* Corresponding Author
Efikasi Asap Cair dari Kayu Bengkirai terhadap Phytophthora citrophthora
https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.33113 Hasan Ashari Oramahi(1), Elvi Rusmiyanto P. Wardoyo(2*), Kustiati Kustiati(3)
(1) Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Tanjungpura Jln. Imam Bonjol, Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat 78124
(2) Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Tanjungpura Jln. Prof. Dr. H. Hadari Nawawi, Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat 78124
(3) Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Tanjungpura Jln. Prof. Dr. H. Hadari Nawawi, Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat 78124
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Bengkirai is one of kind of woods usually used for furnitures and produces lots of woodcuts. This woodcut become the raw material for liquid smoke. The efficacy of liquid smoke produced from bengkirai wood against Phytophthora citrophthora was evaluated. The aim of this research was to evaluate antimicrobial properties of liquid smoke from bengkirai wood against P. citrophthora. Three kinds of liquid smoke were used in three temperatures i.e., 350, 400 and 450ºC. Efficacy of liquid smoke from bengkirai wood for antimicrobial used PDA medium. Simple linear regression was used to measured the effect of liquid smoke concentration to inhibition of P. citrophthora growth. The relationship between the concentration of liquid smoke (X) and inhibition of fungal growth, P. citrophthora (Y) at 350, 400, and 450ºC were Y = 24.51 + 5.27X (r2 = 0.98), Y = 54.31 + 5.53X (r2 = 0,92), and Y = 51.32 + 16.87X (r2 = 0.80). The results showed that the concentration of liquid smoke was significantly different for inhibition of P. citrophthora growth. The higher the concentration the higher the inhibition of microbial growth. The highest inhibition was on liquid smoke of bengkirai wood with temperature pyrolysis of 450ºC and concentration of liquid smoke of 1% with average value of 100%.
Intisari
Bengkirai merupakan bahan baku pembuatan furniture yang banyak menghasilkan limbah potongan kayu. Limbah potongan kayu ini dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber pembuatan asap cair. Penelitian tentang efikasi asap cair dari kayu bengkirai terhadap Phytophthora citrophthora telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi sifat antimikrobia asap cair kayu bengkirai dalam menghambat pertumbuhan P. citrophthora secara in vitro. Tiga jenis asap cair kayu bengkirai hasil pirolisis pada suhu 350, 400, dan 450ºC. Medium PDA digunakan untuk efikasi asap cair kayu bengkirai terhadap pertumbuhan P. citrophthora. Analisis regresi linier sederhana digunakan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh konsentrasi terhadap daya hambat pertumbuhan P. citrophthora. Konsentrasi asap cair kayu bengkirai yang digunakan adalah 0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 dan 2,0 %, v/v. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara konsentrasi asap cair (X) dan daya hambat pertumbuhan P. citrophthora (Y) pada suhu pirolisis asap cair 350, 400, dan 450ºC berturut-turut adalah Y = 24,51 + 5,27X (r2 = 0,98), Y = 54,31 + 5,53X (r2 = 0,92), dan Y = 51,32 + 16,87X (r2 = 0,80). Makin tinggi konsentrasi asap cair kayu bengkirai makin tinggi daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan P. citrophthora. Daya hambat pertumbuhan P. citrophthora tertinggi (100 %) pada perlakuan asap cair kayu bengkirai yang diproduksi pada suhu pirolisis 450ºC dan konsentrasi 1 %.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF (Indonesian)References
Agrios, G. N. 2005, Plant Pathology, Fifth Edition, Academic Press, San Diego. 952 p.
Aisyah, I., N. Juli, & G. Pari. 2013. Pemanfaatan Asap Cair Tempurung Kelapa untuk Mengendalikan Cendawan Penyebab Penyakit Antraknosa dan Layu Fusarium pada Ketimun. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan 31: 170−178.
Alvarez, L. A., A. Vicent, E. De la Roca, J. Bascón, P. Abad Campos, J. Armengol, & J. García-Jiménez, J. 2008. Branch Cankers on Citrus Trees in Spain Caused by Phytophthora citrophthora. Plant Pathology 57: 84−91.
Araújo, E.D., A.S. Pimenta, F.M.C. Feijó, R.V.O. Castro, M. Fasciotti, T.V.C. Monteiro, & K.M.G. de Lima. 2017. Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Pyroligneous Acid from Wood of Eucalyptus urograndis and Mimosa tenuiflora. Journal of Applied Microbiology 124: 85−96.
Baimark, Y. & N. Niamsa. 2009. Study on Wood Vinegars for Use as Coagulating and Antifungal Agents on the Production of Natural Rubber Sheets. Biomass and Bioenergy 33: 994−998.
Cabras, P., M. Schirra, F.M Pirisi, V.L. Garau, & A. Angioni. 1999. Factors Affecting Imazalil and Thiabendazole Uptake and Persistence in Citrus Fruits Following Dip Treatment. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry 47: 3352−3354.
Choi, G. G., S.J. Oh, S.J. Lee, & J.S. Kim. 2015. Production of Bio-based Phenolic Resin and Activated Carbon from Bio-oil and Biochar Derived from Fast Pyrolysis of Palm Kernel Shells. Bioresource Technology 178: 99−107.
Cowan, M. M. 1999. Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 12: 564− 582.
Davidson, P.M. & A.L. Branen. 1981. Antimicrobial Activity of Non-Halogenated Phenolic Compound. Journal of Food Protection 44: 623−632.
Hassan, E.B., E.M. El-Giar, & P. Steele. 2016. Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activities of Different Bio-oils and their Phenolic Distilled Fractions for Wood Preservation. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 110: 121−128.
Indrayani, Y., H.A. Oramahi, & Nurhaida. 2012. Evaluasi Asap Cair sebagai Bio-Termitisida untuk Pengendalian Rayap Tanah Coptotermes sp. Tengkawang 1: 87−96.
Kartal, S.N., E. Terzi, K. Kose, J. Hofmeyr, & Y. Imamura. 2011. Efficacy of Tar Oil Recovered during Slow Pyrolysis of Macadamia Nut Shells. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 65: 369−373.
Kim, S. J., S.H. Jung, & J.S. Kim. 2010. Fast Pyrolysis of Palm Kernel Shells: Influence of Operation Parameters on the Bio-oil Yield and the Yield of Phenol and Phenolic Compounds. Bioresource Technology 101: 9294−9300.
Lee, S.H, P.S. H’ng, M.J. Cow, A.S. Sajap, B.T. Tey, U. Salmiah, & Y.L. Sun. 2011. Effectiveness of Pyroligeneous Acid from Vapour Released in Charcoal Industry against Biological Attacks under Laboratory Condition. Journal of Applied Sciences 11: 3848−3853.
Mahmud, K. N., M.A. Yahayu, S.H.M. Sarip, N.H. Rizan, C.B. Min, N.F. Mustafa, N.F. Mustafa, S. Ngadiran, S. Ujang, & Z.A. Zakaria. 2016. Evaluation on Efficiency of Pyroligneous Acid from Palm Kernel Shell as Antifungal and Solid Pineapple Biomass as Antibacterial and Plant Growth Promoter. Sains Malaysiana 45: 1423−1434.
Montgomery, D.C. 1991. Design and Analysis of Experiments. Third Edition. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 672 p.
Mugiastuti, E. & A. Manan. 2009. Pemanfaatan Asap Cair untuk Mengendalikan Fusarium oxysporum dan Meloidogyne spp. Pembangunan Pedesaan 9: 43−49.
Okutucu C, G. Duman, S. Ucar, I. Yasa, & J. Yanik. 2011. Production of Fungicidal Oil and Activated Carbon from Pistachio Shell. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 91: 140−146.
Oramahi, H.A. & T. Yoshimura. 2013. Antifungal and Antitermitic Activities of Wood Vinegar from Vitex pubescens Vahl. Journal of Wood Science 59: 344−350.
Oramahi, H. A. & F. Diba, 2014. New Bio Preservatives from Lignocelluloses Biomass Bio-oil for Anti Termites Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren. Procedia Environmental Sciences 20: 778−784.
Oramahi, E.R.P. Wardoyo, & Kustiati, 2018. Chemical Characterazation and Biological Activities of Wood Vinegar from Wood Wastes of Furniture Industry. Laporan Kemajuan Penelitian Kerja Sama Luar Negeri dan Publikasi Internasional. Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak. 37 hlm. (tidak dipublikasikan).
Ortuno, A., M.C. Arcas, J.M. Botia, M.D. Fuster, & J.A. Del Río. 2002. Increasing Resistance against Phytophthora citrophthora in Tangelo Nova Fruits by Modulating Polymethoxyflavones Levels. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50: 2836−2839.
Prabowo, H., E. Martono, & Witjaksono. 2016. Aktivitas Asap Cair Limbah Batang Tembakau sebagai Insektisida terhadap Larva Spodoptera litura Fabricius. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 20: 22–27.
Semangun, H. 1996. Pengantar Ilmu Penyakit Tumbuhan. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta. 754 hlm.
Shiny, K.S., O.K. Remadevi, H.C. Nagaveni, & G. Vijayalakshmi. 2014. Preliminary Study on Antifungal Effect of Coconut Shell Pyrolytic Oil Against Wood Decay Fungi. International Wood Products Journal 5: 124−126.
Stefanidis, S.D., K.G. Kalogiannis, E.F. Iliopoulou, C.M. Michailof, P.A, Pilavachi, & A.A. Lappas. 2014. A Study of Lignocellulosic Biomass Pyrolysis via the Pyrolysis of Cellulose, Hemicellulose and Lignin. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 105: 143−150.
Theapparat, Y., A. Chandumpai, W. Leelasuphakul, N. Laemsak, & C. Ponglimanont. 2014. Physico-chemical Characteristics of Wood Vinegars from Carbonization of Leucaena leucocephala, Azadirachta indica, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Hevea brasiliensis and Dendrocalamus asper. Natural Science 48: 916−938.
Tranggono, Suhardi, B. Setiadji, P. Darmadji, Supranto, & Sudarmanto. 1996. Identifikasi Asap Cair dari Berbagai Jenis Kayu dan Tempurung Kelapa. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan 1: 15−24.
Wei, Q., X. Ma, & J. Dong, 2010. Preparation, Chemical Constituents and Antimicrobial Activity of Pyroligneous Acids from Walnut Tree Branches. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 87: 24−28.
Yahayu, M., K.N. Mahmud, M.N. Mahamad, S. Ngadiran, S. Lipeh, S. Ujang, & Z.A. Zakaria. 2017. Efficacy of Pyroligneous Acid from Pineapple Waste Biomass as Wood Preserving Agent. Jurnal Teknologi 79: 1−8.
Yaseen, T., L. Schena, F. Nigro, & A. Ippolito. 2010. Phytophthora citrophthora is the Predominant Phytophthora Species in Syrian Citrus Groves. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 49: 205−211.
Yatagai, M., M. Nishimoto, K.H.T. Ohira, & A. Shibata. 2002. Termiticidal Activity of Wood Vinegar, its Components and their Homologues. Journal of Wood Science 48: 338−342.
Zhanchao, L., Z. Zhang, W. Lijie, W. Jichang, L. Zhenheng, Z. Zhongwe, Z. Hanqi & W. Ziming. 2017. Preparation and Characterization of Two Wood Winegars Obtained from Hull of Spina Date Seed and Shell of Peanut. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 33: 348−353.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.33113
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 3558
| 
views : 3220
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2018 Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia ISSN 1410-1637 (print), ISSN 2548-4788 (online) is published by the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, in collaboration with Indonesian Entomological Society (Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia, PEI) and Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia, PFI). The content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
View website statistics