Performance of Indonesian Candlenut Oil in the International Markets of the United States, Singapore, and India

Trisna Wahyu Swasdiningrum Putri; Herdiana Anggrasari

doi:10.22146/ae.110681

Performance of Indonesian Candlenut Oil in the International Markets of the United States, Singapore, and India

https://doi.org/10.22146/ae.110681

Trisna Wahyu Swasdiningrum Putri^(1*), Herdiana Anggrasari⁽²⁾

(1) Agribusiness Study Program, Agricultural Socioeconomics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya
(2) Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, UPN Veteran Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to measure and analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian candlenut oil exports in three major market countries (the United States, Singapore, and India) using a quantitative and comparative approach. The data used in this study are from 2016 to 2023. The time series data analysis methods used are Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), and Trade Balance Index (TBI). Based on the RCA index calculation, the average RCA value of Indonesian candlenut oil is above 1. This means that Indonesian candlenut oil has a comparative advantage in the United States, Singapore, and India markets. The average RSCA index calculation shows that Indonesian candlenut oil has optimal competitiveness in the Singapore and India markets. Meanwhile, in the United States market, Indonesian candlenut oil does not have a comparative advantage. The average TBI calculation indicates that Indonesian candlenut oil is a high export commodity in the United States and Singapore markets, while in the Indian market, Indonesian candlenut oil has an export specialization but is still in the growth stage. Potential markets such as India, Singapore, and the United States deserve further development to optimize export profits. Dissemination of technology to improve the quality of candlenut oil to higher grades is also necessary to compete with competing countries, thereby increasing candlenut oil exports.

Keywords

Competitiveness, Candlenut oil, RCA, RSCA, TBI

Full Text:

PDF

References

Andarwulan, N., Hariyadi, P., Giriwono, P. E., & Faridah, D. N. (2022). Standar Mutu Cpo Untuk Minyak Makan dan Penerapan Cara Produksi Minyak Sawit Yang Baik Di Indonesia: Suatu Keniscayaan. Policy Brief Pertanian, Kelautan, Dan Biosains Tropika, 4(1), 245–248. https://doi.org/10.29244/agro-maritim.0401.245-248

Anggrasari, H., Perdana, P., & Mulyo, J. H. (2021). Keunggulan Komparatif dan Kompetitif Rempah-Rempah Indonesia di Pasar Internasional. Jurnal Agrica, 14(1), 9–19. https://doi.org/10.31289/agrica.v14i1.4396

Batubara, D. P., Nababan, C., Tobing, D. L., Siahaan, P. G., & Angin, R. B. P. (2024). Perlindungan Indikasi Geografis Dan Merek Dalam Pembuatan Minyak Kemiri Untuk Meningkatkan UMKM Di Masyarakat Ekonomi Menengah. Communnity Development Journal, 5(1), 1042–1047. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31004/cdj.v5i1.25045

BPS. (2024). Statistik Perdagangan Luar Negeri Indonesia Ekspor. Badan Pusat Statistik. https://www.bps.go.id/id/exim

Cabral, M. R. P., dos Santos, S. A. L., Stropa, J. M., da Silva, R. C. de L., Cardoso, C. A. L., de Oliveira, L. C. S., Scharf, D. R., Simionatto, E. L., Santiago, E. F., & Simionatto, E. (2016). Chemical composition and thermal properties of methyl and ethyl esters prepared from Aleurites moluccanus (L.) Willd (Euphorbiaceae) nut oil. Industrial Crops and Products, 85, 109–116. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.02.058

Dahivale, R. P. (2025). Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) in Agribusiness and Food Industry. IBMRD’s Journal of Management & Research, 14(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.17697/ibmrd/2025/v14i1/174284

Dako, F. X., Setyowati, R., Herningtyas, W., Pujiono, E., Budiman, I., Krisantus, O. O., & Paga, B. (2024). Development Strategy of Potential Non-Timber Forest Product Commodities in the Boti Indigenous Community, Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 30(2), 246–257. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7226/246

Du, X., Muniz, A., & Juma, S. (2023). Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) oil consumer hedonic rating, sensory characteristic, satiating and energizing effect, and drivers of overall acceptance. JAOCS, Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 100(1), 57–68. https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12659

Fernandes, L. (2023). India’s middle classes in contemporary India. In Routledge handbook of contemporary India (pp. 276–287). Routledge. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003278436-21

Iskandar, R., Supardi, S., & Harisudin, M. (2016). Candlenut efficiency analysis and marketing strategy (Aleurites moluccana) in Alor regency. Am. Sci. Res. J. Eng. Technol. Sci, 26(4), 101–121.

İzgi, F., & Kavacık, M. (2024). Analyzing global competitiveness of Turkish air conditioning industry. Turkish Journal of Engineering, 8(2), 209–234. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.1372141

Jumiyati, S., Bachri, S., & Nawir, B. (2024). Development strategy of candlenut oil business toward a new paradigm for the utilization of non-timber forest products. Holistic: Journal of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, 1(2), 106–113. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.61511/hjtas.v1i2.2024.162

Khasanah, N. M., Santoso, S. I., & Setiadi, A. (2024). Analisis Daya Saing Ekspor Minyak Kelapa Sawit Indonesia di Pasar Amerika Serikat. AGROMEDIA: Berkala Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian, 42(2), 119–132. https://doi.org/10.47728/ag.v42i2.551

Kristiningrum, E., Isharyadi, F., Susanto, D. A., Setyoko, A. T., & Ayundyahrini, M. (2022). Assessment of Standardization Profiles in Indonesia as Part of Quality Infrastructure. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2664(040005). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0108071

Lafay, G. (1992). The measurement of revealed comparative advantages. In International trade modelling (pp. 209–234). Springer. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2150-8_10

Laursen, K. (2015). Revealed comparative advantage and the alternatives as measures of international specialization. Eurasian Business Review, 5(1), 99–115. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40821-015-0017-1

López, C. E. O., Salas, L. A. S. D. Las, & España, J. L. N. (2016). Comportamiento oligopólico en el Mercado Mundial de Aceite de Palma 1961-2004. Ensayos de Economía, 26(48), 91–113. https://doi.org/10.15446/ede.v26n48.59860

Makkarennu, Mahbub, A. S., & Ridwan. (2021). An Integration of Business Model Canvas on Prioritizing Strategy: Case Study of Small Scale Nontimber Forest Product (NTFP) Enterprises in Indonesia. Small-Scale Forestry, 20(2), 161–174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11842-020-09462-5

Matondang, N., & Budiman, I. (2019). Analisis Rantai Pasok (Supply Chain) pada Produk Minyak Kelapa Sawit. Talenta Conference Series: Energy and Engineering (EE), 2(4), 287–293. https://doi.org/10.32734/ee.v2i4.681

Moharir, A. (2025). Candlenut Oil Market Report 2025 (Global Edition). https://www.cognitivemarketresearch.com/candlenut-oil-market-report#:~:text=Pasar Minyak Kemiri Jepang diproyeksikan,XX juta pada tahun 2024.

Ningsih, A. S., & Baharuddin, D. M. (2021). Candlenut Business Development Strategy (Aleurites mollucana L. Wild) in KPHL Selayar. International Jpurnal of Science and Management Studies (IJSMS), 4(3), 224–234. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.51386/25815946/ijsms-v4i3p121

Oriekhoe, O. I., Adisa, O., & Ilugbusi, B. S. (2024). Climate Change and Food Supply Chain Economics: a Comprehensive Analysis of Impacts, Adaptations, and Sustainability. International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences, 6(3), 267–278. https://doi.org/10.51594/ijarss.v6i3.885

Purba, H. J., Hestina, J., Yusuf, E. S., Azahari, D. H., Dabukke, F. B., & Darwis, V. (2021). Export performance and competitiveness of Indonesian coconut oil and desiccated coconut. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 892(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/892/1/012072

Purwono, R., Sugiharti, L., Handoyo, R. D., & Esquivias, M. A. (2022). Trade Liberalization and Comparative Advantage: Evidence from Indonesia and Asian Trade Partners. Economies, 10(4), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10040080

Putri, T. W., Suryantini, A., & Utami, A. W. (2019). The Competitiveness of Stevia rebaudiana as A Sweetener Alternative in Tawangmangu Subdistrict of Karanganyar Regency. Agro Ekonomi, 30(1), 78–93. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ae.46979

Sauvé, P., Lacey, S., & Lakatos, C. (2024). Timor-Leste and WTO Accession. The World Bank Group.

Shaah, M. A., Allafi, F., Hossain, M. S., Alsaedi, A., Ismail, N., Kadir, M. O. A., & Ahmad, M. I. (2021). Candlenut oil: review on oil properties and future liquid biofuel prospects. International Journal of Energy Research, 45(12), 17057–17079. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.6446

Shintawati, Widodo, Y., & Ermaya, D. (2022). Yield and Quality Improvement of Candlenut Oil by Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) Methods. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1012(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1012/1/012024

Statista. (2025). Natural Cosmetics - United States. Statista. https://www.statista.com/outlook/cmo/beauty-personal-care/cosmetics/natural-cosmetics/united-states

Stellian, R., & Danna-Buitrago, J. P. (2022). Revealed comparative advantage and contribution-to-the-trade-balance indexes. International Economics, 170, 129–155. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inteco.2022.02.007

Subroto, E., Widjojokusumo, E., Veriansyah, B., & Tjandrawinata, R. R. (2017). Supercritical CO2 extraction of candlenut oil: process optimization using Taguchi orthogonal array and physicochemical properties of the oil. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 54(5), 1286–1292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-017-2542-7

Sukananda, S. (2019). Pengaturan Standardisasi Produk di Indonesia Ditinjau dari Ketentuan Technical Barriers To Trade Agreement. DIVERSI : Jurnal Hukum, 4(2), 149–179. https://doi.org/10.32503/diversi.v4i2.341

Sutejo, A., Fajri, R., & Sucahyo, L. (2023). Optimasi Kecepatan Putar dalam Peningkatan Mutu Biji Kemiri pada Mesin Pemecah Cangkang Biji Kemiri (Aleurites moluccana willd.). Jurnal Agricultural Biosystem Engineering, 2(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.23960/jabe.v2i1.6751

Tandra, H., Suroso, A. I., Syaukat, Y., & Najib, M. (2022). The Determinants of Competitiveness in Global Palm Oil Trade. Economies, 10(6), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10060132

UN Comtrade Database. (2024). Commodity Trade Statistics Database. United Nation. https://comtradeplus.un.org/

Vanzza Aji, R., Ishak, Z., & Mukhlis, M. (2019). Analisis komparatif daya saing ekspor biji kakao antara Indonesia, Pantai Gading dan Ghana: Pendekatan RCA dan CMS. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan, 15(2), 69–84. https://doi.org/10.29259/jep.v15i2.8832

Virgin, I., Diaz-Chavez, R., Morris, E. J., Haileselassie, T., Tesfaye, K., De Cliff, S., Njau, K., Munganyinka, E., Muyambi, F., & Otim, M. O. (2022). The state of the bioeconomy in eastern Africa: 2022. In Stockholm Environment Institute, The East African Science and Technology Commission and BioInnovate Africa.

Vollrath, T. L. (1991). A theoretical evaluation of alternative trade intensity measures of revealed comparative advantage. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 127(2), 265–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02707986

Yusri, S., & Sutanto, H. (2021). Candlenut oil encapsulation with Hidroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) for body lotion application. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1011(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1011/1/012046

Zuhdi, F., Rahmadona, L., & Maulana, A. S. (2021). The Export Competitiveness of Iindonesian Spices to European Union-15. Agric, 32(2), 139–162. https://doi.org/10.24246/agric.2020.v32.i2.p139-162

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ae.110681