* Corresponding Author
Farming as an Act Grattitude Norms and Practices of Sustainability among Muslim Farmers in Blora, Central Java
https://doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.98312 Ahmad Muwafi Nur Hasan(1*), Zainal Abidin Bagir(2), Najmu Tsaqib Akhda(3)
(1) Center for Religious and Cross-cultural Studies Graduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(2) Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Consortium for Religious Studies, Yogyakarta
(3) Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
The body of literature on environmental studies suggest that sustainability in agricultural sector is not only a matter of technical agricultural management, but also the ideas, norms, or values that farmers hold, including those from religion. This cannot hold true more than the Indonesia context of religious society. Indonesia is an agricultural country where most of the population’s livelihood is agriculture, as demonstrated by the fact that 37.5% of the total land area is used for farming. Through an empirical study in Blora, Central Java, this article aims to examine and identify the norms, practices, and motivations of faith-based organic farming by Nahdlatul Ulama Agriculture Development Institute (LPPNU) Blora in promoting environmental and food sustainability. This study is based on a qualitative study using the theories of lived religion and religious creativity. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 13 individuals, including spiritual leaders, NU administrators, and NU organic farmers, and participant observation for three months. This article has two main findings. First, the religious norms and practices developed by LPPNU in organic farming in Blora express the principles of worship, stewardship of the earth, compassion for nature, self-reliance, and sustainability by making nutrient-rich organic matter fertilizer. Secondly, the primary motivations for farmers to switch to organic are personal health, soil health, and religiosity. Other motivations are influenced by institutional authority and religious reasons.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ad-Dimyathi, S. B. (2005). Hasyiyah I’anatut Thalibin ala Halli Alfazhi Fathil Mu‘in. Lebanon: Darul Fikr.
Amaliyah, S. (2024, March 10). Mengenal Lebih Dekat Kiai Ubaidullah Shodaqoh, Rais Syuriyah PWNU Jawa Tengah. Retrieved from Nu Online: https://nu.or.id/tokoh/mengenal-lebih-dekat-kiai-ubaidullah-shodaqoh-rais-syuriyah-pwnu-jawa-tengah-9tLSL
Ammerman, N. T. (2021). Studying Lived Religion Contexts and Practices. New York: New York University Press.
Bagir, Z. A., & Martiam, N. (2016). Islam Norms and Practices. In Jenkins, W., Tucker, M.E., & Grim, J. (Eds.), Routledge Handbook Of Religion And Ecology (pp. 79-87). London: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
Blummer, H. (1986). Symbolic Interactionism Perspective and Method. Barkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press.
BPS. (2023). Luas Panen dan Produksi Padi di Indonesia 2022 (Angka Tetap). Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.
Director General. (2023). Climate change and health. Swiss: World Health Organization.
EPA, U. (2016, Januari 12). Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data.” Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Retrieved from United States Environmental Protection Agency: https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-overview
Fanslow, G. (2007, January 15). Prosperity, pollution, and the green revolution. Retrieved from Rice Today: https://ricetoday.irri.org/prosperity-pollution-and-the-green-revolution/
Finnegan, E. D. (2011). Hijra and Homegrown Agriculture: Farming Among American Muslims. Florida: University of Florida.
Fransisca Yohana Sri Winarsih, H. S. (2024). Converting Agriculture From A Curse To A Blessing Catholic Organic Rice Farmers In Indonesia. Asian Orientation in Theology, 39-70.
Greenpeace Philippines. (2008, January 24). Chemical fertilizer use linked to climate change. Retrieved from Greenpeace.org: https://www.greenpeace.org/philippines/press/1488/chemical-fertilizer-use-linked-to-climate-change/
Hadi, S. (2020, October 26). Rais PWNU Jateng Pimpin Panen Perdana Padi Organik di Blora. Retrieved from Nu Online: https://www.nu.or.id/daerah/rais-pwnu-jateng-pimpin-panen-perdana-padi-organik-di-blora-ugewZ
Hannah Ritchie, P. R. (2020, June1). Breakdown of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emissions. Retrieved from OurWorldInData.org: https://ourworldindata.org/emissions-by-sector
Hoesly, D. (2019). Organic Farming as Spiritual Practice and Practical Spirituality at Sunburst Farms. Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions, 60-88. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/26860835
Houle, K. (2018). Facing only outwards? Plant bodily morphogenesis and ethical conceptual genesis. Dalam D. P. Kallhoff A, Plant Ethics: Concepts and Applications (hal. 70-81). London: Routledge.
Huda, I. (2023, Me7 1). PWNU Jateng Bangga Nahdliyin Banyak Tanam Padi Organik. Retrieved from jateng.nu.or.id: https://jateng.nu.or.id/nasional/pwnu-jateng-bangga-nahdliyin-banyak-tanam-padi-organik-0u9MT
IFOAM. (2005, September 1). Definition of Organic Agriculture. Retrieved from IFOAM organic agriculture: https://www.ifoam.bio/why-organic/organic-landmarks/definition-organic
Jamil, A. N. (2023, August 10). Makan Korban Lagi! Petani Blora Tewas Kesetrum Jebakan Tikus di Sawah. Retrieved from detik.com: https://www.detik.com/jateng/berita/d-6868685/makan-korban-lagi-petani-blora-tewas-kesetrum-jebakan-tikus-di-sawah
Jatiningsih, M. M. (2014). Makna Simbolik Ritual Kawit dan Wiwit dalam Pertanian. Kajian Moral dan Kewarganegaraan, 1220-1236.
Jenkins, W. (2010). Ecological Management, Cultural Reform, and Religious Creativity. Union Theological Seminary, 1-17. doi:https://doi.org/10.7916/D8P84B5W
Jenkins, W. (2017). Whose Religion?, Which Ecology? In M. E. Willis Jenkins (Ed.), Routledge Handbook Of Religion and Ecology (pp. 22-32). New York: Taylor & Francis Group.
Jonathan Evans, K. J. (2023). Religious practices in South and Southeast Asia. Washington: Pew Research Center.
K. Walker, R. F. (2011). Entomological Risks of Genetically Engineered Crops. Encyclopedia of Environmental Health, 306-314. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.11677-X
Kemenag RI. (2019). Al-Qur'an dan Terjemahannya edisi penyempurnaan. Jakarta: Badan Litbang dan Diklat Kemenag RI.
Kim, E. J. (2023). Communal Environmentalism In The History Of The Organic Farming Movement In South Korea. In D. F. E. J. Kim, Forces of Nature: New Perspectives on Korean Environments (pp. 139–148). New York: Cornell University Press. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv310vm12.19
King, R. J. (1999). Narrative, Imagination, and the Search for Intelligibility in Environmental Ethics. Ethics & the Environment, 23-38.
LPPNU. (2021). Pertanian Organik yang Rahmatan Lil Alamin Budidaya Padi Organik Kadang Tani Sarwo Tulus Sebuah Konsep. Semarang: PWNU Jawa Tengah.
Marder. (2017). To hear plants speak. In R. J. Gagliano M, The Language of Plants: Science, Philosophy, Literature (pp. 103-125). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Mardianah, T. S. (2022). Interest and Behavior of Farmers in the Application of Organic Agriculture in Tidore, North Maluku. Ilmiah Inovasi, 206-214.
McGuire, M. B. (2008). Lived Religion: Faith and Practice in Everyday Life. New York: Oxford University Press.
Mujadi. (1978). Upacara-upacara dalam pertanian Jawa. Jakarta: Eka Dharma.
Nasr, S. H. (1996). Religion and The Order of Nature. New York: Oxford University Press.
Nugroho, W. B. (2018). Konstruksi Sosial Revolusi Hijau di Era Orde Baru. Journal on Socio-Economics of Agriculture and Agribusiness, 54-62. doi:https://doi.org/10.24843/SOCA.2018.v12.i01.p04
Nurbaya, S. (2020). Status Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia 2020. Jakarta: Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan.
Ozdemir. (2003). Toward an Understanding of Environmental Ethics from a Qur’anic Perspective. In F. D. R.C. Foltz, Islam and Ecology A Bestowed Trust (pp. 3-38). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Ozdimer, I. (1997). An Islamic Approach to The Environment. International conference of Chicago (pp. 1-40). Chicago: Ankara.
Padmanabhan, V. S. (2020). The many meanings of organic farming: framing food security and food sovereignty in Indonesia. Org. Agr, 327-338. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-019-00277-z
PBNU. (2021). Anggaran dasar & Anggaran rumah tangga Nahdlatul Ulama Keputusan Muktamar ke-34 NU di Lampung. Lampung: PBNU.
PCNU, S. T. (2022). Penugasan dan Daftar Hadir Pelatihan Kader Penggerak Petani Organik (PKPPNU) di SMK al-Hikmah Pesantren Ngadipurwo. Blora: PCNU Blora.
Rahman, M. T. (2013). Production and Consumption of Genetically Modified Food: An Islamic Perspective. Revelation and Science, 1-10.
Schmidt, L. (2021). Aesthetics of authority: ‘Islam Nusantara’ and Islamic ‘radicalism’ in Indonesian film and social media. Religion, 237-258. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/0048721X.2020.1868387
Shadaqah, U. (2021, February 18). Sambung Rasa Kiai Ubaidullah Shadaqah dengan Kadang Tani Sarwa Tulus Blora. Blora, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia.
Shadaqah, U. (2022, December 22). bertani organik adalah ibadah. Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia.
Swastika, D. K. (2021). Harvest and Post-Harvest Technologies: Adoption Constraints and Development Strategy. Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian, 331-346.
The Royal Society. (2020). Ammonia: zero-carbon fertiliser, fuel and energy store. London: The Royal Society.
Tifani, D. (2022, January 31). Kiai Ubaid: NU Harus Mandiri. Retrieved from joglojateng.com: https://joglojateng.com/2022/01/31/kiai-ubaid-nu-harus-mandiri/
Tucker, M. E. (2006). Religion and Ecology: Survey of the Field. In R. S. Gottlieb, The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Ecology (pp. 1-21). New York: Oxford University Press.
Ute Frevert. (2019). Moral Economies, Present and Past: Social Practices and Intellectual Controversies. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 13–43. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/26632292
Varpio, M. E. (2020). Thematic analysis of qualitative data: AMEE Guide No. 131. Medical Teacher, 131. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2020.1755030
Weber, M. (1968). The Sociology of Religion. Boston: Beacon Press.
Wieren, G. V. (2018). Food, Farming, and Religion Emerging Ethical Perspectives. London and New York: Routledge Tylor and Francis Group.
Willer, H. B. (2023). The World of Organic Agriculture Statistics and Emerging Trends 2023. Switzerland: Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL Frick, and IFOAM – Organics International Bonn.
Wirajaya. (2021). Eco-Sufism concept in Syair Nasihat as an alternative to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) policy in the environmental sector. The 8th International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment (pp. 1-8). Honolulu: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.98312
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 2904
| 
views : 1750
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Muwafi Nur Hasan, Zainal Abidin Bagir, Najmu Tsaqib Akhda
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Kawistara is published by the Graduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada.