Assessing Job Satisfaction of Community Pharmacists with the Warr-Cook-Wall Instrument in West Java

https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.90317

Sintaresmi Kusumah Wardani(1*), Nanang Munif Yasin(2), Vo Quang Trung(3)

(1) Master Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(2) Departement of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(3) Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Background: Improving the quality of public health cannot be separated from the role of pharmacists who are responsible for providing pharmaceutical services. Pharmacists' long working hours and great responsibility impact how satisfied they feel with their jobs.

Objectives: This study  aims to determine the level of job satisfaction and identify the variables that affect community pharmacists' job satisfaction in West Java.

Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in mid-December 2022 to mid-February 2023 with research subjects community pharmacists working in pharmacies, primary health centers or clinics in the West Java region. A convenience sampling technique was used for selecting a community pharmacist. This study involved 145 community pharmacists and used a semi-structured questionnaire, Warr-Cook-Wall satisfaction scale and implemented the Likert scale to describe pharmacists’ job satisfaction of community pharmacists in West Java. The analysis used is univariate analysis (descriptive and distribution analysis) and bivariate analysis (multiple regression linear analysis).

Results: Most community pharmacists in West Java are more satisfied with the variables in the intrinsic factor (3.0±0.66) than extrinsic factors (3.0±0.70). However, their satisfaction is still low on recognition (2.9±0.7) and income (2.7±0.8). Community pharmacists' job satisfaction is influenced by pharmacy ownership type (p=0.04) and working hour (p=0.05). The regression analysis indicates that working hour had negatively influenced job satisfaction.

Conclusion: Community pharmacists feel satisfied with their job, and their satisfaction level is affected by pharmacy working hours.

Keywords


Community pharmacist; Job Satisfaction; Warr-Cook-Wall Instrument

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Kemenkes RI. IPKM 2018 Indeks Pembangunan Kesehatan Masyarakat. Lembaga Penerbit Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan (LPB); 2019. http://repository.bkpk.kemkes.go.id/3935/1/BUKU_IPKM_2018-SK.pdf
  2. Roser M. Human Development Index (HDI). Our World Data. Published online July 25, 2014. Accessed February 19, 2022. https://ourworldindata.org/human-development-index
  3. Fitriany MS. Perilaku Masyarakat dalam Pengelolaan Kesehatan Lingkungan (Studi di Desa Segiguk sebagai Salah Satu Desa Penyangga Kawasan Hutan Suaka Margasatwa Gunung Raya Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan). 2016;(1):6.
  4. Hermansyah A, Wulandari L, Kristina SA, Meilianti. S. Primary health care policy and vision for community pharmacy and pharmacists in Indonesia. Pharm Pract. 2020;18(3):2085. doi:10.18549/PharmPract.2020.3.2085
  5. Ilardo ML, Speciale A. The Community Pharmacist: Perceived Barriers and Patient-Centered Care Communication. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(2):536. doi:10.3390/ijerph17020536
  6. Urbonas G, Kubilienė L. Assessing the Relationship Between Pharmacists’ Job Satisfaction and Over-The-Counter Counselling at Community Pharmacies. Int J Clin Pharm. 2016;38(2):252-260. doi:10.1007/s11096-015-0232-y
  7. Menkes RI. Permenkes No. 73 Tahun 2016 tentang Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Apotek [JDIH BPK RI]. Published 2016. Accessed March 14, 2022. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/114626/permenkes-no-73-tahun-2016
  8. Ibrahim IR, Ibrahim MI, Majeed IA, Alkhafaje Z. Assessment of Job Satisfaction among Community Pharmacists in Baghdad, Iraq: A Cross-Sectional study. Pharm Pract. 2021;19(1):2190. doi:10.18549/PharmPract.2021.1.2190
  9. Tahir AM, Hassan TM, Ali AA, Babiker MY, Mousnad MA. Evaluation of Job Satisfaction and Job Related Stress Among Community Pharmacists in North Khartoum and its Impact on Providing Pharmaceutical Care Services. Mady F mohammed, ed. J Adv Pharm Sci Technol. 2019;2(2):1-12. doi:10.14302/issn.2328-0182.japst-19-3066
  10. Rijaluddin MK, Utami W, Othman Z, et al. Exploration of barriers affecting job satisfaction among community pharmacists. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2020;30(6). doi:10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0325
  11. Pratiwi E. Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kepuasan Kerja Apoteker di Klinik-Klinik Pratama Kota Pekanbaru: Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kepuasan Kerja Apoteker di Klinik-Klinik Pratama Kota Pekanbaru. J Penelit Farm Indones. 2020;9(2):46-50. doi:10.51887/jpfi.v9i2.805
  12. Dirjen Tenaga Kesehatan. Target Rasio Tenaga Kesehatan. Published online 2022. Accessed May 27, 2023. https://drive.google.com/file/u/1/d/1ONNdm1IcNBVxHIe-vcESU4v6qowoiS2b/view?usp=share_link&pli=1&usp=embed_facebook
  13. Kemenkes RI. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2021. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2022. https://pusdatin.kemkes.go.id/folder/view/01/structure-publikasi-pusdatin-profil-kesehatan.html
  14. Riyanto A. Aplikasi Metodologi: Penelitian Kesehatan. Nuha Medika; 2011.
  15. Warr P, Cook J, Wall T. Scales for The Measurement of Some Work Attitudes and Aspects of Psychological Well-Being. J Occup Psychol. 1979;52(2):129-148. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1979.tb00448.x
  16. Aditama H, Saputri A, Fadhilah D, et al. Description of Professional Fee for Pharmacist in Sleman. J Manaj Dan Pelayanan Farm J Manag Pharm Pract. 2018;8(2):51. doi:10.22146/jmpf.34062
  17. Rijaluddin MK, Utami W, Othman Z, et al. Exploration of Barriers Affecting Job Satisfaction among Community Pharmacists. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2019;30(6). doi:10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0325
  18. Rotimi JOB, Ramanayaka CDE, Olatunji OA, Rotimi FE. Migrant construction workers’ demography and job satisfaction: a New Zealand study. Eng Constr Archit Manag. 2021;ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). doi:10.1108/ECAM-05-2021-0457
  19. Goetz K, Campbell SM, Broge B, Dörfer CE, Brodowski M, Szecsenyi J. The Impact of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors on The Job Satisfaction of Dentists. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2012;40(5):474-480. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.2012.00693.x
  20. Heritage B, Pollock C, Roberts LD. Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Warr, Cook, and Wall’s (1979) Job Satisfaction Scale. Aust Psychol. Published online 2015:9.
  21. Hincapie AL, Yandow S, Hines S, Martineau M, Warholak T. Job Satisfaction among Chain Community Pharmacists: Results from a Pilot Study. Pharm Pract Internet. 2012;10(4):227-233. doi:10.4321/S1886-36552012000400007
  22. Saharuddin TS, Satibi S, Andayani TM. Analisis Perspektif Pembelajaran dan Pertumbuhan dalam Mengukur Kinerja Instalasi Farmasi RSUD A.M. Parikesit Tenggarong Kutai Kartanegara Kalimantan Timur dengan Pendekatan Balanced Scorecard. J Ilm Manuntung. 2019;5(1):97-105. doi:10.51352/jim.v5i1.234
  23. Teong WW, Ng YK, Paraidathathu T, Chong WW. Job satisfaction and stress levels among community pharmacists in Malaysia. J Pharm Pract Res. 2019;49(1):9-17. doi:10.1002/jppr.1444
  24. Goetz K, Hasse P, Campbell SM, et al. Evaluation of job satisfaction and working atmosphere of dental nurses in Germany. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2016;44(1):24-31. doi:10.1111/cdoe.12186
  25. Mohammed Yimam, Teshome Sosengo, Gedefew Asmare. Assessment of Job Satisfaction Among Pharmacy Professionals Working at Drug Stores in Mizan Aman And Tepi Town, Southwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Open J Pharm Sci Res. Published online February 10, 2021:12-20. doi:10.36811/ojpsr.2021.110011
  26. Rast S, Tourani A. Evaluation of Employees’ Job Satisfaction and Role of Gender Difference: An Empirical Study at Airline Industry in Iran. 2012;3(7):11.
  27. Carvajal MJ, Popovici I. Gender, age, and pharmacists’ job satisfaction. Pharm Pract. 2018;16(4):1396. doi:10.18549/PharmPract.2018.04.1396
  28. Slimane NSB. Motivation and Job Satisfaction of Pharmacists in Four Hospitals in Saudi Arabia. J Health Manag. 2017;19(1):39-72. doi:10.1177/0972063416682559
  29. Sobandi SR, Suharyo A, Dimyati A. Pengaruh Faktor Intrinsik Dan Faktor Ekstrinsik Terhadap Motivasi Pegawai Di Kecamatan Metro Pusat Kota Metro. J Kebijak Pelayanan Publik. 2020;6(1):53-62.
  30. Tan SK. Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory on Work Motivation: Does it Works for Todays Environment? Glob J Commer Manag Perspect. 2013;2:18-22.
  31. Munger MA, Gordon E, Hartman J, Vincent K, Feehan M. Community pharmacists’ occupational satisfaction and stress: A profession in jeopardy? J Am Pharm Assoc. 2013;53(3):282-296. doi:10.1331/JAPhA.2013.12158
  32. Radwan RM, Bentley JP, Patterson JA, Dixon DL, Salgado TM. Predictors of job satisfaction among pharmacists: A regional workforce survey. Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm. 2022;5:100124. doi:10.1016/j.rcsop.2022.100124
  33. Teong WW, Ng YK, Paraidathathu T, Chong WW. Job satisfaction and stress levels among community pharmacists in Malaysia. J Pharm Pract Res. 2019;49(1):9-17. doi:10.1002/jppr.1444
  34. Xi X, Huang Y, Lu Q, Ung COL, Hu H. Community pharmacists’ opinions and practice of pharmaceutical care at chain pharmacy and independent pharmacy in China. Int J Clin Pharm. 2019;41(2):478-487. doi:10.1007/s11096-019-00802-w
  35. Pencavel J. The Productivity of Working Hours. Econ J. 2015;125(589):2052-2076. doi:10.1111/ecoj.12166
  36. Jacobs S, Hassell K, Ashcroft D, Johnson S, O’Connor E. Workplace stress in community pharmacies in England: associations with individual, organizational and job characteristics. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2014;19(1):27-33. doi:10.1177/1355819613500043
  37. Raziq A, Maulabakhsh R. Impact of Working Environment on Job Satisfaction. Procedia Econ Finance. 2015;23:717-725. doi:10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00524-9



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.90317

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 298 | views : 194

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice)

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

©Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi
Faculty of Pharmacy
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Creative Commons License
View My Stats