Penyakit-Penyakit di Bidang Psikiatri yang Harus Dituntaskan di Puskesmas

https://doi.org/10.22146/jkki.v5i4.30532

Sri Idaiani(1*)

(1) Pusat Sumber Daya dan Pelayanan Kesehatan Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


ABSTRACT

Background: Since January 1st 2014, Indonesia has imple- mented the national health insurance. Indonesian Doctor Com- petency Standard 2012 and Ministry of Health Regulation No 5 in 2014 about clinical practice guideline of doctor in primary care were applied as reference. The aim of this analysis was to give reccomendation related to psychiatric diseases have to be controlled and completely treated by doctors in primary health care

Methods: This article was a study of health policy, literature review followed by verification from several experts and vis- iting to two primary health centers (PHCs) in Jakarta and Bogor on July to September 2014.

Results: Four psychiatric diseases have to be controlled and completely treated in PHC are insomnia, dementia, mixed anxi- ety depression disorder, and psychosis. In general, patients visiting in PHC have physical, mental and social problems. It was undifferentiated cases and not fulfills the diagnostic cri- teria if examined by psychiatric interview and cause psychiat- ric cases were very limited reported in PHC.

Conclusion and Recommendation: The gap of psychiat- ric cases that were not reported is possibly caused by very strict diagnostic criteria therefore doctor in PHC cannot detect psychiatric disease with low severity. This study suggests the need of special psychiatric diagnostic in PHC considering diagnosis, severity, chronicity, and disability.

 

Keywords: psychiatric diseases, primary health center, clinical practice guideline.

 

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Sejak tanggal 1 Januari 2014 di Indonesia dilaksanakan Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN). Sebagai rujukannya diterapkan Standar Kompetensi Dokter Indonesia tahun 2012 dan Permenkes Nomor 5 tahun 2014 tentang Panduan Praktik Klinik dokter di pelayanan primer. Tujuan analisis ini adalah untuk memberikan rekomendasi terhadap penyakit- penyakit dibidang psikiatri yang harus dikuasai dan tuntas ditangani oleh dokter di pelayanan kesehatan primer.

Metode: Artikel ini adalah telaah kebijakan kesehatan, kepus- takaan dilanjutkan dengan verifikasi dengan beberapa narasumber dan kunjungan di dua Puskesmas di Jakarta dan Kota Bogor. Dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli sampai September 2014.

Hasil: Empat penyakit dibidang psikiatri yang harus dapat dituntaskan di Puskesmas adalah insomnia, demensia, gangguan campuran cemas dan depresi, dan psikosis. Pada umumnya pasien Puskesmas mempunyai banyak gejala fisik, psikologik dan masalah sosial. Bila dilakukan pemeriksaan psikiatri, merupakan kasus-kasus yang tidak terdiferensiasi (undifferentiated) dan tidak memenuhi kriteria diagnostik sehingga kasus gangguan jiwa selalu tidak terlaporkan.

Kesimpulan dan Saran: Kesenjangan kasus gangguan jiwa yang tidak terlaporkan di Puskesmas mungkin disebabkan oleh kriteria diagnostik yang sangat ketat sehingga dokter di pelayanan primer tidak mampu mendeteksi gangguan dengan keparahan yang lebih rendah. Hasil telaah ini mengusulkan perlunya kode diagnosis di Puskesmas yang memperhatikan diagnosis, severitas, kronisitas dan disabilitas.

 

Kata kunci: penyakit dibidang psikiatri, Puskesmas, panduan praktik klinik


Keywords


penyakit dibidang psikiatri, Puskesmas, panduan praktik klinik

Full Text:

PDF


References

WHO & Wonca. Primary care for mental health within a pyramid of health care. Integrating mental health into primary care. Geneve: WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data.2008

Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI Nomor 71 tahun 2013 tentang pelayanan kesehatan pada JKN.

Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI Nomor 5 tahun 2014 tentang panduan praktik klinis bagi dokter di pelayanan primer.

Konsil Kedokteran Indonesia. Standar Kompetensi Dokter Indonesia. 2012.

Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Symptom and sign. 2008. In: Concise textbook of clinical psychiatry [Internet]. Philadelphia: Lippincott William and Wilkins. third. [21-32].

Coding for insomnia 2012 [updated March 26, 2012; cited 2015 December 18]. Available from: http://www.fortherecordmag.com/archives/ 032612p27.shtml.

Zailinawati A, Mazza D, Teng CL. Prevalence of insomnia and its impact on daily function amongst Malaysian primary care patients. Asia Pacific Family Medicine 2012;11:9.

Morin CM, LeBlanc M, Bélanger L, Ivers H, Mérette C, Savard J. Prevalence of Insomnia and Its Treatment in Canada. Can J Psychiatry 2011 09;56(9):540-8.

Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Delirium, dementia, and amnestic and other cognitive disorder and mental disorder due to a general medical condition. 2008. In: Concise textbook of clinical psychiatry [Internet]. Philadelphia: Lippincott William and Wilkins[46-7].

WHO. International classification of diseases and related health problem 10 th revision 2016 [cited 2015 December 20]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/ 2016/en#/F00.

Ditjen Pelayanan Medik Departemen Kesehatan RI. Pedoman Penggolongan Diagnosis Gangguan Jiwa III. 1993.

Type of dementia Chicago: Alzheimer’s association; 2015. Available from: http:// www.alz.org/dementia/types-of-dementia.asp.

Proyeksi Penduduk Indonesia 2010-20135. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik, 2013.

Bener A, Ghuloum S, Abou-saleh M. Prevalence, symptom patterns and comorbidity of anxiety and depressive disorders in primary care in Qatar. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2012;47(3):439-46.

Ferrari S, Galeazzi GM, Mackinnon A, Rigatelli M. Frequent attenders in primary care: impact of medical. Psychother Psychosom 2008;77:306-14.

WHO Wonca. International classification of primary care 2. London: Oxford University Press; 1998.

Olfson M, Lewis-Fernandez R, Weissman MM, Feder A, Gameroff MJ, Pilowsky D, et al. Psychotic symptoms in an urban general medici ne practice. Am J Psychiatry 2002;159(8):1412- 9.

WHO. MhGAP intervention guide for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in non-specialized health settings. Geneve: WHO, 2010

Jordans MJD, Luitel NP, Tomlinson M, Komproe IH. Setting priorities for mental health care in Nepal:a formative study, BMC Psychiatry 2013, 13:332 . Available at http:// www.biomedcentral.com /1471-244X/13/332

Gask L, Dowrick C, Fortes S, Katerndahl DA, Gureje O, Klinkman MS, et al. Capturing complexity the case for new classification system for mental disorder in primary care. In: Saxena S, Esparza P, Regier DA, Saraceno B, Sartorius N, editors. Public health aspects of diagnosis and classification of mental and behavioral disorder. Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2012. p. 71-104.

Katerndahl DA, Larme AC, Palmer RF, Amodei N. Reflections on DSM Classification and Its Utility in Primary Care:Case Studies in “Mental Disorders”. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2005;7:91-9.

Dowrick C, Rosendal M. Medical unexplained symptoms. 2009. In: Primary care mental health [Internet]. London: RC Psych; [156-73].

Jacob KS, Patel V. Classification on mental disorders: a global mental health perspective. Lancet. 2014;383:1433-5.

Karasz A, Patel V, Kabita M, Shimu P. “Tension” in South Asian women: developing a measure of common mental disorder using participatory methods. PCHP.2013;7(4):429-41.

Borowsky SJ, Rubenstein LV, Meredith LS, Camp P, Triche MJ, Wells KB. Who is at risk of nondetection of mental health problems in primary care? J Gen Intern Med 2000 ;15:381-8.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkki.v5i4.30532

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 6386 | views : 42109

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2017 Jurnal Kebijakan Kesehatan Indonesia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

The Jurnal Kebijakan Kesehatan Indonesia : JKKI [ISSN 2089 2624 (print); ISSN 2620 4703 (online)] is published by Center for Health Policy and Management (CHPM). This website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Built on the Public Knowledge Project's OJS 2.4.8.1.
 Web
Analytics View My Stats