Pajanan pestisida dan kejadian anemia pada petani holtikultura di Kecamatan Cikajang, Kabupaten Garut tahun 2016

Nella Mutia Arwin; Suyud Suyud

doi:10.22146/bkm.12313

Pajanan pestisida dan kejadian anemia pada petani holtikultura di Kecamatan Cikajang, Kabupaten Garut tahun 2016

https://doi.org/10.22146/bkm.12313

Nella Mutia Arwin^(1*), Suyud Suyud⁽²⁾

(1) Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Indonesia
(2) Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Pesticide exposure and anemia incidence among horticultural farmers in Cikajang district, Garut in 2016

Purpose

This study aimed to determine the relationship of pesticide exposure with anemia.

Methods

A cross-sectional design was used in this study. The population in this study were male horticulture farmers domiciled in Cikajang, Garut. A total of 106 farmers were selected as samples and blood samples were taken to determine hemoglobin concentration.

Results

Average Hb farmer was 16.65 g/dL. Bivariate analysis showed no association between exposure to pesticides which consisted of working period (p = 0.440, OR = 1.944; 95% CI: 0.51 to 7.325), duration of spraying (p = 1.000), spraying time (p value = 1.000), spraying frequency (p = 1.000, OR = 0.698; 95% CI: 0.091 to 5.334), the dose of pesticides (p = 1.000, OR = 1.244; 95% CI = 0.164 to 9.444), and mixing pesticides (p = 1.000, OR = 1.337; 95% CI: 0.176 to 10.181) with the incidence of anemia. Multivariate analysis showed that working period is the dominant factor affecting the incidence of anemia in horticulture farmers.

Conclusion

Pesticide exposure was not associated with anemia. Therefore, in future studies, it is expected to perform the appropriate biomarker testing to detect the presence of pesticide exposure with the biological effect on the health of farmers.

Keywords

anemia; pesticide exposure; holticultural farmers

Full Text:

PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)

References

WHO. Global Nutritions Targets 2025 : Anemia Policy Brief. Geneva, Switzerland: Departement Of Nutrition For Health And Development, World Health Organization;2014
Stevens, G. A., Finucane, M. M., De-Regil, L. M., Paciorek, C. J., Flaxman, S. R., Branca, F., Peña-Rosas, J. P., Bhutta, Z. Q. A. & Ezzati, M.. Global, Regional, And National Trends In Haemoglobin Concentration And Prevalence Of Total And Severe Anaemia In Children And Pregnant And Non-Pregnant Women For 1995–2011: A Systematic Analysis Of Population-Representative Data. Lancet Glob Health,2013; 1, 16-25.
Balitbangkes. Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2007. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia;2007
Balitbangkes. Riset Dasar Kesehatan 2013. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia;2013.
Priwibowo, S. G.. Higiene Perorangan, Pengelolaan Dan Penggunaan Pestisida Pada Peani Terhadap Tingkat Keracunan Pestisida Di Desa Candibinangun Kecamatan Pakem Kabupaten Sleman. Universitas Gadjah Mada;2014
Goldmann, D. L. Childhood Pesticide Poisoning, Switzerland;2004
Djojosumarto, P.. Panduan Lengkap Pestisida Dan Aplikasinya. Jakarta: Pt. Agro Pustaka;2008.
Kruve, A., Kunnapas, A., Herodes, K. & Leito, I.. Matrix Effects In Pesticide Multi-Residue Analysis By Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Journal Of Chromatography;2008; 1187, 58-66.
Repetto, R. & Baliga, S.. Pesticides And The Immune System : The Public Health Risks, World Resources Institute;1996
Djau, R. A.. Faktor Risiko Kejadian Anemia Dan Keracunan Pestisida Pada Pekerja Penyemprot Gulma Di Kebun Kelapa Sawit Pt. Agro Indomas Kabupaten Seruyan Kalimantan Tengah. Universitas Diponegoro;2009.
BPS Garut.. Profil Ketenagakerjaan. Garut;2013
EPA.. Citizen's Guide To Pest Control And Pesticide Safety;2005
Horton, S. & Ross, J. The Economics Of Iron Deficiency. Food Policy;2003 28, 51-75
Alam, S. A. & Wolff . 2012. Do Pesticide Sellers Make Farmers Sick?, Health, Information Sources And Adoption Of Technology In Bangladesh, Bangladesh, University Of Washington.
ATSDR. Agency For Toxic Substances And Disease Registry Case Studies In Environmental Medicine Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Including Pesticides And Chemical Warfare Nerve Agents; 2010 Available: Http://Www.Atsdr.Cdc.Gov/Csem/Cholinesterase/Docs/Cholinesterase.Pdf.
Darmono. Toksisitas Pestisida [Online];2000 Available:Http://Www.Geocities.Com/Kuliah_Farm/Farmasi_Forensik/Pestisida.Doc.
Novianti, L., Triawantu & Rahayu, A.. Faktor Risiko EPA. Pesticides;2007 Available: Http://Www3.Epa.Gov/Epawaste/Hazard/Wastetypes/Universal/Pesticides.Htm.
Gallo, M. A. & Lawryk N. J. Organic Phosphorus Pesticide. Handbook Of Pesticide Toxicology, Ii;1991 921-951.
Handayani, W. & Hariwibowo, A. S. Hematologi, Jakarta, Salemba Medika;2008
Kejadian Anemia Pada Petani Di Desa Pulau Damar Kecamatan Banjang Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara. Banjarbaru: Universitas Lambung Mangkurat Banjarbaru;2013.
Fikri, E., Setiadi, O. & Nurjazuli.. Hubungan Paparan Pestisida Dengan Kandungan Arsen (As) Dalam Urin Dengan Kejadian Anemia (Studi Pada Petani Penyemprot Pestisida Di Kabupaten Brebes). Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia;2012, 11.
Hoffbrand, A. V. & Moss, P. A. H. Kapita Slekta Hematologi, Jakarta, Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC;2002
Kelner, M. J. & Alexander, N. M. Inhibition Of Erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase By Diethyldithiocarbamate Also Results In Oxyhemoglobin-Catalyzed Glutathione Depletion And Methemoglobin Production The Journal Of Biological Chemistry 261;1986 1636 – 1641.
Kurniasih, S. A., Setiadi, O. & Nugraheni, S. A.. Faktor-Faktor Yang Terkait Paparan Pestisida Dan Hubungannya Dengan Kejadian Anemia Pada Petani Holtikultura Di Desa Gombong Kecamatan Belik Kabupaten Pemalang Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia;2013 12.
Purwasih, T. T., Mifbakhudin & Wardani, R. S. Hubungan Pajanan Pestisida Dengan Kadar Kolinesterase Dan Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Wus Petani Di Daerah Bandungan. Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang;2011
Kim, J. H., Kim, J., Cha, E. S., Ko, Y., Kim, D. H. & Lee, W. J. Work-Related Risk Factors By Severity For Acute Pesticide Poisoning Among Male Farmers In South Korea. International Of Journal Research And Public Health, 10;2013
Nesheim, Fishel & Mossler. Toxicity Of Pesticides, Ifas Extention;2014
Pinkhas, J., Djaldetti, M., Joshua, H., Resnick, C. & A. De Vries. Sulfhemoglobinemia And Acute Hemolityc Anemia With Heinz Bodies Following Contact With A Fingicide-Zinc Athylene Bissithiocarbamate- In A Subject With Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency And Hypocatalasemia. American Society Of Hematology; 1983 21, 484-494.