Hubungan Persepsi Orang Tua terkait Dukungan Keluarga dengan Masalah Psikososial pada Anak dengan Leukemia

https://doi.org/10.22146/jkkk.67684

Evita Dwi Nastiti(1*), Itsna Luthfi Kholisa(2), Fitri Haryanti(3)

(1) Mahasiswa Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Departemen Keperawatan Anak dan Maternitas, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Departemen Keperawatan Anak dan Maternitas, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Background: Leukemia is the most common childhood cancer. Leukemia and its treatment have side effects on the physical and psychosocial health of the sufferer, which are still rarely studied. Psychosocial problems in children with leukemia can affect care and treatment process. One of the factors that can influence psychosocial problems in children with leukemia is family support.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between parents' perceptions of family support and psychosocial problems of children with leukemia in RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta.
Method: This was a descriptive-analytic research with a cross-sectional approach. Subjects were 43 children with leukemia aged 5-18 years and their parents who were selected using the purposive sampling technique. The inclusion criteria in this study were children with leukemia who were treated at RSUD Dr Moewardi, parents who in the past week treated children with leukemia, could speak Indonesian, and filled out informed consent. Parents' perceptions of family support were measured by the family support instrument and psychosocial problems were measured by the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC)-17. The analysis was carried out by Spearman Rank.
Result: Parents' perceptions of family support were 55,8% in the moderate category. The majority of leukemia children did not experience psychosocial problems (97,7%) however, 6 children experienced psychosocial problems in the internalization domain. There was no significant relationship between parents' perceptions of family support and psychosocial problems in children with leukemia as it showed p-value of 0,576 (p>0,05).
Conclusion: Parents' perceptions of family support is not corelated with psychosocial problems in children with leukemia in RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta.

 

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Leukemia merupakan kanker yang paling banyak terjadi pada anak. Leukemia dan pengobatannya memberi efek samping bagi kesehatan fisik dan psikososial pasien anak yang saat ini masih jarang diteliti. Masalah psikososial pada anak leukemia dapat memengaruhi proses perawatan dan pengobatannya. Salah satu faktor yang dapat memengaruhi masalah psikososial pada anak leukemia adalah pemberian dukungan keluarga.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan persepsi orang tua terkait dukungan keluarga dengan masalah psikososial anak leukemia di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta.
Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Subjek penelitian yaitu 43 anak leukemia berusia 5-18 tahun dan orang tuanya yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Kriteria inklusi dalam penelitian ini antara lain, anak leukemia yang sedang menjalani perawatan di RSUD Dr Moewardi, orang tua yang dalam satu minggu terakhir merawat anak dengan leukemia, dapat berbahasa Indonesia dan mengisi informed consent. Persepsi orang tua terkait dukungan keluarga diukur dengan instrumen dukungan keluarga dan masalah psikososial diukur dengan Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC)-17. Analisis dilakukan dengan Spearman Rank.
Hasil: Persepsi orang tua terkait dukungan keluarga sebanyak 55,8% dalam kategori sedang. Mayoritas anak leukemia tidak mengalami masalah psikososial (97,7%). Namun, terdapat 6 anak yang mengalami masalah psikososial pada domain internalisasi. Hasil uji hubungan antara persepsi orang tua terkait dukungan keluarga dengan masalah psikososial anak leukemia menunjukkan hasil p-value 0,576 (p>0,05) yang berarti tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan.
Simpulan: Persepsi orang tua terkait dukungan keluarga tidak berhubungan dengan masalah psikososial anak leukemia di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta.


Keywords


anak leukemia; dukungan keluarga; masalah psikososial

Full Text:

PDF


References

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Kendalikan Kanker pada Anak [Internet]. http://www.depkes.go.id/article/view/16021600001/kendalikan-kanker-pada-anak.html. 2016 [cited 2021 Nov 15]. Available from: https://www.kemkes.go.id/article/view/16021600001/kendalikan-kanker-pada-anak.html

Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian. Buletin Jendela Data dan Informasi Kesehatan Edisi Semester I Tahun 2015: Situasi Penyakit Kanker. Journal of Chemical Information and Modelling. 2015; 53(9): 1689–99.

Li HCW, Lopez V, Joyce Chung OK, Ho KY, Chiu SY. The Impact of Cancer on The Physical, Psychological and Social Well-Being of Childhood Cancer Survivors. European Journal of Oncology Nursing: The Official Journal of European Oncology Nursing Society. 2013 Apr; 17(2): 214–9.

Sitaresmi MN, Mostert S, Gundy CM, Sutaryo, Veerman AJP. Health-Related Quality of Life Assessment in Indonesian Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 2008 Nov 9; 6: 96.

An H, Lee S. Difficulty in Returning to School among Adolescent Leukemia Survivors: A Qualitative Descriptive Study. European Journal of Oncology Nursing: The Official Journal of European Oncology Nursing Society. 2019 Feb 1; 38: 70–5.

Gunawan S, Wolters E, van Dongen J, van de Ven P, Sitaresmi M, Veerman A, et al. Parents’ and Health-Care Providers’ Perspectives on Side-Effects of Childhood Cancer Treatment in Indonesia. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2021 Nov 15]; 15(8): 3593–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24870763/

Afitasari A, Sofyani S, Mutiara E. Perbandingan Gangguan Perilaku Anak Penderita Penyakit Jantung Bawaan dan Saudaranya yang Sehat. Sari Pediatri. 2016 Nov 9; 16(1): 53–6.

Dupuis LL, Lu X, Mitchell HR, Sung L, Devidas M, Mattano LA, et al. Anxiety, Pain, and Nausea during The Treatment of Standard-Risk Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Prospective, Longitudinal Study from The Children’s Oncology Group. Cancer. 2016 Apr 1; 122(7): 1116–25.

Sitaresmi MN, Mostert S, Purwanto I, Gundy CM, Sutaryo, Veerman AJP. Chemotherapy-Related Side Effects in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Indonesia: Parental Perceptions. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing: Official Journal of The Association of Pediatric Oncology Nurses. 2009 Jul; 26(4): 198–207.

Firoozi, M; Rahmat AG. Behavioral Disturbances in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Life Science Journal [Internet]. 2013;10(1):2897–902. Available from: http://www.lifesciencesite.com.

Li HCW, Lopez V, Joyce Chung OK, Ho KY, Chiu SY. The Impact of Cancer on The Physical, Psychological and Social Well-Being of Childhood Cancer Survivors. European Journal of Oncology Nursing: The Official Journal of European Oncology Nursing Society. 2013 Apr; 17(2): 214–9.

Sitaresmi MN, Mostert S, Gundy CM, Sutaryo, Veerman AJP. Health-Related Quality of Life Assessment in Indonesian Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes [Internet]. 2008 Nov 9 [cited 2021 Nov 15]; 6: 96. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC2613134/

Nunes MDR, Jacob E, Bomfim EO, Lopes-Junior LC, de Lima RAG, Floria-Santos M, et al. Fatigue and Health related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents with Cancer. European Journal of Oncology Nursing: The Official Journal of European Oncology Nursing Society [Internet]. 2017 Aug 1 [cited 2021 Nov 15]; 29: 39. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC5573875/

Putranti E. Pengaruh Dukungan Keluarga terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan Anak Sakit Kanker di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta [Skripsi] [Internet]. Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Surakarta: Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta; 2016 [cited 2021 Nov 15]. Available from: http://eprints.ums.ac.id/44861/1/NASKAH%20PUBLIKASI.pdf

Pratiwi E, Mulatsih S. Hubungan Spiritualitas dengan Kualitas Hidup pada Penyandang Kanker Anak di RSUP Dr Sardjito Yogyakarta [Skripsi]. Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan. Yogyakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2015.

Nazari S, Koupaei M, Shafiee A, Kashani Z, Bahraminia E, Ansari M, et al. Emotional/Behavioral Problems in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Case-Control Study - PubMed. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2021 Nov 15];8(2):14–20. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24800034/

Friedman MM, Bowden VR, Jones EG. Buku Ajar Keperawatan Keluarga: Riset Teori & Praktik Ed.5. Jakarta: EGC; 2010.

Indriyatmo W. Hubungan antara Dukungan Keluarga dengan Motivasi untuk Sembuh pada Pasien Kanker yang Menjalani Kemoterapi di Ruang One Day Care RSUD Dr Moewardi [Skripsi]. Surakarta: STIKES Kusuma Husada Surakarta; 2015.

Azizah U, Haryan F, Wahyuni B, Keperawatan MM, Kedokteran F, Masyarakat K, et al. Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Masalah Psikososial Remaja di Wilayah Bantaran Kali Code Kota Yogyakarta. Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat. 2018 Jul 25;34(10):281–90.

Ali, K; Sutaryo, Purwanto, I; Mulatsih, S; Supriyadi, E; Widjajanto, P. H; Sumadiono, Nurse J. Yogyakarta Pediatric Cancer Registry: An International Collaborative Project of University Gadjah Mada, University of Saskatchewan, and The Saskatchewan Cancer Agency. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2010; 131–6.

Zahari Chandra Negara I, Indriati G, Annis Nauli F, Studi Ilmu Keperawatan P. Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Tingkat Kecemasan pada Anak Leukimia Akibat Kemoterapi di RSUD Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Keperawatan. 2018 Mar 21;5(0):361–71.

Putri AF. Dukungan Orang Tua yang Memiliki Anak dengan Leukemia Usia 6-12 Tahun di RSU Kabupaten Tangerang. Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran dan Kesehatan, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah; 2015.

Altay, N; Kilicarslan, E; Sari, C; Kisecik Z. Determination of Social Support Needs and Expectations of Mother of Children with Cancer. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing. 2014; 31(3): 147–53.

Setyawati A, Lusmilasari L, Haryanti F. Hubungan antara Dukungan Sosial dengan Masalah Perilaku pada Anak Obesitas di Sekolah Dasar Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Wonosobo I. Yogyakarta: Fakultas, Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2017.

Van Schoors M, De Mol J, Morren H, Verhofstadt LL, Goubert L, Van Parys H. Parents’ Perspectives of Changes Within the Family Functioning After a Pediatric Cancer Diagnosis: A Multi Family Member Interview Analysis. Qualitative Health Research. 2018 Jul 1; 28(8): 1229–41.

National Cancer Institute. Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version. 2019.

Van Schoors M, De Mol J, Morren H, Verhofstadt LL, Goubert L, Van Parys H. Parents’ Perspectives of Changes within The Family Functioning after A Pediatric Cancer Diagnosis: A Multi Family Member Interview Analysis. Qualitative Health Research. 2018 Jul 1; 28(8): 1229–41.

Wahyudi T, Mulatsih S, Hartini S. Faktor Psikososial Orang Tua yang Berhubungan dengan Kecemasan pada Anak Kanker yang Menjalani Kemoterapi di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Moewardi Surakarta [Thesis]. Yogyakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2020.

Adhtiya Y. Keluarga di Masyarakat Jawa dalam Perspektif Cultural Studies - Walisongo Repository [Skripsi]. Semarang: Fakultas Ushuludin, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo; 2015.

Nurhidayah I, Hendrawati S, Mediani HS, Adistie F. Kualitas Hidup pada Anak dengan Kanker. Jurnal Keperawatan Padjadjaran. 2016 Sep 13; 4(1).

Kim DH, Chung NG, Lee S. The Effect of Perceived Parental Rearing Behaviors on Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescents with Leukemia. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing: Official Journal of The Association of Pediatric Oncology Nurses. 2015 Sep 12; 32 (5): 295–303.

Ira Handian F, Hagung Widjajanto P, Studi Ilmu Keperawatan STIKES Maharani Malang P, Sardjito Yogyakarta R. Motivasi, Hambatan dan Strategi Orangtua Keluarga Miskin dalam Merawat Anak dengan Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut (LLA). Care: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kesehatan [Internet]. 2017 Mar 22 [cited 2021 Nov 15];5(1):77–91. Available from: https://jurnal.unitri.ac.id/index.php/care/article/view/393.

Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia. Mengenal Leukemia pada Anak [Internet]. Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia. 2017 [cited 2019 May 12]. Available from: https://www.idai.or.id/artikel/seputar-kesehatan-anak/mengenal-leukemia-pada-anak.

Hockenberry MJ, Wilson D. Wong’s Nursing Care of Infants and Children. In: Mycological Research. 2015.

Hayati, H; Wanda D. “Ketinggalan pelajaran”: Pengalaman Anak Usia Sekolah Menjalani Kemoterapi. Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia. 2016; 19(1): 8–15.

Ay MA, Akyar I. Psychosocial Status of Turkish Families of Pediatric Cancer Patients. Journal of transcultural nursing: official journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society. 2020 May 1;31(3):227–41.

Listyaningrum E, Gamayanti IL, Kholisa IL. Hubungan antara Koping Orang Tua dengan Kualitas Hidup Anak Penderita Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut Di RSUP Dr. Sardjito [Skripsi] Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2015.

Dahlan S. Statistik untuk Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Ed. 6 Seri 1. Jakarta: Epidemiologi Indonesia; 2014.

Kim Y, Lee KS, Koh KN. Difficulties Faced by Long-Term Childhood Cancer Survivors: A Qualitative Study. European Journal of Oncology Nursing: The Official Journal of European Oncology Nursing Society [Internet]. 2018 Oct 1 [cited 2021 Nov 15]; 36: 129–34. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30322503/

Jurnal P, Masyarakat K, Yulianti E, Adnan N. Faktor-Faktor Prognostik Kesintasan 5 Tahun Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut pada Anak Usia 1 - 18 Tahun. Promotif: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat [Internet]. 2020 Dec 26 [cited 2021 Nov 15];10(2):86–96. Available from: https://jurnal.unismuhpalu.ac.id/index.php/PJKM/article/view/1364.

Lemeshow SJrDKJLS. Adequacy of Sample Size in Health Studies. World Health Organization; 1990.

Harahap DF, Sjarif DR, Soedjatmiko S, Widodo DP, Tedjasaputra MS. Identification of Emotional and Behavior Problems in Obese Children using Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and 17-Items Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC-17). Paediatrica Indonesiana [Internet]. 2010 Mar 3 [cited 2021 Nov 15];50(1):42–8. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/155.

Garnisa Mushyama B, dan Konseling B, Pendidikan dan Bimbingan P, Negeri Yogyakarta U. Dukungan Sosial Keluarga pada Anak Penderita Kanker Darah di Yayasan Kasih Anak Kanker Jogja. Jurnal Riset Mahasiswa Bimbingan dan Konseling [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2021 Nov 15];0(0):1. Available from: http://journal.student.uny.ac.id/ojs/index.php/fipbk/article/view/261.

Adhi IS. Kanker Solo: 3C Solo Tangani 80 Anak Penderita Kanker, 25% dari Soloraya [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2020 Jul 17]. Available from: https://www.solopos.com/kanker-solo-3c-solo-tangani-80-anak-penderita-kanker-25-dari-soloraya-691153

Nunes MDR, Jacob E, Bomfim EO, Lopes-Junior LC, de Lima RAG, Floria-Santos M, et al. Fatigue and Health Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents with Cancer. European Journal of Oncology Nursing: The Official Journal of European Oncology Nursing Society [Internet]. 2017 Aug 1 [cited 2021 Nov 15]; 29: 39. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC5573875/



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkkk.67684

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 3652 | views : 2497

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Evita Dwi Nastiti, Itsna Luthfi Kholisa, Fitri Haryanti



Jurnal Keperawatan Klinis dan Komunitas (Clinical and Community Nursing Journal) 
collaborates with DPW PPNI DIY

Lisensi Creative Commons  

Jurnal Keperawatan Klinis dan Komunitas (Clinical and Community Nursing Journal) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.