Program PECS (Picture Exchange Communication System) untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berbicara Terstruktur pada Anak Autis

Restu Vistasari; Bhina Patria

doi:10.22146/gamajpp.48590

Program PECS (Picture Exchange Communication System) untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berbicara Terstruktur pada Anak Autis

Restu Vistasari, Bhina Patria

(Submitted 7 August 2019)

(Published 5 May 2019)

Abstract

Most children with autism have difficulty with their communication skill. One of the specific problems is about to combine words into structured sentences when they tried to speak. The purpose of this research was to examine the efficacy of PECS in improving structured language skills to children with autism. Participants of this research consisted of two children who have been diagnosed with autism. The dependent variable of this study was structured language skill in speaking and the independent variable of the study was The PECS Program which had been modified in some phases. The method that was used in this study is single-case research with A-B-A design. Behavior checklist was used as the instrument for this research, also data of this research were analyzed by visual inspection. The result of the visual inspection analysis showed that there were some improvements in grammatical language skills of the participants throughout the PECS program.

Keywords

autism; PECS; structured language skill

Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.22146/gamajpp.48590

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (Edisi kelima). Washington, DC: Author.

Bartolucci, G., Pierce, S. J., & Streiner, D. L. (1980). Cross-sectional studies of grammatical morphemes in autistic and mentally retarded children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 10(1), 39-50. doi: 10.1007/BF02408431

Bondy, A. S., & Frost L. A. (1994). The picture exchange communication system. Focus on Autistic Behavior, 9(3), 1-19. doi: 10.1177%2F10 8835769400900301

Carrol, D. (2004). Psychology of language. Universitas Michigan: Thomson and Wadsworth

Frith, U. (2003). Autism: explaining the enigma (Edisi kedua). New York: Oxford University Press.

Grandin, T. (1996). My experiences with visual thinking sensory problems and communication difficulties. United States: Center for the Study of Autism.

Kazdin, A. E. (2011). Single-case research designs: Methods for clinical and applied settings (Edisi kedua). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Kerig, P., Ludlow, A., & Wenar, C. (2012). Developmental psychopathology: From infancy through adolescence (Edisi keenam). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

Labola, Y. A. (2017). Data anak autisme belum akurat? Diunduh dari https://www.kompasiana.com/yos08/58eb4717af7a61ec1378f3e7/anak-autisme?page=all

Odluyurt, S., Aldemir, O., Kapan., A. (2016). An investigation on the effects of PECS and observational learning in initiating and maintenance of communication among children with autism. International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education, 8, 151-164. doi: 10.20489/intjecse.284658

Parritz, H. & Troy, F. M. (2011). Disorders of childhood: Development & psychopathology. USA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.

Ring, H., Cohen, B., Wheelwright, S. (1999). Cerebral correlates of preserved cognitive skills in autism: a functional MRI study of embedded figures task performance. United States: National Institues of Health.

Santrock, J. W. (2010). Child development (Edisi kedua belas). Singapore: McGraw-Hill.

Shaughnessy, J., Zechmeister, B., & Zechmeister, S. (2009). Research methods in psychology. New York: Mc Graw-Hill.

Siegel, B. (2003). Helping children with autism learn. New York: Oxford University Press.

Tager-Flushberg, Paul, & Lord. (2005). Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders vol 1. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Thunberg, G. (2013). Early communication interention for children with autism spectrum disorder. Advances in Autism Spectrum Disorder, 1, 719-746. doi: 10.5772/54881

Refbacks

There are currently no refbacks.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.