Development, Depoliticisation, and Manggaraian Peasants’ Resistance in Western Flores

https://doi.org/10.22146/pcd.35195

Venansius Haryanto(1*)

(1) Institute Sunspirit for Justice and Peace
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


This article explores how certain elements of  society show resistance against the process of depoliticisation that works through development. Drawing on the case of  peasants in Lembor, a regency in Western Flores, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), this article argues that, by offering a so-called ‘alternative development’, civil society actors attempt to show their resistance against the process of depoliticisation that has been implemented through the rice monoculture farming system. To this end, the theories of depoliticisation and alternative development as resistance shall be used as analytical tools. Depoliticisation is defined in the literature as the process through which the regime of  mainstream development relocates politico-economic questions in dealing with the problems of peasants, in this case those in Lembor. Meanwhile, the theory of alternative development will be used to frame the form of  peasants’ resistance in Lembor. The ultimate end of  this study is to restore power to political analysis. As such, this article seeks to conflate development and democracy in discussing citizens’ welfare.

Keywords


development; discourse; governmentality; depoliticization; peasant

Full Text:

PDF


References

Allerton, C. L. (2001). Places, Paths and Persons: The Landscape of Kinship and History in Southern Manggarai, Flores, Indonesia. Doctoral dissertation, London School of Economics & Political Science.

Antlov, H. (2002). Negara dalamDesa: PatronaseKepemimpinanLokal, PujoSemedi (trans.). Yogyakarta: LapperaPustaka Utama.

Aspinal, E &Sukmajati, M. (2015). PolitikUang Indonesia: Patronase dan Klientilisme pada PemiluLegislatif 2014. Yogyakarta: PolGov.

Bryld, E. (2000). The Technocratic Discourse: Technical Means to Political Problems. Journal of Development in Practice, 10(5), 700–705.

Chandler, D. (2014). Beyond Neoliberalism: Resilience, the New Art of Governing Complexity. Resilience, 2(1), 47–63.

Cons, J. & Paprocki, K. (2010). Contested Credit Landscapes: Microcredit, Self-help and Self-determination in Rural Bangladesh. Third World Quarterly, 31(4), 637–654.

Dale, C.J. (2011). Kuasa, Pembangunan, dan PemiskinanSistemik. Labuan Bajo: Sunspirit.

Denar, B. (2015). MengapaGereja (Harus!) Tolak Tambang: SebuahTinjauanEtis, Filosofis dan TeologisatasKorporasi Tambang. Maumere: Ledalero.

Djalong, F.A. (2011). Kairos dan Developmentalisme: PolitikWacanaPatronase di Manggarai. Graduate thesis. Yogyakarta: UGM.

-----. (2017). ManggaraianIndigenity: The Poor, The Sacred, and Demos in Post-Reform Indonesia. Final Paper for the Course Globalisation and Local Development, Graduate Programme, Sociology Department, Faculty of Social and Political Science, UniversitasGadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.

Emo, D. (1987/1988). Sejarah Daerah Manggarai, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur.Manuscript.

Erb, M. (2005). Limiting Tourism and the Limits of Tourism: The Production and Consumption of Tourist Attractions in Western Flores. In C. Ryan & M. Aicken (eds.). Indigenous tourism: The commodification and management of culture (157–181). London: Elsevier.

---------.(2012). The Dissonance of Conservation: Environmentalitiesand the Environmentalisms of the Poor in Eastern Indonesia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement, 25, 11–23.

Erb, M. &Widyawati, F.(2018). "Missionaries and Mining: Conflicts over Development in Eastern Indonesia", in M. Feener, C. Sheer, and P. Fountain (eds.). The Missions of Development: Religion and Techno-Politics in Asia (82–106). Leiden & Boston: Brill.

Escobar, A. (2008). Territories of Difference: Place, Movements, Life, Redes. Durham and London: Duke University Press.

Ferguson, J. (1994). The Anti-Politics Machine: "Development", Depoliticization, and Bureaucratic Power in Lesotho. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Gordon, J. L. (1975). The Manggarai: Economic and Social Transformation in an Eastern Indonesia Society. PhD Thesis, Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Hadiz, V. R. 2010. Localising Power in Post-Authoritarian Indonesia: A Southeast Asia Perspective. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Hargens, B. (2009). "BosismeLokal dan PergeseranKekuasaan di Manggarai", in B. Hargens (ed.). KebutuhanDemokrasiLokal di Indonesia. Jakarta: Parrhesia Institute.

Haque, M. S. (2008)Global Rise of Neoliberal State and Its Impact on Citizenship: Experiences in Developing Nations. Asian Journal of Social Science, 36, 11–34.

Harriss, J. (2007). Bringing Politics Back into Poverty Analysis: Why Understanding Social Relation Matters More for Policy on Chronic Poverty than Measurement. CPRC Working Paper 77.

Hasiman, F. (2014). Monster Tambang: GerusRuangHidupWarga Nusa Tenggara Timur.Central Jakarta: JPICOFM, Indonesia

Jebadu, A., Raring, M. V., Regus,M., &Tukan, S. S. (2009). Pertambangan di Flores-Lembata: BerkahatauKutuk. Maumere: Ledalero.

Joseph, J. (2013). Resilience as Embedded Neoliberalism: A Governmentality Approach. Resilience,1(1), 38–52.

Juru, I.J. (2015). Multitude Warga Negara Aktivis: PolitikKewargaanGerakan Baku Peduli. Thesis. Yogyakarta: UGM.

Kerkvliet, B. J. (2009). Everyday Politics in Peasant Societies (and Ours).The Journal of Peasant Studies, 36(1),227–243.

Klimmek, Helen (2013). An Examination of the Barriers to Local Community Participation in the Dive Tourism Industry in Flores, Indonesia. Thesis,King's College: London.

Li, T. M. (2012). The Will to Improve: Governmentality, Development, and the Practice of Politics. Durham: Duke University Press.

-----. (2014). Land's End, Capitalist Relations on an Indigenous Frontier. Durham: Duke University Press.

McMichael, P. (2009). A Food Regime Genealogy. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 36(1), 139–169.

Pieterse, J.N. (2010). Development Theory, Second Edition. London & Washington, D.C.: Sage.

Rankin, Katharine N. (2001). Governing Development: Neoliberalism, Microcredit, and Rational Economic Woman. Economy and Society, 30(1), 18–37.

Regus, M. (2011). Tambang dan Perlawanan Rakyat: StudiKasus Tambang di Manggarai, NTT. JurnalSosiologi Masyarakat UI,16(1), 1–30.

Sidel, J. (2005). "Bossism and Democracy in the Philippines, Thailand and Indonesia: Towards an Alternative Framework for the Study of Local Strongman",in J. Harris, K. Stokke, and O. Tornquist. Politicising Democracy: The New Local Politics of Democratisation. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Stokke, K., &Tornquist, O. (eds.). (2013). Democratisation in the Global South: The Importance of Transformative Politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Toda, D. N. (1999). Manggarai MencariPencerahanHistoriografi. Ende: Nusa Indah.

Wald, N.(2015). In Search of Alternatives:Peasant Initiatives for a Different Development in Northern Argentina. Latin American Perspectives,42(2), 90–106.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/pcd.35195

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 3631 | views : 1775

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2019 PCD Journal

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

web
analytics View My Stats

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

       

 

 

                                © Faculty of Social and Political Sciences Gadjah Mada University Jl. Sosio-Yustisia Bulaksumur Yogyakarta 55281
                                                     Telp (0274) 563362 Ext. 150; +62 811 2515 863 - email: pcd@ugm.ac.id