Prevention of weight gain during self-isolation in COVID-19 pandemic era: a narrative review

https://doi.org/10.22146/jcoemph.55976

Harry Freitag Luglio Muhammad(1*)

(1) Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


COVID-19 is a disease that has affected millions of people worldwide and made a significant impact on health, social life, and economy. One of the strategies to prevent the spread of this virus is through self-isolation. Although this strategy is efficient to prevent a drastic spread of the disease, there are some consequences related to this measure, including social, psychological, and economic impacts. In this review, the author proposes the possibility that this measure could increase the global prevalence of obesity. This might be due to a reduction in total physical activity because of limitations in outdoor activities, increased binge eating because of psychological stress or boredom, and tendency to eat ultra-processed foods and beverages because of limitations in shopping ability. Obesity itself is reported to be one of the risk factors for the severity of COVID-19 infection. Reports from United Kingdom and the United States of America revealed that those with higher body mass index had a higher risk to be treated at an intensive care unit. Therefore, prevention of a significant weight gain might be important to reduce the risk of fatality due to COVID-19. While the global prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, it might be important to address this issue at this point in time. Lastly, this review also provides some suggestions to ameliorate the weight gaining effect of self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic.


Keywords


COVID-19; obesity; nutrition; physical activity; self-isolation.

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Obesity and Overweight, updated 1 April 2020. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight (accessed at 3 May 2020).
  2. Indonesian Ministry of Health. Basic Health Survey, Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta: 2019.
  3. GBD 2015 Obesity Collaborators, et al. Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years. N Engl J Med. 2017; 377: 13–27.
  4. COVID-19 CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ (Accessed 3 May 2019).
  5. Intensive Care National Audit and Research Center. https://www.icnarc.org/About/Latest-News/2020/04/10/Report-On-7542-Patients-Critically-Ill-With-Covid-19 (Accessed 3 May 2019)
  6. Lighter J, Phillips M, Hochman S, et al. Obesity in patients younger than 60 years is a risk factor for COVID-19 hospital admission (published online ahead of print, 2020 Apr 9). Clin Infect Dis. 2020;ciaa415.
  7. Han JM, Levings MK. Immune regulation in obesity-associated adipose inflammation. J Immunol. 2013;15:191(2):527-32.
  8. Lumeng CN, Bodzin JL, Saltiel AR. Obesity induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization. J Clin Invest. 2007; 117:175–184.
  9. Tsoupras A, Lordan R, Zabetakis I. Inflammation, not cholesterol, is a cause of chronic disease. Nutrients. 2018;10(5):pii: E604.
  10. Ryan PM, Caplice NM. Is adipose tissue a reservoir for viral spread, immune activation and cytokine amplification in COVID-19. Published online ahead of print, 2020 Apr 21. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020;10.1002/oby.22843.
  11. Zachary Z, Brianna F, Brianna L, et al. Self-quarantine and weight gain related risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2020;14(3):210-216.
  12. Sidor A, Rzymski P. Dietary choices and habits during COVID-19 lockdown: experience from Poland. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1657.
  13. Pellegrini M, Ponzo V, Rosato R, et al. Changes in weight and nutritional habits in adults with obesity during the "Lockdown" period caused by the COVID-19 virus emergency. Nutrients. 2020;12(7):E2016.
  14. Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. published correction appears in Lancet Glob Health. 2019 Jan;7(1):e36. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6(10):e1077‐e1086.
  15. World Health Organization. Regional Office for South-East Asia. (2018). Status report on ‘physical activity and health in the South-East Asia Region’: July 2018. World Health Organization. Regional Office for South-East Asia. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/274308.
  16. Muhammad HFL, van Baak MA, Mariman EC, et al. Dietary inflammatory index score and its association with body weight, blood pressure, lipid profile, and leptin in Indonesian adults. Nutrients. 2019;11(1):148.
  17. Razzoli M, Pearson C, Crow S, Bartolomucci A. Stress, overeating, and obesity: insights from human studies and preclinical models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017;76(Pt A):154‐162.
  18. Dallman MF. Stress-induced obesity and the emotional nervous system. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2010;21(3):159‐165.
  19. Crockett AC, Myhre SK, Rokke PD. Boredom proneness and emotion regulation predict emotional eating. J Health Psychol. 2015;20(5):670‐680.
  20. Koball AM, Meers MR, Storfer-Isser A, Domoff SE, Musher-Eizenman DR. Eating when bored: revision of the emotional eating scale with a focus on boredom. Health Psychol. 2012;31(4):521‐524.
  21. Moynihan AB, van Tilburg WA, Igou ER, Wisman A, Donnelly AE, Mulcaire JB. Eaten up by boredom: consuming food to escape awareness of the bored self. Front Psychol. 2015;6:369.
  22. Mendonça RD, Pimenta AM, Gea A, et al. Ultraprocessed food consumption and risk of overweight and obesity: The University of Navarra Follow-Up (SUN) cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;104(5):1433‐1440.
  23. Monteiro CA, Cannon G, Levy R, Moubarac JC, Jaime P, Martins AP, Canella D, Louzada M, Parra D, Ricardo C, et al. Food classification. Public health. J World Public Health Nutr 2016;7:28–38.
  24. Jakicic JM, Winters C, Lang W, Wing RR. Effects of intermittent exercise and use of home exercise equipment on adherence, weight loss, and fitness in overweight women: a randomized trial. JAMA. 1999;282(16):1554‐1560.
  25. Perri MG, Martin AD, Leermakers EA, Sears SF, Notelovitz M. Effects of group- versus home-based exercise in the treatment of obesity. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1997;65(2):278‐285.
  26. Litman L, Rosen Z, Spierer D, Weinberger-Litman S, Goldschein A, Robinson J. Mobile exercise apps and increased leisure time exercise activity: a moderated mediation analysis of the role of self-Efficacy and barriers. J Med Internet Res. 2015;17(8):e195
  27. Flores Mateo G, Granado-Font E, Ferré-Grau C, Montaña-Carreras X. Mobile phone apps to promote weight loss and increase physical activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2015;17(11):e253.
  28. Strasser B, Gostner JM, Fuchs D. Mood, food, and cognition: role of tryptophan and serotonin. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2016;19(1):55‐61.
  29. Jenkins TA, Nguyen JC, Polglaze KE, Bertrand PP. Influence of tryptophan and serotonin on mood and cognition with a possible role of the gut-brain axis. Nutrients. 2016;8(1):56.
  30. Pribis P. Effects of walnut consumption on mood in young adults: a randomized controlled trial. Nutrients. 2016;8(11):668.
  31. Larrieu T, Layé S. Food for mood: relevance of nutritional omega-3 fatty acids for depression and anxiety. Front Physiol. 2018;9:1047.
  32. Green P, Hermesh H, Monselise A, Marom S, Presburger G, and Weizman A. Red cell membrane omega-3 fatty acids are decreased in non-depressed patients with social anxiety disorder. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2006;16:107–113.
  33. McNamara RK, Hahn CG, Jandacek R, Rider T, Tso P, Stanford KE, et al. Selective deficits in the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid in the postmortem orbitofrontal cortex of patients with major depressive disorder. Biol. Psychiatry. 2007;62:17–24.
  34. Lia L, Pegga RB, Eitenmillera RR, Chunb JY, Kerrihard AL. Selected nutrient analyses of fresh, fresh-stored, and frozen fruits and vegetables. J Food Compost Anal. 2017;59:8–17.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jcoemph.55976

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 4816 | views : 3755

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2020 Journal of Community Empowerment for Health

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.