Merawat di Bawah Tekanan: Faktor Risiko Kejadian Burnout pada Perawat Maternitas dan Bidan: Scoping Review

https://doi.org/10.22146/jkkk.107591

Halfie Zaqiyah Gusti Puspitasari(1*), Sihqina Ramadhani Selwis Raistanti(2), Salsabila Fiqrotu Tsauroh(3), Agustin Agustin(4), Nurfitria Anisa Hutami(5), Riyati Riyati(6), Hariansyah Mokodompit(7), Bonifacio de Jesus Viegas(8), Elsi Dwi Hapsari(9)

(1) Program Studi Magister Keperawatan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Program Studi Magister Keperawatan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Program Studi Magister Keperawatan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(4) Program Studi Magister Keperawatan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(5) Program Studi Magister Keperawatan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(6) Program Studi Magister Keperawatan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(7) Program Studi Magister Keperawatan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(8) Program Studi Magister Keperawatan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(9) Departemen Keperawatan Anak dan Maternitas, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Background: Several factors such as high job demands, unsupportive health care environment, and low salary contribute to burnout among maternity nurses and midwives. Untreated burnout can have a negative impact on the quality of care, the mental health of midwifery nurses and midwives, and therefore patient well-being.
Objective: To identify risk factors for burnout among maternity nurses and midwives.
Method: This study was a scoping review in accordance with Updated Methodological Guidance for The Conduct of Scoping Reviews 2020. Articles were obtained from three electronic data sources, namely PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Wiley. Inclusion criteria included English-language article, published between 2020 and 2024, and original research articles on burnout among maternity nurses and midwives. Articles that did not meet the criterion, such as focusing on maternity nurses and midwives in education context, were excluded. Article selection followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) Guidelines 2020 and quality assessment used the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist 2020 and Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) 2018.
Results: A total of 32.803 articles were found in the search. After screening, eight articles that met the criteria were selected and analyzed further. Based on the analysis results, it was found that the identified risk factors causing burnout in maternity nurses and midwives included socioeconomic status, work experience and duration, unpleasant experiences, job demands, and commitment.
Conclusion: Socioeconomic status, work experience and duration, unpleasant experiences, job demands, and commitment contribute to burnout among maternity nurses and midwives. Therefore, further research is needed to develop burnout prevention strategies to improve the well-being of maternity nurses and midwives.

INTISARI

Latar belakang: Tuntutan pekerjaan yang tinggi, lingkungan fasilitas kesehatan yang kurang mendukung, hingga gaji yang rendah, menjadi beberapa faktor pemicu burnout pada perawat maternitas. Burnout yang tidak ditangani dapat berdampak negatif pada kualitas pelayanan, kesehatan mental perawat maternitas dan bidan, serta kesejahteraan pasien.
Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi faktor risiko burnout pada perawat maternitas dan bidan.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan tinjauan cakupan sesuai dengan pedoman Updated Methodological Guidance for The Conduct of Scoping Reviews tahun 2020. Artikel diperoleh dari tiga sumber data elektronik, yaitu PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Wiley. Kriteria inklusi mencakup artikel berbahasa Inggris yang diterbitkan antara 2020–2024 dan merupakan artikel penelitian orisinal tentang burnout pada perawat maternitas. Artikel yang tidak memenuhi kriteria, yakni berfokus pada perawat atau bidan dalam konteks pendidikan, telah dikeluarkan. Seleksi artikel mengikuti pedoman Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) tahun 2020 serta penilaian kualitas menggunakan Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist tahun 2020 dan Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) tahun 2018.
Hasil: Sebanyak 32.803 artikel ditemukan dalam penelusuran. Setelah dilakukan skrining, didapatkan 8 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria untuk dianalisis lebih lanjut. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, didapatkan bahwa faktor risiko yang teridentifikasi menyebabkan burnout pada perawat maternitas dan bidan di antaranya adalah status sosial demografi, pengalaman dan waktu kerja, pengalaman tidak menyenangkan, tuntutan pekerjaan, dan komitmen.
Simpulan: Status sosial demografi, pengalaman dan waktu kerja, pengalaman tidak menyenangkan, tuntutan pekerjaan, dan komitmen, dapat berkontribusi menyebabkan burnout. Oleh karena itu, penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengembangkan strategi pencegahan burnout dalam rangka meningkatkan kesejahteraan kerja pada perawat maternitas dan bidan.

 


Keywords


Bidan; burnout; kelelahan kerja; kesehatan mental; perawat maternitas

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkkk.107591

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