Program “Mindful Parenting” untuk Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Subjektif Ibu yang Memiliki Anak Retardasi Mental
Abstract
Parenting child with intellectual disability is associated with physical and psychological problems that influence mother’s subjective well-being. The evidence is show that mindfulness based intervention can increase of life satisfaction, elicit positive affect, dan minimize negative affect, so that it can increase subjective well-being. The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of “Mindful parenting” program in increasing subjective well-being mother who has child with intellectual disability. This study uses a one-group pretest-posttesttt design using a double pretest. “Mindful Parenting” program was administered to ten mothers of children with intellectual disability. Participant attend 8 sessions of “Mindful parenting” program in four meeting. Analysis using Friedman test showed significance result (Fr(2) = 11.13, p< 0.05). It conclude that there was significant effect of “Mindful parenting” program on promotes subjective well-being of mothers of children with intellectual disability.
Keywords
DOI: 10.22146/gamajpp.33362
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Arlington. http://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.744053
Anderson, D., Dumont, S., Jacobs, P., & Azzaria, L. (2007). The Personal Costs of Caring for a Child with a Disability: A Review of the Literature. Public Health Reports, 122(1), 3–16.
Baer, R. A. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10, 125–143.
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27–45.
Bazzano, A., Wolfe, C., Zylowska, L., Wang, S., Schuster, E., Barrett, C., & Lehrer, D. (2013). Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction ( MBSR ) for Parents and Caregivers of Individuals with Developmental Disabilities : A Community-Based Approach. Journal of Child and Family Studies. 24: 298-308. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9836-9
Baker, B. L., Blacher, J., & Olsson, M. B. (2005). Preschool children with and without developmental delay: Behaviour problems, parents’ optimism and well-being. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49(8), 575–590. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00691.x
Baker, B. L., McIntyre, L. L., Blacher, J., Crnic, K., Edelbrock, C., & Low, C. (2003). Pre-school children with and without developmental delay: Behavior problems and parenting stress over time. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 47(4), 217–230.
Barog, Z. S., Younesi, S. J., Sedaghati, A. H., & Sedaghati, Z. (2015). Efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on quality of life of mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 10(2), 86–92.
Berg, R.C., Landreth, G.L., & Fall, K.A (2006). Group counseling: concepts and procedures fourth edition. London: Routlegde.
Bernstein, N. (1990). Mothers of the retarded. Dalam Spurlock, J. & Robinowitz. Women’s Progress: Promises and Problems. Washington DC: Springer
BKKBN. 2013. Anak berkebutuhan khusus jadi perhatian BKKBN. Diakses dari http://www.bkkbn.go.id/_layouts/mobile/dispform.aspx?List=9c6767ad-abfe-48e3-9120-af89b76d56f4&View=174a5cf7-357b-4b83-a7ac-be983c5ddb0e&ID=844
Boehm , J. K., Lyubomirsky, S., & Sheldon, K.M. (2011) A longitudinal experimental study comparing the effectiveness of happiness-enhancing strategies in Anglo Americans and Asian Americans. Cognition & Emotion, 25(7): 1263–1272.
Bögels, S., & Restifo, K. (2014). Mindful parenting: A guide for mental health practitioners. London: Springer. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7406-7
Brown, K. W. (2015). Mindfulness Training to Enhance Positive Functioning. Dalam Brown, K. W., Creswell, J. D., & Ryan, R. M. Handbook of Mindfulness: Theory, Research, and Practice. New York: The Guilford Press.
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822–848.
Brown, K. W., Kasser, T., Ryan, R. M., Linley, A., & Orzech, K. (2009). When what one has is enough: Mindfulness, financial desire discrepancy, and subjective wellbeing. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 727–736.
Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological Inquiry, 18(4), 211–237.
Brownstein, A. (2005) Extraordinary healing: The amazing power of your body’s secret healing system. New York: Harbor Press, Inc.
Burack, J.A., Hodapp, R.M., Iarocci, G., & Zigler, E. (2012). The Oxford handbook of intellectual disability and development. New York: Oxford Univesity Press, Inc.
Burke, M. M., & Hodapp, R. M. (2014). Relating stress of mothers of children with developmental disabilities to family-school partnerships. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 52(1), 13–23. http://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-52.1.13
Chan, D. W. (2010). Gratitude , gratitude intervention and subjective well-being among Chinese school teachers in Hong Kong, Educational Psychology, 30(2), 139–153. http://doi.org/10.1080/01443410903493934
Coffey, K., Hartman, M., & Fredrickson, B. (2010). Deconstructing mindfulness and constructing mental health: Understanding mindfulness and its mechanisms of action. Mindfulness, 1(4), 235–253.
Compton, W. C., & Hoffman, E. (2013). Positive psychology: The science of happiness and flourishing, International edition. Wadsworth: Cengage Learning.
Corey, M. and Corey, G. (2014). Process and practice groups (9th ed). Belmont:Thomson Brooks/Cole.
Corey, M.S, Corey, G., Corey, C. (2013). Groups: Process and Practice. Wadsworth: Cengage Learning.
Corder, G. W., & Foreman, D.L. (2009). Nonparametric statistics for non-statisticians: A step by step approach. Canada: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Dewanto, A. C. (2015). Pelatihan “SENANG” untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan subjektif siswa remaja (Tesis tidak dipublikasi). Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: the science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55, 34–43.
Diener, E. (2009). The Science of Well-Being: The Collected Works of Ed Diener. London: Springer
Diwan, S., Chovatiya, H., & Diwan, J. (2011). Depression and Quality of Life in Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy. NJIRM 2011; 2:11-13
Efklides, A., & Moraitou, D. (2013). A positive psychology perspective on quality of life, Social indicator research series 51. London: Springer.
Emmons, R.A., & McCullough, M.E. (2003). Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 84(2): 377–389.
Falkenstrom, F. (2010). Studying mindfulness in experienced mediators: A quasiexperimental approach. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 305–310.
Findler, L., Klein Jacoby, A., & Gabis, L. (2016). Subjective happiness among mothers of children with disabilities: The role of stress, attachment, guilt and social support. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 55, 44–54. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2016.03.006
Gardiner, E., & Iarocci, G. (2012). Unhappy (and happy) in their own way: A developmental psychopathology perspective on quality of life for families living with developmental disability with and without autism. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 33(6), 2177–2192. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2012.06.014
Germer, C. K., Siegel, R. D., & Fulton, P. R. (2005). Mindfulness and psychotherapy. New York: Guilford Press.
Glenn, S., Cunningham, C., Poole, H., Reeves, D., & Weindling, M. (2009). Maternal parenting stress and its correlates in families with a young child with cerebral palsy. Child: Care, Health and Development, 35(1), 71–78. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2008.00891.x
Hallahan, D.P., Kauffman, J.M. and Pullen, P.C. (2012). Exceptional learners. An introduction to special education. New Jersey: Pearson.
Hanley, A., Warner, A., & Garland, E. L. (2015). Associations Between Mindfulness, Psychological Well-Being, and Subjective Well-Being with Respect to Contemplative Practice. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(6), 1423–1436. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9569-5
Isa, S. N., Aziz, A. A., Rahman, A. A., Ibrahim, M. I., Ibrabim, W. P., Mohamad, N., et al. (2013). The impact of disabled children on parent health-related quality of life and family functioning in Kelantan and its associated factors. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 34, 262–268.
Jackowska, M., Brown, J., Ronaldson, A., & Steptoe, A. (2015). The impact of a brief gratitude intervention on subjective well-being, biology and sleep. Journal of Health Psychology. http://doi.org/10.1177/1359105315572455
Johnson, L.A., & Caldwell, B.E. (2010). Race, gender, and therapistconfidence: effects on satisfaction with therapeutic relationship in MFT. American Journal of Family Therapy, 39, 307-324.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever you go, there you are: Mindfulness meditation in everyday life. New York: Hyperion.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2013). Full catatrophe living (revised edition): Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. Bantam: Delta.
Kaviani H. J. F., & Hatami N. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) reduces depression and anxiety induced by real stressful setting in non-clinical population. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy. 2011; 11: 285–296.
Kemkes RI. (2014). Penyandang Disabilitas Anak. Infodatin : Pusat Informasi Kementrian Kesehatan RI. Diakses dari http://www.kemkes.go.id/resources/download/pusdatin/infodatin/infodatin_disabilitas.pdf
Kogan, M. D., Strickland, B. B., Blumberg, S. J., Singh, G. K., Perrin, J. M., & van Dyck, P. C. (2008). A national profile of the health care experiences and family impact of autism spectrum disorder among children in the United States, 2005–2006. Pediatrics, 122, e1149–e1158.
Lane, J. B., Goodrich, E., & Miller, M. (2015). One-on-one Mindfulness Meditation Trainings in a Research Setting . Mindfulness, , 5(1), 88–99. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-012-0155-9.
Lee, J. (2013). Maternal stress, well-being, and impaired sleep in mothers of children with developmental disabilities: A literature review. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(11), 4255–4273. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2013.09.008
Malaktaris, A., Lemons, P., Lynn, S. J., Condon, L. (2015). Chilling Out: Meditation, Relaxation, and Yoga. Dalam Lynn, S. J., O’Donohue, W. T., & Lilienfeld, S. O (Eds). Health, happiness, and well-being: Better living through psychological science. London:Sage Publications, Inc.
Mehranfar, M., Younesi, J., & Banihashem A. (2012). Effectiveness of Mindfulness‐Based Cognitive Therapy on Reduction of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Mothers of Children With Cancer. Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention. 5: 1-10.
Norlin, D., & Broberg, M. (2013). Parents of children with and without intellectual disability: Couple relationship and individual well-being. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 57(6), 552–566. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2012.01564.x
Olsson M. B. & Hwang. C. P. (2001). Depression in mothers and fathers of children with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 45, 535-43.
Olsson, M. B., & Hwang, C. P. (2006). Well-being, involvement in paid work and division of child-care in parents of children with intellectual disabilities in Sweden. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 50(12), 963–969. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00930.x
Reichman, N. E., Corman, H., & Noonan, K. (2008). Impact of Child Disability on the Family. Maternal Child Helath Journal. 12: 679–683. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-007-0307-z
Rosada. A. (2015). Emphatic love therapy untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan subjektif dan kesiapan guru di sekolah inklusi. (Tesis tidak dipublikasi). Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Schieve, L. A., Boulet, S. L., Kogan, M. D., Van Naarden-Braun, K., & Boyle, C. A. (2011). A population-based assessment of the health, functional status, and consequent family impact among children with Down syndrome. Disability and Health Journal, 4, 68–77.
Schroevers, M. J., Tovote, K. A., Snippe, E., & Fleer, J. (2016). Group and Individual Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy ( MBCT ) Are Both Effective : a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial in Depressed People with a Somatic Disease. Mindfulness, 1339–1346. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0575-z
Shapiro, S.L., Carlson, L.E., Austin, J.A., & Freedman, B. (2006). Mechanisms of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 373–386.
Shapiro, S. L., & Carlson, L. E. (2009). The art and science of mindfulness: Integrating mindfulness into psychology and helping professions. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
Singer, G. H. S. (2006). Meta-Analysis of Comparative Studies of Depression in Mothers of Children With and Without Developmental Disabilities. ᭧ American Association Mental Retardation American Journal On Mental Retardation, 155(3), 155–169. http://doi.org/10.1352/0895-8017(2006)111[155:MOCSOD]2.0.CO;2
Smith, L. E., Greenberg, J. S., & Seltzer, M. M. (2012). Social support and well-being at mid-life among mothers of adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(9), 1818–1826. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1420-9
Stahl, B., & Goldstein, E. (2010). A mindfulness-based stress reduction workbook. Oakland: New Harbinger Publications, Inc.
Sturmey, P., & Didden, R. (2014). Evidence-based practice and intellectual disabilities. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Totsika, V., Hastings, R. P., Emerson, E., Berridge, D. M., & Lancaster, G. A. (2011). Behavior problems at 5 years of age and maternal mental health in autism and intellectual disability. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39(8), 1137–1147. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-011-9534-2
Tyas, M.P. (2015). Terapi pemaafan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan subjektif istri yang berkonflik dengan suami. (Tesis tidak dipublikasi). Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063–1070.
WHO. (2011). World Report on Disability 2011. American Journal of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Association of Academic Physiatrists, 91, 549. http://doi.org/10.1136/ip.2007.018143
Yalom, I.D. & Leszcz, M. (2005). The theory and practice of group psychotherapy. New York: Basic Books, Inc Publisher
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2018 Gadjah Mada Journal of Professional Psychology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
* Corresponding Author
