Self-Efficacy Family Caregiver dalam Merawat Pasien Demensia: Studi Deskriptif di RSUP Dr. Sardjito, Indonesia

https://doi.org/10.22146/jkkk.89029

Anggraini Lizdiana Wulandari(1*), Heny Suseani Pangastuti(2), Christantie Effendy(3)

(1) Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Departemen Keperawatan Medikal Bedah, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Departemen Keperawatan Medikal Bedah, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Background: Dementia symptoms gradually hinder patients’ ability to perform daily activities, necessitating support from various parties particularly family caregivers. Self-efficacy is believed to have a positive influence on family caregivers, contributing to improved mental health, adaptive coping, and reduced psychological distress when dealing with the challenges associated with dementia patient care. Despite these potential benefits, research on family caregiver self-efficacy in caring for dementia patients in Indonesia remains limited, making this study necessary.
Objective: To explore the self-efficacy of family caregivers in treating dementia patients.
Methods: The study is quantitative descriptive approach employed a cross-sectional design involving 53 family caregivers of dementia patients from the Memory Clinic of RSUP Dr. Sardjito, Indonesia, selected through purposive sampling. The research instrument used was the Caregiver Self-efficacy Scale (CaSES). Univariate analysis was employed using mean and standard deviation scores for numeric ratio data.
Results: The study identified four domains assessing family caregivers’ self-efficacy, with an average value of 3,09 ± 0,84. The domains included self-maintenance 3,18 ± 0,81, emotional connectivity 3,05 ± 0,87, instrumental caregiving 3,15 ± 0,82, and resilience 2,99 ±0,85.
Conclusion: The results indicated that family caregivers exhibit relatively high levels of self-efficacy in treating dementia patients. Notably, family caregivers demonstrated the highest self-efficacy in the self-maintenance domain and the lowest in the resilience domain.

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Gejala demensia secara bertahap menghambat kemampuan pasien untuk melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari sehingga memerlukan dukungan dari berbagai pihak terutama pengasuh keluarga. Self-efficacy diyakini memiliki pengaruh positif bagi family caregiver dalam hal peningkatan kesehatan mental, penyesuaian diri yang adaptif, dan pengurangan tekanan psikologis saat menghadapi tantangan yang terkait dengan perawatan pasien demensia. Meskipun memiliki potensi manfaat tersebut, penelitian mengenai self-efficacy family caregiver dalam merawat pasien demensia di Indonesia masih terbatas, sehingga penelitian ini menjadi penting.
Tujuan: Untuk mengeksplorasi self-efficacy family caregiver dalam merawat pasien demensia.
Metode: Penelitian ini deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan melibatkan 53 pengasuh keluarga pasien demensia dari Klinik Memori RSUP Dr. Sardjito, Indonesia, yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah Caregiver Self-efficacy Scale (CaSES). Analisis univariat digunakan dengan menggunakan nilai mean dan standar deviasi untuk data rasio numerik.
Hasil: Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi empat domain self-efficacy dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 3,09 ± 0,84. Domain-domain tersebut meliputi self-maintenance 3,18 ± 0,81, emotional connectivity 3,05 (SD ± 0,87, instrumental caregiving 3,15 ± 0,82, dan resilience 2,99 ± 0,85.
Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa para family caregiver memiliki tingkat self-efficacy yang relatif tinggi dalam merawat pasien demensia. Secara khusus, para pengasuh keluarga menunjukkan self-efficacy tertinggi dalam domain self-maintenance dengan terendah domain resilience.


Keywords


demensia; family caregiver; self-efficacy

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. World Health Organization. The Top 10 Causes of Death [homepage on the internet]. c. 2018. [Update 9 Des 2020; cited 2018]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/
  2. Prince M, Comas-Herrera A, Knapp M, Guerchet M, Karagiannidou M. Improving healthcare for people living with dementia: coverage, quality and costs now and in the future. London: Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI); 2015.
  3. Prince M, Anders W, Guerchet M, Tzu Wu, Prina M. World Alzheimer Report. The Global Impact of Dementia: An Analysis of prevalence, incidence, cost and trends. London: Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI); 2015.
  4. Suriastini NW, Turana Y, Witoelar F, Supraptilah B, Wicaksono TY, et al. Angka prevalensi demensia: perlu perhatian kita semua. Policy brief 2016. Yogyakarta: Survey METER; 2016.
  5. Dementia Australia. What is Dementia?.c.2018. [Homepage on the internet]. c.2018 [Update 2022; cited 2018]. Available from: https://www.dementia.org.au/.
  6. Alzheimer’s Research UK. Learn About Dementia [Homepage on the internet]. c.2018 [Update 2023; cited 2018]. Available from: www.alzheimersresearchuk.org
  7. Musich S, Wang SS, Kraemer S, Hawkins K, Wicker E. Caregivers for older adults: Prevalence, characteristics, and health care utilization and expenditures. Geriatr Nurs. 2017; 38(1): 9-16
  8. Shankar KN, Hirschman KB, Hanlon A, Naylor MD. Burden among caregivers of elders who were cognitively impaired at the time of hospitalization: a cross-sectional analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014; 62(2): 276-284.
  9. Lopez J, Romero-Moreno R, Marquez-Gonzalez M, Losada A. Spirituality and self-efficacy in dementia family caregiving: trust in God and in yourself. International Psychogeriatrics. 2012;24(12):1943–1952.
  10. Ozge A, Ince B, Somay G, Cakmak S. E, Uluduz D, et al. The Caregiver burden and stroke prognosis. Journal of Neurological science. 2009; 26(2): 139-152.
  11. Au A, Lau K. M, Sit E, Cheung G, Lai MK., et al. The role of self-efficacy in the Alzheimer’s family caregiver stress pocess: A partial mediator between physical health and depressive symptoms. Clinical Gerontologist. 2010;33(4):298-315.
  12. Bartfay E, Bartfay WJ. Quality-of-life outcomes among Alzheimer’s disease family caregivers following community-based intervention. West J Nurs Res. 2013; 35(1): 98-116.
  13. Weiner M. F, & Lipton A. M. Textbook of Alzheimer disease and other dementias. American: The American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc; 2009
  14. Mohamed S, Rosenheck R, Lyketsos CG, Schneider LS. Caregiver burden in alzheimer disease: Cross-sectional and longitudinal patient correlates. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2010; 18(10): 917-927.
  15. Crellin N, Charlesworth G, Orrell M. Measuring family caregiver efficacy for managing behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia: a psychometric evaluation. International Psychogeriatrics. 2014; 26(1): 93–103.
  16. Son J, Erno A, Shea DG, Femia EE, Zarit SH, et al. The caregiver stress process and health outcomes. Journal of Aging & Health. 2007;19(6):871-887.
  17. Folkman S, Moskowitz JT. Positive affect an the other side of coping. American Psychologist. 2000; 55(6): 647-654.
  18. Barmann CM. The roles of self-efficacy and avoidant coping as partial mediators between perceived emotion regulation and depressive symptoms in alzheimer’s family caregivers, dissertation, Faculty of The California School of professional psychology. Alliant International University: ProQuest LLC; 2015.
  19. Zhang S, Guo Q, Edwards H, Yates P, Li C. Self-efficacy moderation and mediation roles on BPSD and social support influences on subjective caregiver burden in Chinese spouse caregivers of dementia patients. International Psychogeriatrics. 2014; 26(9): 1465–1473.
  20. Ugalde A, Krishnasamy M, Schofield P. Develompnet of an instrument to measure self-efficacy in caregivers of people with advanced cancer. Psycho-Oncology. 2013; 22: 1428-1434.
  21. Kartikasari D, Handayani F. Pemenuhan kebutuhan dasar manusia pada lansia demensia oleh keluarga. Jurnal Nursing Studies. 2012; 1(1): 175-182.
  22. Prabasari NA, Juwita L, Maryuti I. A. pengalaman keluarga dalam merawat lansia di rumah (studi fenomenologi). Jurnal Ners LENTERA. 2017; 5(6): 56-68.
  23. Asmadi. Teknik Prosedural Keperawatan: Konsep dan Aplikasi Kebutuhan Dasar Klien. Jakarta: Salemba Medika; 2008
  24. Nwinee J. Socio behavioural self care management nursing model. West African Journal of Nursing. 2011; 22: 91-98.
  25. Mahardhika DN. Gambaran outcome perawatan paliatif menurut caregiver dan tingkat efikasi diri caregiver pada pasien dengan kanker di rumah sakit umum daerah dr. moewardi surakarta [Skripsi]. Yogyakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran UGM; 2016.
  26. Bandura A. Chapter 14: Guide for constructing self-efficacy scales. In F. Pajares & T. Urdan (Eds.). Self-efficacy Beliefs of Adolescent.Greenwich: Age Publishing; 2006
  27. Alzheimer’s Association. Alzheimer’s disease facts and figure, alzheimer’s & dementia. Alzheimer & Dementia. 2010; 6(2): 158-94.
  28. Wahyuningtiyas MM, Suhadi, Supriyono M. Peran keluarga secara informal dalam melakukan perawatan pada lanjut usia dengan demensia. Jurnal Keperawatan dan Kebidanan (JIKK). 2013; 1(9): 550-556.
  29. Riasmini NM, Sahar J, Resnayati Y. Pengalaman keluarga dalam penanganan lanjut usia di masyarakat dari aspek budaya indonesia. Jurnal Ners. 2013; 8(1): 98-106.
  30. Putri YSE. Prediktor beban merawat dan tingkat depresi caregiver dalam merawat lanjut usia dengan demensia di masyarakat. Jurnal Ners. 2013; 8 (1): 88-97.
  31. Allender JA, Spardley BW. Community Health Nursing: Promoting and Protecting the Pubilc’s Health. Philadellphia; 2001.
  32. Tumipa SY, Bidjuni H, Lolong J. Hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan kejadian demensia pada lansia di desa tumpaa baru Kecamatan Tumpaan Amurang Minahasa Selatan. E-journal Keperawatan (e-Kp). 2017; (5)1.
  33. Osman A, Wong JL, Bagge CL, Freedenthal S, et al. The depression anxiety stress scales-21 (DASS-21): further examination of dimensions, scale reliability, and correlates. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2012; 68(12): 1322-38.
  34. Tatisina CM. Hubungan beban keluarga dalam merawat lansia dengan demensia di Kecamatan Leihitu Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Jurnal Kesehatan Terpadu. 2015; (6)1: 1-8 .
  35. Bandura A. Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York: Freeman and Company; 1997



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkkk.89029

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1297 | views : 2110

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2020 Anggraini Lizdiana Wulandari, Heny Suseani Pangastuti, Christantie Effendy



Jurnal Keperawatan Klinis dan Komunitas (Clinical and Community Nursing Journal) 
collaborates with DPW PPNI DIY

Lisensi Creative Commons  

Jurnal Keperawatan Klinis dan Komunitas (Clinical and Community Nursing Journal) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.