Identifikasi Intervensi Kesehatan pada Anak sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Obesitas Berbasis Sekolah: Studi Literatur

https://doi.org/10.22146/jkkk.104868

Dhiana Ayu Novitasari(1), Dita Aditia Mamonto(2*)

(1) Program Studi Magister Keperawatan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Program Studi Magister Keperawatan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Background: The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity results in various long-term health impacts. This phenomena is highlighting the need for preventive efforts through school-based health interventions.
Objective: To identify effective strategies and approaches for preventing childhood obesity using a literature review method.
Method: The literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline with the keywords: “Health Intervention Method” AND “School-based” AND “Children” AND “Obesity Risk.” The inclusive criterions were published between 2020 and 2024, used an experimental design, were available in full text with an abstract, and were written in English. Studies involving children with disabilities, mental disorders, or existing obesity were excluded. After reviewing 5.911 articles through Rayyan, six articles were selected as they met all the criteria.
Outcome: The synthesis results indicated that school-based interventions, such as health education, physical activity, nutritional supplementation, and mindfulness, positively impact children’s knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding a healthy lifestyle.
Conclusion: Health education by teachers and the involvement of peer educators are important components with the potential to influence children’s health behaviors in the long term. These findings underscore the importance of an integrated holistic approach within school programs to effectively prevent childhood obesity.

INTISARI

Latar belakang: Prevalensi obesitas pada anak yang terus meningkat menimbulkan berbagai dampak kesehatan jangka panjang. Fenomena ini mendorong perlunya upaya pencegahan melalui intervensi kesehatan berbasis sekolah.
Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi strategi dan pendekatan yang efektif dalam pencegahan obesitas pada anak dengan metode tinjauan literatur.
Metode: Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui database PubMed, Web of Science, dan Medline, menggunakan kata kunci pencarian “health intervention method” AND “school based” AND “children” AND "obesity risk”. Kriteria inklusi artikel, yakni terbit antara tahun 2020-2024, desain studi eksperimental, dapat diakses secara lengkap disertai abstrak, dan berbahasa Inggris. Sementara itu, untuk kriteria eksklusi berupa penelitian dengan anak disabilitas, gangguan mental, dan memiliki status obesitas. Dari 5.911 artikel yang ditemukan, setelah proses seleksi menggunakan Rayyan, dipilih 6 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria.
Hasil: Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa intervensi berbasis sekolah dapat dilakukan dalam bentuk, seperti pendidikan kesehatan, aktivitas fisik, suplementasi nutrisi, dan mindfulness dapat memberikan dampak positif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku anak terkait gaya hidup sehat.
Simpulan: Intervensi kesehatan berbasis sekolah yang efektif dalam pencegahan obesitas pada anak menggunakan berbagai pendekatan. Temuan ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya pendekatan holistik yang terintegrasi dalam program sekolah untuk mencegah obesitas pada anak secara efektif.


Keywords


anak; obesitas; intervensi pencegahan; sekolah

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Flynn AC, Suleiman F, Windsor-Aubrey H, Wolfe I, O’Keeffe M, Poston L, et al. Preventing and Treating Childhood Overweight and Obesity in Children up to 5 Years Old: A Systematic Review by Intervention Setting. Maternal and Child Nutrition. 2022;18(3):1-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13354.

  2. Zhang X, Liu J, Ni Y, Yi C, Fang Y, Ning Q, et al. Global Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(8):800–13. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.1576.

  3. Balasundaram P, Krishna S. Obesity Effects on Child Health. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025.

  4. Jebeile H, Kelly AS, O’Malley G, Baur LA. Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Epidemiology, Causes, Assessment, and Management. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022;10(5):351–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00047-x.

  5. Spiga F, Davies AL, Tomlinson E, Moore TH, Dawson S, Breheny K, Savović J, Gao Y, Phillips SM, Hillier-Brown F, Hodder RK, Wolfenden L, Higgins JP, Summerbell CD. Interventions to Prevent Obesity in Children Aged 5 to 11 Years Old. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024;5(5):1-31. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD015328.pub2.

  6. Pulimeno M, Piscitelli P, Colazzo S, Colao A, Miani A. School as Ideal Setting to Promote Health and Wellbeing among Young People. Health Promot Perspect. 2020;10(4):316–24. https://doi.org/10.34172/hpp.2020.50.

  7. Marsigliante S, Ciardo V, Di Maglie A, My G, Muscella A. Efficacy of School-Based Intervention Programs in Reducing Overweight: A Randomized Trial. Front Nutr. 2022;9(7):1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.1001934.

  8. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 Statement: An Updated Guideline for Reporting Systematic Reviews. BMJ. 2021;372(71):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71.

  9. Sharif Ishak SIZ, Chin YS, Mohd. Taib MohdN, Chan YM, Mohd. Shariff Z. Effectiveness of A School-Based Intervention on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Healthy Lifestyle and Body Composition in Malaysian Adolescents. BMC Pediatr. 2020;20(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-02023-x.

  10. Habib-Mourad C, Ghandour LA, Maliha C, Awada N, Dagher M, Hwalla N. Impact of A One-Year School-Based Teacher-Implemented Nutrition and Physical Activity Intervention: Main Findings and Future Recommendations. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-8351-3.

  11. Vieira M, Teixeira A, Carvalho GS. Effectiveness of The “Planning Health in School” Programme on Children’s Nutritional Status. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(23):1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312846.

  12. Ramírez-Rivera DL, Martínez-Contreras T, Villegas-Valle RC, Henry-Mejia G, Quizán-Plata T, Haby MM, et al. Preliminary Results of The Planet Nutrition Program on Obesity Parameters in Mexican Schoolchildren: Pilot Single-School Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(2):1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020790.

  13. Long KZ, Beckmann J, Lang C, Seelig H, Nqweniso S, Probst-Hensch N, et al. Impact of A School-Based Health Intervention Program on Body Composition among South African Primary Schoolchildren: Results from The Kaziafya Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. BMC Med. 2022 Dec 27;20(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-021-02223-x.

  14. Krebs S, Moak E, Muhammadi S, Forbes D, Yeh MC, Leung MM. Testing The Feasibility and Potential Impact of A Mindfulness-Based Pilot Program in Urban School Youth. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(6):1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063464.

  15. Ameneh PD, Mohtasham G, Sakineh R, Yadollah M, Ali R. School-Based Peer-Led Diabetes Intervention among Female Adolescents: A Cluster Randomized Trial. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15430-3.

  16. Rizvi DS. Health Education and Global Health. J Educ Health Promot. 2022;1(1):1-7. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_218_22.

  17. World Health Organization. Health Education: Theoretical Concepts, Effective Strategies, and Core Competencies [homepage on the internet]. c.2012. [updated 2012; dited 2025]. Available from https://applications.emro.who.int/dsaf/EMRPUB_2012_EN_1362.pdf.

  18. Yuksel HS, Şahin FN, Maksimovic N, Drid P, Bianco A. School-Based Intervention Programs for Preventing Obesity and Promoting Physical Activity and Fitness: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(1):1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010347.

  19. Wyszyńska J, Ring-Dimitriou S, Thivel D, Weghuber D, Hadjipanayis A, Grossman Z, et al. Physical Activity in The Prevention of Childhood Obesity: The Position of The European Childhood Obesity Group and The European Academy of Pediatrics. Front Pediatr. 2020;5(8):1-8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.535705.

  20. Gabriele Bonetti, Karen L. Herbst, Kevin Donato, Kristjana Dhuli. Dietary Supplements for Obesity. J PREV MED HYG. 2022;63(2S3):160–168. https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2757.

  21. de Lara Perez B, Delgado-Rios M. Mindfulness-Based Programs for The Prevention of Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review. Appetite. 2022;168:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105725.

  22. Piqueras P, Ballester A, Durá-Gil J V., Martinez-Hervas S, Redón J, Real JT. Anthropometric Indicators as A Tool for Diagnosis of Obesity and Other Health Risk Factors: A Literature Review. Front Psychol. 2021;9(12):1-19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.631179.

  23. Brunani A, Perna S, Soranna D, Rondanelli M, Zambon A, Bertoli S, et al. Body Composition Assessment using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) in A Wide Cohort of Patients Affected with Mild to Severe Obesity. Clinical Nutrition. 2021;40(6):3973–3981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2021.04.033.

  24. Nally S, Carlin A, Blackburn N, Baird J, Salmon J, Murphy M, et al. The Effectiveness of School-Based Interventions on Obesity-Related Behaviours in Primary School Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Children. 2021;8(6):1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8060489.

  25. Ling J, Gebremariam M. Embracing Parenting Role in Childhood Obesity. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):1-3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16039-2.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkkk.104868

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1 | views : 0

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Dhiana Ayu Novitasari, Dita Aditia Mamonto



Jurnal Keperawatan Klinis dan Komunitas (Clinical and Community Nursing Journal) 
collaborates with DPW PPNI DIY

Lisensi Creative Commons  

Jurnal Keperawatan Klinis dan Komunitas (Clinical and Community Nursing Journal) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.