Analisis Tantangan Kesiapan Implementasi Rekam Medis Elektronik di Puskesmas Kota Padang

Sri Siswati; Tuty Ernawati; Muthia Khairunnisa

doi:10.22146/jkesvo.92719

Analisis Tantangan Kesiapan Implementasi Rekam Medis Elektronik di Puskesmas Kota Padang

https://doi.org/10.22146/jkesvo.92719

Sri Siswati^(1*), Tuty Ernawati⁽²⁾, Muthia Khairunnisa⁽³⁾

(1) Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Andalas
(2) Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Andalas
(3) Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Andalas
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Puskesmas merupakan salah satu fasilitas kesehatan yang wajib melaksanakan Rekam Medis Elektronik (RME) paling lambat 31 Desember 2023 melalui Permenkes Nomor 24 Tahun 2022 tentang Rekam Medis. Namun, faktor kesiapan sumber daya manusia menjadi tantangan dalam implementasi.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor dan hambatan yang mempengaruhi kesiapan tenaga kesehatan dalam menerapkan RME di Puskesmas.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan mixed-method dengan model sequantial explanatory dilakukan pada Mei sampai Oktober 2023 di 23 Puskesmas Kota Padang. Pengambilan data kuantitatif dengan crosssectional dilakukan pada 69 sampel, yaitu dokter, perekam medis, dan perawat, sedangkan kualitatif dilakukan terhadap 46 informan, yaitu 23 kepala puskesmas dan 23 perekam medis dengan cara purposive sampling.

Hasil: Tenaga Kesehatan yang siap menerapkan RME hanya 33 orang (47,8%). Faktor Tingkat
pendidikan, pengalaman kerja, pengetahuan, dan persepsi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kesiapan tenaga kesehatan melaksanakan RME. Temuan wawancara mendalam diketahui penyebab belum siap tenaga kesehatan dalam melaksanakan RME adalah kurangnya pengetahuan tentang RME karena pelatihan RME tidak diberikan ke seluruh tenaga kesehatan selain itu keterampilan penggunaan komputer menjadi hambatan utama.

Kesimpulan: Tidak semua tenaga kesehatan siap menerapkan RME karena pelatihan hanya oleh perekam medis sehingga perlu pelatihan serta pendampingan dari dinas kesehatan guna memantau keberhasilan implementasi

Keywords

Kesiapan; Puskesmas; Rekam Medis Elektronik; Tenaga Kesehatan

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abdulai, A. F. and Adam, F. (2020). Health Providers Readiness for Electronic Health Records Adoption: A Cross-sectional Study of Two Hospitals in Northern Ghana. PLoS ONE. 15(6): 1–11. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231569.

Abore, K. W., Debiso, A. T., Birhanu, B. E., Bua, B. Z. and Negeri, K. G. (2022). Health Professionals Readiness to Implement Electronic Medical Recording System and Associated Factors in Public General Hospitals of Sidama Region, Ethiopia. PLoS ONE. 17(October): 1–12. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276371.

Afrizal, S. H., Hidayanti, A. N., Handayani, P. W., Budiharsana, M. and Eryando, T. (2019). Narrative Review for Exploring Barriers to Readiness of Electronic Health Record Implementation in Primary Health Care. Healthcare Informatics Research. 25(3): 141–152. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-32-399163-6.00017-2.

Ahmed, M. H., Bogale, A. D., Tilahun, B., Kalayou, M. H., Klein, J., Mengiste, S. A., and Endehabtu, B. F. (2020). Intention to Use Electronic Medical Record and its Predictors Among Health Care Providers at Referral Hospitals, North-West Ethiopia, 2019: Using Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use Technology 2(UTAUT2) Model. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making. 20(1): 1–11. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-020-01222-x.

Ajami, S., and Bagheri-Tadi, T. (2013). Barriers for Adopting Electronic Health Records (EHRs) by Physicians. Acta Informatica Medica. 21(2): 129–134. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5455/aim.2013.21.129-134.

Alsadi, M., and Saleh, A. (2019). Electronic Health Records Implementation Readiness: An Integrative Review. Open Journal of Nursing. 9(2): 152–162. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4236/ojn.2019.92014.

Awol, S. M., Birhanu, A. Y., Mekonnen, Z. A., Gashu, K. D., Shiferaw, A. M., Endehabtu, B. F., Kalayou, M. H., Guadie, H. A., and Tilahun, B. (2020). Health professionals’ readiness and its associated factors to implement electronic medical record system in four selected primary hospitals in Ethiopia. Advances in Medical Education and Practice. 11(2020): 147–154. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2147/AMEP.S233368.

Berihun, B., Atnafu, D. D., and Sitotaw, G. (2020). Willingness to Use Electronic Medical Record (EMR) System in Healthcare Facilities of Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia. BioMed Research International. 2020 (Agustus). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3827328.

Cucciniello, M., Lapsley, I., Nasi, G., and Pagliari, C. (2015). Understanding Key Factors Affecting Electronic Medical Record Implementation: A Sociotechnical Approach. BMC Health Services Research. 15(1): 1–19. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-015-0928-7.

Dayananda, M. (2020). Factors influencing Adoption of Electronic Medical Records in Government Hospitals of Sri Lanka. International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology. 2020(November): 190–199. Available at: https://doi.org/10.32628/cseit206624.

Dessler, G. (2017). Human Resource Management (15th Edition). Pearson. Boston.

Dutta, B., and Hwang, H.-G. (2020). The adoption of electronic medical record by physicians. Medicine. 99(8): e19290. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000019290.

Essuman, L. R., Apaak, D., Ansah, E. W., Sambah, F., Ansah, J. E., Opare, M., and Ahinkorah, B. O. (2020). Factors associated with the utilization of electronic medical records in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Health Policy and Technology. 9(3): 362–367. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.002.

Ghazisaeedi, M., Mohammadzadeh, N., and Safdari, R. (2014). Electronic Health Record (EHR) As a Vehicle for Successful Health Care Best Practice. Medical Archives. 68(6): 419. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2014.68.419-421.

Ghazisaeidi, M., Ahmadi, M., Sadoughi, F., and Safdari, R. (2014). An Assessment of Readiness for Pre-implementation of Electronic Health Record in Iran: A Practical Approach to Implementation in General and Teaching Hospitals. Acta Medica Iranica. 52(7): 532–544. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25135263/.

Habibi-Koolaee, M., Safdari, R., and Bouraghi, H. (2015). Nurses Readiness and Electronic Health Records. Acta Informatica Medica. 23(2): 105–107. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5455/aim.2015.23.105-107.

Hailegebreal, S., Dileba, T., Haile, Y., and Abebe, S. (2023). Health Professionals Readiness to Implement Electronic Medical Record System in Gamo zone Public Hospitals, Southern Ethiopia: an Institution Based Cross-sectional Study. BMC Health Services Research. 23(1): 1–8. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-09745-5.

Hamamura, F. D., Withy, K., and Hughes, K. (2017). Identifying Barriers in the Use of Electronic Health Records in Hawai’i. Hawai’i Journal of Medicine & Public Health : A Journal of Asia Pacific Medicine & Public Health. 76(3 Suppl 1): 28–35. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28435756/.

Hastuti, E. S., and Sugiarsi, S. (2023). Analisis Tingkat Kesiapan Penerapan Rekam Medis Elektronik di Puskesmas Wilayah Kabupaten Boyolali. Jurnal Manajemen Informasi Kesehatan Indonesia. 11(2): 132-142. Available at: https://doi.org/10.33560/jmiki.v11i2.570.

Kalayou, M. H., Endehabtu, B. F., and Tilahun, B. (2020). The Applicability of the Modified Technology Acceptance Model (Tam) on the Sustainable Adoption of e-Health Systems in Resource-limited Settings. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. 13 (2020): 1827–1837. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S284973.

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2020). Strategic Planning Ministry of Health 2020-2024. Kemenkes RI. Jakarta. Available at: https://farmalkes.kemkes.go.id/en/2021/03/rencana-strategis-kementerian-kesehatan-tahun-2020-2024/. Diakses tanggal 23 Desember 2023

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2021). Cetak Biru Strategi Transformasi Digital Kesehatan 2024. Edisi 1. Kemenkes RI. Jakarta. Available at: https://repository.kemkes.go.id/book/710. Diakses tanggal 10 April 2023.

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2022). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 24 Tahun 2022. Kemenkes RI. Jakarta. Available at: https://yankes.kemkes.go.id/unduhan/fileunduhan_1662611251_882318.pdf. Diakses tanggal 12 April 2023.

Kiberu, V. M., Scott, R. E., and Mars, M. (2019). Assessing Core, e-learning, Clinical and Technology Readiness to Integrate Telemedicine at Public Health Facilities in Uganda: A Health Facility- Based survey. BMC Health Services Research. 19(1): 1–11. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4057-6.

Lakhmudien, Nugraha, E. dan Setiyono, A. (2023). Pemahaman Perekam Medis Terhadap Penerapan Rekam Medis Elektronik Berbasis Permenkes Nomor 24 Tahun 2022. Jurnal Cakrawala Ilmiah. 2(9): 1–14. Available at: https://doi.org/10.53625/jcijurnalcakrawalailmiah.v2i9.5803.

M, A. Y., S, R. A., dan Wulandari, F. (2021). Kesiapan Petugas dalam Peralihan Dokumen Rekam Medis Manual ke Paperless pada Unit Rekam Medis Puskesmas Kedungmundu Kota Semarang. Jurnal Dunia Kesmas. 10(1): 1–9. Available at: https://doi.org/10.33024/jdk.v10i1.3478.

Maha W. M. K., and Made, U. K. N. (2020). Analysis of the Readiness of the Dharma Kerti Tabanan Hospital to Implement Electronic Medical Records. Jurnal Kesehatan Vokasional. 5(1): 1-9. Available at: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkesvo.53017

Masyfufah, L., Sriwati, M., Ali, A., & Nudji, B. (2022). Readiness of Application of Electronic Medical Records in Health Services (Literature Study). Proceeding International Conference on Medical Record. 2(1): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.47387/icmr.v2i1.148.

Msiska, K. E. M., Kumitawa, A., and Kumwenda, B. (2017). Factors Affecting the Utilisation of Electronic Medical Records System in Malawian Central Hospitals. Malawi Medical Journal. 29(3): 247–253. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v29i3.4.

Ngusie, H. S., Kassie, S. Y., Chereka, A. A., and Enyew, E. B. (2022). Healthcare Providers’ Readiness for Electronic Health Record Adoption: a Cross-sectional Study During Pre-implementation Phase. BMC Health Services Research. 22(1): 1–12. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-07688-x.

Oo, H. M., Htun, Y. M., Win, T. T., Han, Z. M., Zaw, T., and Tun, K. M. (2021). Information and Communication Technology Literacy, Knowledge and Readiness for Electronic Medical Record System Adoption Among Health Professionals in a Tertiary Hospital, Myanmar: A Cross-sectional Study. PloS One. 16(7): e0253691. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253691.

Or, C., Tong, E., Tan, J., and Chan, S. (2018). Exploring Factors Affecting Voluntary Adoption of Electronic Medical Records Among Physicians and Clinical Assistants of Small or Solo Private General Practice Clinics. Journal of Medical Systems. 42(7). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-018-0971-0.

Rasmi, M., Alazzam, M. B., Alsmadi, M. K., Almarashdeh, I. A., Alkhasawneh, R. A., and Alsmadi, S. (2020). Healthcare professionals’ acceptance Electronic Health Records system: Critical literature review (Jordan Case Study). International Journal of Healthcare Management. 13(S1): 48–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2017.1420609.

Salleh, M. I. M., Abdullah, R. and Zakaria, N. (2021). Evaluating the Effects of Electronic Health Records System Adoption on the Performance of Malaysian Health Care Providers. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making. 21(1): 1–13. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01447-4.

Senafekesh, B., Tesfahun, Y., AndualemMulusew, and Binyam, T. (2014). Health Professionals Readiness to Implement Electronic Medical Record System at Three Hospitals in Ethiopia: a Cross-sectional Study. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making. 14(115): 1–8. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-014-0115-5.

Setiatin, S., dan Agustin, S. R. (2019). Perancangan Sistem Informasi Pelayanan Rekam Medis Di Puskesmas Arcamanik Kota Bandung. Jurnal Manajemen Informasi Kesehatan Indonesia. 7(1): 33. Available at: https://doi.org/10.33560/jmiki.v7i1.207.

Singh, A., Jadhav, S., and R, R. M. (2020). Factors to Overcoming Barriers Affecting Electronic Medical Record Usage by Physicians. Indian Journal of Community Medicine. 45(2): 168–171. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM.

Sudirahayu, I., and Harjoko, A. (2017). Analysis of Readiness for Implementing Electronic Medical Records Using DOQ-IT at RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Lampung. Journal of Information Systems for Public Health. 1(3): 35-43. Available at: https://doi.org/10.22146/jisph.6536.

Tubaishat, A. (2018). Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of electronic health records among nurses: Application of Technology Acceptance Model. Informatics for Health and Social Care. 43(4): 379–389. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17538157.2017.1363761.

Walle, A. D., Shibabaw, A. A., Tilahun, kefyalew N., Atinafu, W. T., Adem, J. B., Demsash, A. W., Baykemagn, N. D., Kebede, S. D., Ferede, T. A., Tegegne, M. D. and Wubante, S. M. (2023). Readiness to

Use Electronic Medical Record Systems and its Associated Factors Among Health Care Professionals in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked. 36(2023): 101140. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imu.2022.101140.

Widayanti, E., Septiana, D. H., Irmaningsih, M., Putri, V. A., dan Budi, S. C. (2023). Kesiapan Puskesmas Samigaluh I dalam Peralihan Rekam Medis Konvensional ke Rekam Medis Elektronik. Jurnal Manajemen Informasi Kesehatan Indonesia. 11(2): 102–107. Available at: https://doi.org/10.33560/jmiki.v11i2.555.

Williams, K. S., Shah, G. H. and Leider, J. P. (2017). Overcoming Barriers to Experience Benefits : Records and Health Information Exchange. EGEMs (Generating Evidence & Methods to Improve Patient Outcomes). 5(1): 1–22. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5334%2Fegems.216.

Wubante, S. M., Tegegne, M. D., Melaku, M. S., Mengiste, N. D., Fentahun, A., Zemene, W., Fikadie, M., Musie, B., Keleb, D., Bewoketu, H., Adem, S., Esubalew, S., Mihretie, Y., Ferede, T. A. and Walle, A. D. (2023). Healthcare professionals’ knowledge, attitude and its associated factors toward electronic personal health record system in a resource-limited setting: A cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Public Health. 11(2023). Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1114456.

Yehualashet, G., Andualem, M. and Tilahun, B. (2015). The Attitude towards and Use of Electronic Medical Record System by Health Professionals at a Referral Hospital in Northern Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study. J Health Inform Afr. 3(1): 19–29. Available at: https://doi.org/10.12856/JHIA-2015-v3-i1-124.

Yoga, V., Jaka, B. and Yanti, M. (2021). Analysis of Readiness for Implementing Electronic Medical Records (EMR) at RSUP dr. M. Djamil Padang. B-Dent: Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Baiturrahmah. 8(1): 71–82. Available at: https://doi.org/10.33854/jbd.v8i1.598.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkesvo.92719