Identifikasi Intervensi Kesehatan pada Anak sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Obesitas Berbasis Sekolah: Studi Literatur

https://doi.org/10.22146/jkkk.104868

Dhiana Ayu Novitasari(1), Dita Aditia Mamonto(2*)

(1) Program Studi Magister Keperawatan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Program Studi Magister Keperawatan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Background: The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity results in various long-term health impacts. This phenomena is highlighting the need for preventive efforts through school-based health interventions.
Objective: To identify effective strategies and approaches for preventing childhood obesity using a literature review method.
Method: The literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline with the keywords: “Health Intervention Method” AND “School-based” AND “Children” AND “Obesity Risk.” The inclusive criterions were published between 2020 and 2024, used an experimental design, were available in full text with an abstract, and were written in English. Studies involving children with disabilities, mental disorders, or existing obesity were excluded. After reviewing 5.911 articles through Rayyan, six articles were selected as they met all the criteria.
Outcome: The synthesis results indicated that school-based interventions, such as health education, physical activity, nutritional supplementation, and mindfulness, positively impact children’s knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding a healthy lifestyle.
Conclusion: Health education by teachers and the involvement of peer educators are important components with the potential to influence children’s health behaviors in the long term. These findings underscore the importance of an integrated holistic approach within school programs to effectively prevent childhood obesity.

INTISARI

Latar belakang: Prevalensi obesitas pada anak yang terus meningkat menimbulkan berbagai dampak kesehatan jangka panjang. Fenomena ini mendorong perlunya upaya pencegahan melalui intervensi kesehatan berbasis sekolah.
Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi strategi dan pendekatan yang efektif dalam pencegahan obesitas pada anak dengan metode tinjauan literatur.
Metode: Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui database PubMed, Web of Science, dan Medline, menggunakan kata kunci pencarian “health intervention method” AND “school based” AND “children” AND "obesity risk”. Kriteria inklusi artikel, yakni terbit antara tahun 2020-2024, desain studi eksperimental, dapat diakses secara lengkap disertai abstrak, dan berbahasa Inggris. Sementara itu, untuk kriteria eksklusi berupa penelitian dengan anak disabilitas, gangguan mental, dan memiliki status obesitas. Dari 5.911 artikel yang ditemukan, setelah proses seleksi menggunakan Rayyan, dipilih 6 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria.
Hasil: Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa intervensi berbasis sekolah dapat dilakukan dalam bentuk, seperti pendidikan kesehatan, aktivitas fisik, suplementasi nutrisi, dan mindfulness dapat memberikan dampak positif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku anak terkait gaya hidup sehat.
Simpulan: Intervensi kesehatan berbasis sekolah yang efektif dalam pencegahan obesitas pada anak menggunakan berbagai pendekatan. Temuan ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya pendekatan holistik yang terintegrasi dalam program sekolah untuk mencegah obesitas pada anak secara efektif.


Keywords


anak; obesitas; intervensi pencegahan; sekolah

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkkk.104868

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