic Rats
Keywords:
diabetes mellitus, NAFLD, banana peel flour, liver function
Abstract
In diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely linked to hyperglycemia metabolism. This study aimed to find out how a banana peel supplemented diet affected histological and liver function changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, antioxidants, and tryptophan are all contained in banana peel flour (BPF). Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that has been linked to depression and anxiety. This post-test-only control group study was conducted on twenty-five male Wistar rats which were separated into five groups with different treatments. Groups II to V were diabetic rats model groups that consumed standard diet mixed with BPF 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20%, respectively, while group I was a healthy control group fed a standard diet. Hepatic enzyme transaminase (Alanine Aminotransferase-ALT and Aspartate Aminotransferase - AST) and Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining were analyzed with the NAFLD score to examine the liver function and hepatocellular morphology. A change in liver function was observed, as well as a substantial change in the levels of ALT and AST. The NAFLD score with HE staining showed substantial improvements in liver morphology, which was better seen at a 20% BPF dose. The current study supported the hypothesis that BPF had a hepatoprotective effect in diabetic rats, which may be due to the mechanism of controlling the hepatic enzyme transaminase and inducing liver regeneration.
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Aurore, G., Parfait, B. and Fahrasmane. 2009. Bananas, raw materials for making processed food products. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 20, 78–91.
Bennet, H., Balhuizen, A., Medina, A., Dekker Nitert, M., Ottosson Laakso, E., Essén, S., Spégel, P., Storm, P., Krus, U., Wierup, N., & Fex, M. 2015. Altered serotonin (5-HT) 1D and 2A receptor expression may contribute to defective insulin and glucagon secretion in human type 2 diabetes. Peptides, 71, 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2015.07.008
Bilal, H. M., Riaz, F., Munir, K., Saqib, A., & Sarwar, M. R. 2017. Histological changes in the liver of diabetic rats: a review of pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Cogent Medicine, 4(December). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2016.1275415
Ebrahimkhani, M. R., Oakley, F., Murphy, L. B., Mann, J., Moles, A., Perugorria, M. J., Ellis, E., Lakey, A. F., Burt, A., Douglass, A., & Matthew, C. 2017. Stimulating healthy tissue regeneration by targeting the 5-HT. Nat Med. 17(12): 1–35.
Eren, I., Erdi, O. and Ozcankaya, R. 2003. Relationship between blood glucose control and psychiatric disorders in type II diabetic patients. Turk. Psikiyatri Derg, 14(3), 184–191.
Fitriani Yunita Dwi Setyawati, A., Khalifah, Z., Ufi Atiyah, F., Yovi Saputra, F.2015. Antidiabetic activity of banana peel extract: effect on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and augmented oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus. Int J Health Med Nurs. 17:3-5
Fu, J., Li, C., Zhang, G., Tong, X., Zhang, H., Ding, J., Ma, Y., Cheng, R., Hou, S., An, S., Li, X., & Ma, S. 2018. Crucial roles of 5-HT and 5-HT 2 receptor in diabetes-related lipid accumulation and pro-inflammatory cytokine generation in hepatocytes. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, 48(6), 2409–2428. https://doi.org/10.1159/000492656
Halter, J. B., Musi, N., Horne, F. M. F., Crandall, J. P., Goldberg, A., Harkless, L., Hazzard, W. R., Huang, E. S., Kirkman, M. S., Plutzky, J., Schmader, K. E., Zieman, S., & High, K. P. 2014. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease in older adults: Current status and future directions. Diabetes. 63(8):2578-89.
Huskisson, E., Maggini, S., & Ruf, M. 2007. The role of vitamins and minerals in energy metabolism and well-being. J Int Med Res. 35(3):277-89.
Keszthelyi D, Troost FJ, M. A. 2009. Understanding the role of tryptophan and serotonin metabolism in gastrointestinal function. Neurogastroenterol Motil, 21(12), 1239–1249.
Kleiner, D. E., Brunt, E. M., Natta, M. Van, Behling, C., Contos, M. J., Cummings, O. W., Ferrell, L. D., Liu, Y.-C., Torbenson, M. S., Unalp-Arida, A., Yeh, M., Mccullough, A. J., & Sanyal, A. J. 2005. Design and validation of a histological scoring system for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Hepatology, 41(6): 1313-21.https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.20701
Lesurtel, M., Soll, C., Humar, B., & Clavien, P. 2011. Serotonin: a double-edged sword for the liver? The Surgeon, Journal Of The Royal Colleges of Surgeon of Edinburgh and Ireland, 10(2), 107–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surge.2011.11.002
Luchchesi, N. A., Freitas, T. N., Cassetari, L. L., Marques, F. G. S., & Spadella, T. C. 2013. Diabetes mellitus triggers oxidative stress in the liver of alloxan-treated rats: a mechanism for diabetic chronic liver disease. Acta Cir Bras. 28(7), 502–508.
Meliala, A., Andwi, Y., Sumiwi, A. R. I., Narwidina, P., Sulistyo, S. R. I. L., & Setyaningsih, W. 2020. Banana Peel Flakes Alleviate Blood Glucose And Stress In A Dose-Dependent Manner. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 12(8), 75–81.
Oh, C. M., Park, S., & Kim, H. 2016. Serotonin as a new therapeutic target for diabetes mellitus and obesity. In Diabetes and Metabolism Journal (Vol. 40, Issue 2, pp. 89–98). Korean Diabetes Association. https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.2.89
Patel, D. K., Kumar, R., Prasad, S. K., Sairam, K., & Hemalatha, S. 2011. Antidiabetic and in vitro antioxidant potential of Hybanthus enneaspermus (Linn) F. Muell in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 1(4), 316–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60051-8
Rådholm, K., Wiréhn, A. B., Chalmers, J., & Östgren, C. J. 2016. Use of antidiabetic and antidepressant drugs is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction: A nationwide register study. Diabetic Medicine, 33(2), 218–223. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.12822
Ruddell, R. G., Mann, D. A., & Ramm, G. A. 2008. The function of serotonin within the liver. Journal of Hepatology, 48(4), 666–675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2008.01.006
Sookoian, S., & Pirola, C. J. 2012. Alanine and aspartate aminotransferase and glutamine-cycling pathway: Their roles in pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 18(29), 3775–3781. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v18.i29.3775
Tan, K. C., Chan, G. C., Eric, H., Maria, A. B. I., Norliza, B. M. J., Oun, B. H., Sheerine, A. B. M. T., Wong, S. J., & Liew, S. M. 2015. Depression, anxiety and stress among patients with diabetes in primary care: A cross-sectional study. Malaysian Family Physician, 10(2), 9–21. /pmc/articles/PMC4826577/
Wurtman, R. J., Wurtman, J. J., Regan, M. M., McDermott, J. M., Tsay, R. H., & Breu, J. J. 2003. Effects of normal meals rich in carbohydrates or proteins on plasma tryptophan and tyrosine ratios. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 77(1), 128–132. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/77.1.128
Published
2021-12-31
How to Cite
Nurrahma, H. A., Meliala, A., Narwidina, P., & Herwiyanti, S. (2021). Hepatoprotective Effect of Banana Peel Flour on Histological and Liver Function in Diabetic Rats. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy, 32(4), 529-538. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.1917
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Section
Research Article
