* Corresponding Author
Viabilitas dan Virulensi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense yang Dipreservasi dengan Liofilisasi
https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.25715 Iqna Khayatina Rusli(1*), Arif Wibowo(2), Christanti Sumardiyono(3)
(1) Balai Karantina Pertanian Tanjung Priok Jln. Enggano No. 17, Tanjung Priok, Jakarta Utara 14310
(2) Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jln. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281
(3) Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jln. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is still pose as constraint to banana production all over the world. The objective of this research was to examine the viability and virulence of Foc isolates which had been preserved with lyophilization for 18 years. The experiment used 19 isolates of Foc, which were Pekulo, Sukorejo, Kali Sepanjang, Kalibaru, Purwojoyo, Prembun, Mulyosari, Sidogede, Sidatan, Kemiri, Juwangen, A-17, A-11, PS-5, B4-3-1, Fo2.16.16., PS-10, A-2, and Irja. The results showed that 12 isolates could grow well on PDA medium, namely Pekulo, Sukorejo, Kali Sepanjang, Kalibaru, Purwojoyo, Prembun, Mulyosari, Sidatan, Juwangen, PS-5, B4-3-1, and Fo2.16.16. Meanwhile, seven isolates (Sidogede, Kemiri, A-17, A-11, PS-10, A-2, and Irja) could not grow or develop on PDA medium. The result of pathogenicity test showed that six tested Foc isolates had very high virulences, with disease severity index of about 2.14–2.71. Other three isolates revealed high virulences with disease severity index around 2.01–2.07. Meanwhile, another three less virulent isolates demonstrated disease severity index in the range of 1.39–1.67.
Intisari
Penyakit layu yang disebabkan oleh jamur Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.cubense (Foc) masih menjadi kendala dalam produksi pisang di seluruh dunia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji viabilitas dan virulensi isolat Foc yang telah dipreservasi dengan liofilisasi selama 18 tahun. Penelitian menggunakan 19 isolat Foc yaitu Pekulo, Sukorejo, Kali Sepanjang, Kalibaru, Purwojoyo, Prembun, Mulyosari, Sidogede, Sidatan, Kemiri, Juwangen, A-17, A-11, PS-5, B4-3-1, Fo2.16.16., PS-10, A-2, dan Irja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 12 isolat Foc mampu tumbuh dengan baik pada medium PDA yaitu Pekulo, Sukorejo, Kali Sepanjang, Kalibaru, Purwojoyo, Prembun, Mulyosari, Sidatan, Juwangen, PS-5, B4-3-1, dan Fo2.16.16. 7 isolat tidak mampu tumbuh pada medium PDA yaitu Sidogede, Kemiri, A-17, A-11, PS-10, A-2, dan Irja. Enam isolat Foc yang diuji memiliki virulensi sangat tinggi dengan indeks keparahan penyakit berkisar antara 2,14–2,71. Tiga isolat yang lain memiliki virulensi tinggi dengan indeks keparahan penyakit berkisar antara 2,01–2,07. Sedangkan 3 isolat lainnya memiliki virulensi yang lebih rendah dengan indeks keparahan penyakit berkisar antara 1,39–1,67.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF (Indonesian)References
Bentley, S., K. G. Pegg, , N. Y. Moore, R. D. Davis, , & I. W. Buddenhagen. 1998. Genetic Variation among Vegetative Compatibility Groups of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Analyzed by DNA Fingerprinting. Phytopathology 88: 1283-1293.
Fourie, G., E. T. Steenkamp, T. R. Gordon, A. Viljoen. 2009. Evolutionary Relationships among the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Vegetative Compatibility Groups. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75: 4770–4781.
Groenewald, S. 2005. Biology, Pathogenecity, and Diversity of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Requirement for the Degree of Magister Science in the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science. University of Pretoria, Pretoria. 176 p.
Hadisutrisno B. 1995. Kajian Pengendalian Hayati Penyakit Busuk Batang Vanili dengan Isolat Lemah Fusarium batatatis Tucker. Buletin Ilmiah Azolla 21: 27-35.
Ilyas, M. 2007. Uji Viabilitas Koleksi Kapang LIPI-MC dalam Ampul Penyimpanan Kering-beku L-drying setelah Satu Tahun Penyimpanan pada Suhu 5ºC. Biodiversitas 8: 20-22.
Jumjunidang, C. Hermanto, Riska. 2011. Virulensi Isolat Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense VCG 01213/16 pada Pisang Barangan dari Varietas Pisang dan Lokasi yang Berbeda. Jurnal Hortikultura 21: 145-151.
Mak, C., A.A. Mohamed, K.W. Liew, & Y.W. Ho 2004. Early Screening Technique for Fusarium Wilt Resistance in Banana Micropropagated Plants. Banana Improvement. http://www.fao.org./docrep/007/ae216e00.htm, diakses 18/02/2016.
Mikata, K. 1999. Preservation of Yeast Culture by L-drying: Viability after 15 Years Storage at 5º C. IFO Research Communications 19: 71-82.
Nagai, T, T. Tomioka, K.Takeuchi, M. Iida, M. Kawada, T. Sato. 2005. Evaluation of Preservation Techniques of Microorganism Resources in the MAFF Genebank. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly 39: 19 – 27.
Ploetz, R.C. & K.G. Pegg. 2000. Fungal Disease of The Root, Corm, and Pseudostem, p. 143-172. In. D.R. Jones (ed.)., Disease of Banana, Abaca, and Enset. CABI Publishing, USA.
Riyadi, A. S., L. Soesanto, & Kustantinah. 2008. Virulensi Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi Isolat Boyolali dan Temanggung setelah Disimpan Enam Tahun dalam Tanah Steril. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 14: 80 – 85.
Nasir, N. Jumjunidang. Riska. 2005. Deteksi dan Pemetaan Distribusi Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense pada Daerah Potensial Pengembangan Agribisnis Pisang di Indonesia. Jurnal Hortikultura 5: 50-57.
Su, H. J., S. C. Hwang, & W.H. Ko, 1986. Fusarial Wilt of Cavendish Bananas in Taiwan. Plant Disease 70: 814-818.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.25715
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 2091
| 
views : 2140
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2018 Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia ISSN 1410-1637 (print), ISSN 2548-4788 (online) is published by the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, in collaboration with Indonesian Entomological Society (Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia, PEI) and Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia, PFI). The content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
View website statistics