Dampak Pandemi COVID-19 terhadap Aspek Psikologis Perawat: Studi Literatur

https://doi.org/10.22146/jkkk.75287

Fittriya Kristanti(1*), Tiur Yulianta Simamora(2), Aziz Hidayatulloh(3)

(1) Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Background: As a health worker, nurses put themselves in high risk since they have been exposed in the front line battle against COVID-19 virus. Nurses suffer from physical exhaustion, psychological or mental fatigue, and even excessive stress due to heavy workload.
Objective: To find out the impact of covid toward nurses’ psychological aspect.
Method: The literature review was carried out using the PRISMA flow diagram. Sciencedirect, Willey Online and EBSCO were used as the journal database. The keywords of the PICO framework were Nurse AND Psychological AND Impact of COVID-19. Inclusion criteria included focus on the COVID-19 pandemic, publications in the last 3 years, written in English, and original research. The exclusion criteria was literature review type of article.
Result: As the result, there were 9075 articles consisted of 1751 articles from Sciencedirect database, 3871 articles from Willey Online, 3453 articles from EBSCO, and 5 articles from handsearching. After inclusion and exclusion criterias were applied, there were 16 articles left to be analyzed. These articles discussed the psychological impact on nurses who were facing the COVID-19 pandemic, such as insomnia, sadness, fear, anxiety, depression, stress, suicidal ideation, depersonalization, and PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder).
Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic have impacted nurses in carrying out their duties in health services, hence it needs serious attention to their psychological condition. 

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Sebagai tenaga kesehatan, perawat menempatkan dirinya pada risiko tinggi karena mereka merupakan garda terdepan dalam melawan virus COVID-19. Perawat mengalami kelelahan fisik, kelelahan psikologis/mental, bahkan stres yang berlebihan karena tingginya beban kerja selama pandemi COVID-19.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui dampak COVID-19 terhadap aspek psikologis perawat.
Metode: Tinjauan literatur dilakukan menggunakan alur diagram PRISMA dan database jurnal yang digunakan meliputi Sciencedirect, Willey Online, dan EBSCO. Kata kunci dari kerangka kerja PICO, yaitu Nurse AND Pscyhological AND Impact of COVID-19. Kriteria inklusi meliputi fokus pada pandemi COVID-19, publikasi 3 tahun terakhir, berbahasa Inggris, penelitian asli/original article. Kriteria eksklusinya adalah penelitian artikel jenis review. 
Hasil: Hasil pencarian literatur didapatkan 9075 artikel dengan pencarian database Science Direct 1751 artikel, Willey Online 3871 artikel, EBSCO 3453 artikel dan handsearching 5 artikel. Artikel diskrining sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi sehingga didapatkan 16 artikel utama yang dianalisis. Dampak psikologis yang dirasakan perawat saat menghadapi pandemi COVID-19, meliputi insomnia, kesedihan, ketakutan, kecemasan, depresi, stres, ide bunuh diri, depersonalisasi, dan gangguan stres pascatrauma (post-traumatic stress disorder atau PTSD).
Simpulan: Pandemi COVID-19 berdampak pada perawat dalam menjalankan tugasnya di pelayanan kesehatan sehingga perlu perhatian serius terhadap kondisi psikologis petugas kesehatan.  


Keywords


dampak psikologis; pandemi COVID-19; perawat

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Chen R, Sun C, Chen JJ, Jen HJ, Kang XL, Kao CC, et al. A Large-Scale Survey on Trauma, Burnout, and Posttraumatic Growth among Nurses during The COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. 2021; 30(1): 102–116. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12796.Peng X, Yang Y, Gao P, Ren Y, Hu D, He Q. Negative and Positive Psychological Experience of Frontline Nurses in Combatting COVID-19: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Nursing Management. 2021; 30(7): 2185–2193. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13481.
  2. Kim SC, Quiban C, Sloan C, Montejano A. Predictors of Poor Mental Health among Nurses during COVID-19 Pandemic. Nursing Open; 2021; 8(2): 900–907. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.697.
  3. Xu H, Stjernswärd S, Glasdam S. Psychosocial Experiences of Frontline Nurses Working in Hospital-Based Settings during The COVID-19 Pandemic - A Qualitative Systematic Review. In International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances. 2021; 3(100037): 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnsa.2021.100037.
  4. Häussl A, Ehmann E, Pacher A, Knödl K, Huber T, Neundlinger L, et al. Psychological, Physical, and Social Effects of The COVID-19 Pandemic on Hospital Nurses. International Nursing Review. 2021; 68(4): 482–492. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12716.
  5. Han L, Wong FKY, She DLM, Li SY, Yang YF, Jiang MY, et al. Anxiety and Depression of Nurses in A North West Province in China during The Period of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Outbreak. Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 2020; 52(5): 564–573. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12590.
  6. Tsubono K, Ikeda C. Depressive Symptoms and Stress among Nurses in The COVID Unit: A 7-Month Cohort Study. Japan Journal of Nursing Science. 2022; 19 (3): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/jjns.12477.
  7. Hendy A, Abozeid A, Sallam G, Abboud Abdel Fattah H, Ahmed Abdelkader Reshia F. Predictive Factors Affecting Stress among Nurses Providing Care at COVID-19 Isolation Hospitals at Egypt. Nursing Open. 2021; 8(1): 498–505. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.652.
  8. Höller I, Forkmann T. Ambivalent heroism? – Psychological Burden and Suicidal Ideation among Nurses during The Covid-19 Pandemic. Nursing Open. 2022; 9(1): 785–800. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1130.
  9. Ren C, Zhou D, Fan Y, Li B, Zhang W, Shen Y, et al. Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms among Surgical Nurses during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study. Nursing Open. 2022; 9(1): 752–764. https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fnop2.1127.
  10. Zakeri MA, Hossini Rafsanjanipoor SM, Zakeri M, Dehghan M. The Relationship between Frontline Nurses’ Psychosocial Status, Satisfaction with Life and Resilience during The Prevalence of COVID-19 Disease. Nursing Open. 2021; 8(4): 1829–1839. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.832.
  11. Côté J, Aita M, Chouinard MC, Houle J, Lavoie-Tremblay M, Lessard L, et al. Psychological Distress, Depression Symptoms and Fatigue among Quebec Nursing Staff during The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nursing Open. 2022; 9(3): 1744–1756. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1199.
  12. Guttormson JL, Calkins K, McAndrew N, Fitzgerald J, Losurdo H, Loonsfoot D. Critical Care Nurse Burnout, Moral Distress, and Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A United States Survey. Heart & Lung. 2022; 55: 127–133. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.hrtlng.2022.04.015.
  13. Hu D, Kong Y, Li W, Han Q, Zhang X, Zhu LX, et al. Frontline Nurses’ Burnout, Anxiety, Depression, and Fear Statuses and Their Associated Factors during The COVID-19 Outbreak in Wuhan, China: A Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study. EclinicalMedicine. 2020; 24(14): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100424
  14. Zhang Y, Wang C, Pan W, Zheng J, Gao J, Huang X, et al. Stress, Burnout, and Coping Strategies of Frontline Nurses during The COVID-19 Epidemic in Wuhan and Shanghai, China. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2020; 11: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.565520.
  15. Mousavi M, Ahmadi N, Ghaheh HS, Vaezi A, Javanmard SH. Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Health-Care Workers: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 2021; 26(1): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.4103%2Fjrms.JRMS_1046_20.
  16. Parveen S, Awan S, Rabbani F, Pervaiz F, Khan A, Khan A, et al. Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health. Pak Armed Forces Med. In J. 2020; 70(4): 838-842.
  17. Bonnet MH, Arand DL. Hyperarousal and Insomnia: State of The Science. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2010; 14(1): 9-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2009.05.002.
  18. Huang CL, Wu MP, Ho CH, Wang JJ. Risks of Treated Anxiety, Depression, and Insomnia among Nurses: A Nationwide Longitudinal Cohort Study. PLoS One. 2018; 13(9): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204224. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204224.
  19. Wu J, Rong X, Chen F, Diao Y, Chen D, Jing et al. Investigation on Sleep Quality of First-Line Nurses in Fighting Against Corona Virus Disease 2019 and Its Influencing Factors. Chinese Nursing Research. 2020; 34(4): 558– 562. Available from https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/global-literature-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/resource/en/covidwho-1017209.
  20. Lockley S W, Barger LK, Ayas NT, Rothschild JM, Czeisler CA, Landrigan CP. Effects of Health Care Provider Work Hours and Sleep Deprivation on Safety and Performance. Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety. 2007; 33(11): 7– 18. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1553-7250(07)33109-7.
  21. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (online) [page on the internet]. c.2023. [update 2023; cited 2023]. Available from https://kbbi.web.id/kesedihan.
  22. Coşkun Şimşek D, Günay U. Experiences of Nurses Who Have Children When Caring for COVID‐19 Patients. International nursing review. 2021; 68(2): 219-227. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12651.
  23. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (online) [page on the internet]. c.2023. [update 2023; cited 2023]. Available from https://kbbi.web.id/ketakutan.
  24. Draganović S, Kurulmaz B. Depression and Anxiety Levels among Chronic Kidney Patients. Epiphany. 2019;11(1): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21533/epiphany.v11i1.289.
  25. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (online) [page on the internet]. c. 2023. [update 2023; cited 2023]. Available from https://kbbi.web.id/depresi.
  26. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (online) [page on the internet]. c. 2023. [update 2023; cited 2023]. Available from https://kbbi.web.id/stres.
  27. King RA, Apter A. Suicide in Children and Adolescents. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkkk.75287

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 862 | views : 712

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Fittriya Kristanti, Tiur Yulianta Simamora, Aziz Hidayatulloh



Jurnal Keperawatan Klinis dan Komunitas (Clinical and Community Nursing Journal) 
collaborates with DPW PPNI DIY

Lisensi Creative Commons  

Jurnal Keperawatan Klinis dan Komunitas (Clinical and Community Nursing Journal) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.