Smartphone Addiction and Psychological Well-being Among College Students: The Moderating Role of Gender and Smartphone Usage Duration

Ratri Pratiwi; Martaria Rizky Rinaldi; Aditya Putra Kurniawan

doi:10.22146/gamajop.95113

Smartphone Addiction and Psychological Well-being Among College Students: The Moderating Role of Gender and Smartphone Usage Duration

Ratri Pratiwi, Martaria Rizky Rinaldi, Aditya Putra Kurniawan

(Submitted 26 March 2024)

(Published 31 October 2025)

Abstract

Proactive personality is an essential disposition determining students’ readiness to enter the workforce, so a validated instrument is needed to measure it in Indonesia. This study aimed to adapt the Proactive Personality Scale–Short Version (PPS-SV) into the Indonesian language and test its validity and reliability in a student population. A total of 232 students (61 men, 171 women) from a university in Bandung participated in the study. The age range of the participants was 19–25 years old (\textit{M} = 21.7; \textit{SD} = 1.12). Construct validity was tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), while reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega. The CFA results confirmed the one-factor structure of the PPS-SV and demonstrated good model fit with the data (CFI = .964, TLI = .954, GFI = .994, RMSEA = .069, and SRMR = .036). The scale also showed excellent internal consistency ($\alpha$ = .901; $\omega$ = 0.902). Thus, the Indonesian adaptation of the PPS-SV was judged to have strong psychometric properties, including good construct validity and reliability. This scale can therefore be recommended for measuring proactive personality in students in Indonesia.

Keywords

smartphone addiction; psychological well-being; duration of smartphone usage; gender

Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.22146/gamajop.95113

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