VICTIM’S REPARATIONS OF THE 1965-1966 GROSS HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN PALU CITY
Andrey Sujatmoko(1*)
(1) Universitas Trisakti
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Abstract
The Vienna Declaration and Program of Actions (VDPA)1993 recommends that each state consider the desirability of drawing up a national action plan of human rights. In Indonesia, it is reflected in “Rencana Aksi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia/RANHAM” and “Rencana Aksi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia Daerah/RANHAMDA” or the Indonesia National and Local Plan of Action on Human Rights. The best practice of the Local Plan of Action on Human Rights has conducted by the Local Government of Palu City-Central Sulawesi concerning the victim reparations of the 1965-1966 case as the past gross human rights violations that occurred in Palu City. The said reparations have implemented through economic and social programs as non-judicial reparations. This article will analyze the victim reparations of the past gross human rights violations of the 1965-1966 case in Palu City conducted by the Local Government of Palu City-Central Sulawesi.
Intisari
Deklarasi Wina dan Program Aksi tahun 1993 merekomendasikan bahwa tiap-tiap negara mempertimbangkan keinginannya untuk menyusun suatu rencana aksi nasional hak asasi manusia. Di Indonesia, hal itu direfleksikan di dalam Rencana Aksi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia (RANHAM) dan Rencana Aksi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia Daerah (RANHAMDA). Praktik terbaik RANHAMDA telah dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Daerah Kota Palu-Sulawesi Tengah mengenai pemulihan korban kasus 1965-1966 sebagai pelanggaran berat Hak Asasi Manusia masa lalu yang terjadi di Kota Palu. Pemulihan tersebut telah diimplementasikan melalui program-program ekonomi dan sosial sebagai pemulihan yang bersifat non-yudisial. Artikel ini akan menganalisis pemulihan korban pelanggaran berat HAM masa lalu pada kasus 1965-1966 di Kota Palu yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Daerah Kota Palu-Sulawesi Tengah.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
A. Books
Berends, Charlotte, et al., 2013, Human Rights Cities: Motivations, Mechanisms, Implications A Case Study of European HRCs, University College Roosevelt, Middelburg,
Eide, Asbjørn, 2000, Economic and Social Rights, in Janusz Symonides, (ed.), Human Rights: Concept and Standards, Dartmouth Publishing Company Limited, Aldersho.
Firdaus, Moh. Syafari, et al., 2015, Ringkasan Eksekutif Penelitian dan Verifikasi Korban Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Peristiwa 1965/1966 di Kota Palu, e-book, 1st Edition Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah (Bappeda) Kota Palu Solidaritas Korban Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia (SKP-HAM), Palu.
Gibney, Mark, 2016, International Human Rights Law Returning to Universal Principles, 2nd edition, the Roman and Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc., Lanham-Maryland.
H., Antonio Pradjasto, et.al., 2015, Panduan Kabupaten dan Kota Ramah Hak Asasi Manusia, International NGO Forum on Indonesian Development (INFID), Jakarta.
Hefner, Robert W., 1990, The Political Economy of Mountain Java: An Interpretative History, University of California Press, Berkeley.
Komnas HAM R.I., 2014, Ringkasan Eksekutif Laporan Penyelidikan Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Berat, Komnas HAM R.I., Jakarta.
Mastura, Rusdy, 2016, Palu dan Godam Melawan Keangkuhan Kisah di Balik Permohonan Maaf pada Korban Pelanggaran HAM Peristiwa 1965-1966, Rayyana Komunikasindo, Jakarta.
Paramarta, Y. Ambeg, et. al., 2016, Pemulihan Hak Ekonomi dan Sosial Korban Pelanggaran Berat Hak Asasi Manusia Masa Lalu, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM, Kemeterian Hukum dan HAM R.I., Jakarta.
Provost, René, 2002, International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Robinson, Geoffrey, 1995, The Dark Side of Paradise: Political Violence in Bali, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N.Y.
Shelton, Dinah, 1999, Remedies in International Human Rights Law, Oxford University Press, New York.
B. Journal Articles
Bunti, Antonio, et al., “International Law Obligations to Provide Reparations for Human Rights Abuses”, Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law, Vol. 6, No. 4, December 1999.
Cribb, Robert, “Unresolved Problems in the Indonesian Killings of 1965-1966”, Asian Survey, Vol. 42, No. 4, Jul/Aug 2002.
Laplante, Lisa J., “On the Indivisibility of Rights: Truth Commissions, Reparations, and the Right to Development”, Yale Human Rights and Development Journal, Vol.10, Issue.1, 2007.
Neuman, Gerald L., “Bi-Level Remedies for Human Rights Violations”, Harvard International Law Journal, Vol. 55, No. 2, Summer 2014.
Nusantara, Abdul Hakim G. “Kompensasi Bagi Korban Pelanggaran HAM Berat: Perspektif Komparatif”, Jurnal Perlindungan, Vol. 1, No. 4.
Radu, Bianca Elena “Transitional Justice in Romania: Reparations for The Victims of the Communist Regime and Legal Order”, Lex ET Scientia International Journal, Vol. 1, No. 23, 2016.
C. Research Report/ Thesis
Kasim, Aminuddin, 2014, Implementasi Tanggung Jawab Pemerintah Kota Palu dalam Pemenuhan Hak-Hak Dasar bagi Korban Dugaan Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Tahun 1965/1966 di Kota Palu Tahun 2014, Laporan Penelitian, Tim Peneliti Bentukan Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah (BAPPEDA) Kota Palu.
Sudjatmiko, Iwan Gardono, “The Destruction of the Indonesian Communist Party: A Comparative Analysis of East Java and Bali”, Ph.D. diss., Harvard University, 1992.
Sulistyo, Hermawan, “The Forgotten Years: The Missing History of Indonesia’s Mass Slaughter (Jombang-Kediri 1965-1966)”, Ph.D. diss., Arizona University, 1997
D. Paper/Speech
Semendawai, Abdul Haris, “Pendekatan Hak Ekonomi, Sosial, dan Budaya: Membangun Kerangka Kerja Bersama untuk Pemulihan Korban Diskriminasi Sistemik”, Dialog Nasional KKPK 2018, Jakarta, 18 September 2018.
E. Article in An Anthology with Editor
Goodfellow, Robert, “Forgetting What It Is to Remember the Indonesian Killings of 1965-19,” in Kenneth Christie and Robert Cribb, 2002, Historical Injustice and Democratic Transition in Eastern Asia and Northern Europe: Ghosts at the Table of Democracy, Curzon Press, , Richmond, England.
Greiff, Pablo de, “Justice and Reparations”, in Pablo De Greiff, 2006, The Handbook of Reparations, Oxford University Press, New York.
F. Articles of a Magazine or Newspaper:
Pelanggaran HAM: “Presiden: Penyelesaian Jangan Konfrontatif”, Kompas, 21 April 2016.
Pillay, Navanethem, “Establishing Effective Accountability Mechanisms for Human Rights Violations: [1]”, U.N. Chronicle, Vol. 49, No. 4, 2012.
.
G. Internet____,“Praktik Terbaik dari Palu untuk Penyelesaian Pelanggaran HAM Masa Lalu”, http://elsam. or.id/2016/03/praktik-terbaik-dari-palu-untuk-penyelesaian-pelanggaran-ham-masa-lalu/, accessed in 22 January 2018.
____,”Responsibility of States for internationally wrongful act”, http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/viewdoc.asp?symbol=A/RES/71/133, accessed in 05 July 2018.
____, “States and local governments: Shared and complementary duties to respect, protect and fulfil human rights”, No. 21, 6. http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/ Session30/Documents/A_HRC_30_49_ENG.docx, accessed in 01 August 2018.
___, Vienna Declaration and Program of Action, http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/ _Vienna.aspx, accessed in 02 August 2018.
Kristian Erdianto, “Kerancuan Seputar Pembentukan Dewan Kerukunan Nasional”, https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2017/01/11/07093061/kerancuan.seputar.pembentukan.dewan.kerukunan.nasional?page=all, accessed in 06 Agustus 2018.
Muhidin, Neni, “Menilik Rekonsiliasi 1965 di Tanah Kaili”, https://beritagar.id/indexphp/ artikel/laporan-khas/menilik-rekonsiliasi-1965-di-tanah-kaili, accessed in 31 July 2018.
Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, “Professional Training Series No. 10 Handbook on National Human Rights Plans of Action”, United Nations New York and Geneva, 29 August 2002, http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/training10en.pdf, accessed in 11 October 2018.
Tempo.co, “Berapa Sebenarnya Korban Pembantaian Pasca-G30S 1965?”, https://nasional.tempo.co/read/763665/berapa-sebenarnya-korban-pembantaian-pasca-g30s-1965, accessed in 8 August 2018.
United Nations Human Rights Office of The High Commisioner, “International Human Rights Law”, https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/internationallaw.aspx, accessed in 09 July 2018.
H. Legislation
Articles on Responsibility of States for internationally wrongful acts; adopted by the International Law Commission at its fifty-third session (2001), Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-sixth session, Supplement No. 10 (A/56/10).
Peraturan Presiden Nomor 23 Tahun 2011 tentang Rencana Aksi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia Tahun 2011-2014.
Peraturan Walikota Palu Nomor 25 Tahun 2013 tentang Rencana Aksi Hak Asasi Manusia Daerah.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.39649
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 3177 | views : 2389Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2020 Andrey Sujatmoko
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.