Daya Saing Biji Kakao di Pasar Malaysia

https://doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.77200

Dwi Putri Jeng Ivo Nurun Nisa'(1), Darsono Darsono(2), Ernoiz Antriyandarti(3*)

(1) Magister Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sebelas Maret
(2) Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sebelas Maret
(3) Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sebelas Maret
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Di pasar Malaysia, biji kakao Indonesia bersaing dengan biji kakao dari negara-negara di Afrika Barat yang memiliki standar kualitas yang tinggi dan lebih disukai oleh konsumen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai ekspor, produksi, produktivitas kakao, posisi perdagangan dan daya saing biji kakao Indonesia dengan pesaingnya di negara-negara Afrika Barat (Pantai Gading, Ghana, dan Nigeria). Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Trade Specialization Index (TSI), Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamics (EPD), dan X-Model. Data yang digunakan adalah dari tahun 2000 - 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa posisi perdagangan biji kakao di Indonesia, Pantai Gading, dan Ghana berada pada posisi pertumbuhan ekspor (nilai TSI meningkat antara 0-1). Sementara itu, Nigeria berada pada posisi kematangan ekspor (nilai ISP menurun antara 0 - 1). Rata-rata indeks RCA biji kakao: a). Indonesia = 3,92 ; b). Pantai Gading = 1,44; c). Ghana = 7,28; dan d). Nigeria = 173,13. Berdasarkan hasil EPD, Indonesia berada di posisi Lost Oppurtunity, Pantai Gading di posisi Falling Star, Ghana di posisi Retreat, dan Nigeria di posisi Rising Star.


Keywords


Ekspor Biji Kakao; Export Dynamic Product; Indeks Spesialisasi Perdagangan; Revealed Comparative Advantages; X-Model

Full Text:

PDF


References

Adeola Adetutu Adejori, Oluwole Matthew Akinnagbe. (2022). Assessment of farmers′ utilization of approved pesticides in cocoa farms in Ondo state, Nigeria. Heliyon, 8(9). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10678.

Aklimawati, L. (2016). Comparison of Competitiveness for Crop Estate Commodities in ASEAN and European Markets: Constant Market Share Approach. Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal), 32(3) pp. 234–224. doi: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v32i3.233.

Amos Kojo Quaye, Eric Kofi Doe, Frederick Amon-Armah, Alfred Arthur, Jerome Agbesi Dogbatse, Sampson Konlan. (2021). Predictors of integrated soil fertility management practice among cocoa farmers in Ghana. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2021.100174.

Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia. (2020). Statistik Indonesia 2020. Jakarta : Kementrian Pertanian.

Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia. (2021). Statistik Indonesia 2021. p. 790. Available at:https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2020/04/29/e9011b3155d45d70823c141f/statistik-indonesia-2020.html.

Basri F, H dan Munanadar. (2010). Dasar-Dasar Ekonomi Internasional Pengenalan dan Aplikasi Metode Kuantitatif. Jakarta : Kencana Prenada Media Group.

Boediono. (2016). Ekonomi Internasional. Edisi Pertama Cetakan Kedua Puluh Delapan. Yogyakarta: BPFE.

Bustami, Budi Ramanda dan Paidi Hidayat. (2013). Analisis Daya Saing Produk Ekspor Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan, 1 (2) pp. 56-71.

David, B. (2013). Competitiveness and Determinants of Cocoa Exports From Ghana. International Journal of Agricultural Policy and Research,1(9) pp. 236–254.

Esterhuizen. (2006). Measuring and Analysing Competitiveness in The Agribusiness Sector: Methodological and Analytical Framework. Petroria: University of Pretoria.

Gideon Danso-Abbeam, Lloyd JS Baiyegunhi, Temitope O. Ojo. (2020). Gender differentials in tehnical effeciency of Ghanaia cocoa farms. Heliyon. 6 (5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04012.

Hanafi, R. U. dan Tinaprilla, N. (2017). Daya Saing Komoditas Kakao Indonesia di Perdagangan Internasional. Forum Agribisnis, 7(1). doi: 10.29244/fagb.7.1.1-20.

Hasibuan, A. M., Nurmalina, R. dan Wahyudi, A. (2012). Errata: The Power of Identity: Politics in a New Key. The American Political Science Review, 92(3), p. v. doi: 10.2307/2585477.

Hasibuan, A. M. dan Sayekti, A. L. (2018). Export Tax Policy in Indonesia: The Impacts on Competitiveness and Price Integration of Cocoa Products. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 26(1).

International Cocoa Organization, (2021). Statistic Production, https://www.icco.org/statistics/.

International Trade Center, (2021). International Trade Statistic, https://www.intracen.org/itc/market-info-tools/trade-statistics/.

Jannah, Eka Miftakhul dan Nurmalina, Rita. (2019). Aliran Perdagangan Lada Indonesia. 6(2), pp. 60–76.

Lawrence O. Oyenpemi, Akeem A. Tijani, Ayodeji D. Kehinde. (2023). What determines a sustained use of approved pesticides for cleaner production and its impact on yield? Evidence from the cocoa industry in Osun State, Nigeria. Cleaner and Responsible Consumption, 9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clrc.2023.100113.

Nurhayati, E., Hartoyo, S. dan Mulatsih, S. (2019). Analisis Pengembangan Ekspor Pala, Lawang, dan Kapulaga Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia, 19(2) pp. 173–190. doi: 10.21002/jepi.v19i2.847.

Porter, M. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York: Free Press.

Prasetyani, D., Abidin, A. Z., Purusa, N. A., and Sandra, F. A. (2020). The Prospects and The Competitiveness of Textile Commodities and Indonesian Textile Product in the Global Market. Etikonomi, 19(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v19i1.12886.

Purba, H. J (2021). Export Performance and Competitiveness of Indonesian Coconut Oil and Desiccated Coconut. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 892(1) pp. 0–8. doi: 10.1088/17551315/892/1/012072.

Ragimun. (2012). Analisis Daya Saing Komoditas Kakao Indonesia. Jakarta: Kementerian Keuangan.

Rifin, Amzul dan Nauly, Dahlia. (2013). The Effect of Export Tax on Indonesia’s Cocoa Export Competitiveness. Conference (57th), February 5-8, 2013, Sydney, Australia, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society. doi:10.22004/ag.econ.152175

Rubiyo, R. dan Siswanto, S. (2012). Increasing Production and Development Of Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao L.) in Indonesia, RISTRI Buletin, 3(1).

Suryana, A. T., Fariyanti, A. dan Rifin, A. (2014). Analisis Perdagangan Kakao Indonesia di Pasar Internasional. Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar, 1(1), pp. 29. doi: 10.21082/jtidp.v1n1.2014.p29-40.

UN Comtrade Database. (2022). Diunduh tanggal 10 Januari 2022 dari http:// unstats.un.org/unsd/trade/.

Victoria A. Maguire-Rajpaul, Chris Sandbrook, Constance McDermott, Mark A. Hirons. (2022). Climate-smart cocoa governance risk enternching old hegemonies in Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana: a multiple environmrntally analysis. geo forum, 130, pp. 78-91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2021.09.015.

W. Quarmine, R. Haagsma, O. Sakyi-Dawson, F. Asante, A. van Huis, D. Obeng-Ofori. (2012). Incentives for cocoa bean production in Ghana: Does quality matter?. NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 60–63, pp. 7-14, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2012.06.009.

Wardani, M. A. dan Mulatsih, S. (2018). Analisis Daya Saing dan Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Ekspor Ban Indonesia ke Kawasan Amerika Latin. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Pembangunan, 6(1) pp. 81–100. doi: 10.29244/jekp.6.1.81-100.

Wulandari, R. A. (2013). Analisis Daya Saing Industri Pulp dan Kertas Indonesia di Pasar Internasional. Bogor : Institut Pertanian Bogor.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.77200

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1018 | views : 684

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2023 Ernoiz Antriyandarti

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Kawistara is published by the Graduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada.