Complete recovery of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in an obese patient

https://doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005503202308

Vina Yanti Susanti(1*), Vita Yanti Anggraeni(2), Adrianus Akbar(3), Benedreky Leo(4)

(1) Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(2) Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(3) Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(4) Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


There is strong evidence indicating that excess adiposity in obesity impacts immune function and host defence. However, almost no known mechanism of how the immune and host defence are affected by the low-grade inflammatory response of the obese has been established. The significance of altered immune response in obesity was presumed to be an independent risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality following the influenza pandemic back in 2009. Similarly, obesity is linked with a higher risk of severity and a worse clinical outcome of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infection.This case reports a complete recovery of a severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection despite having morbid obesity aggravated by metabolic syndrome.


Keywords


COVID-19 infection; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity

Full Text:

PDF


References

1.Zhu X, Yang L, Huang K. COVID-19 and obesity: Epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:4953-9.
https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S285197.
2.Popkin BM, Du S, Green WD, Beck MA, Algaith T, Herbst CH, et al. Individuals with obesity and COVID-19: A global perspective on the epidemiology and biological relationships. Obes Rev 2020; 21(11):e13128.
https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13128.
3.Popkin BM, Adair LS, Ng SW. Global nutrition transition and the pandemic of obesity in developing countries. Nutrition Rev 2012; 70(1):3-21.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00456.
4.Milner JJ, Beck MA. The impact of obesity on the immune response to infection. Proc Nutr Soc 2012; 71(2):298-306.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665112000158.
5.de Frel DL, Atsma DE, Pijl H, Seidell JC, Leenen PJM, Dik WA, et al. The impact of obesity and lifestyle on the immune system and susceptibility to infections such as COVID-19. Front Nutr 2020; 7:597600.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.597600.
6.Sattar N, McInnes IB, McMurray JJV. Obesity is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection: multiple potential mechanisms. Circulation 2020; 142(1):4-6.
https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047659.
7.Green WD, Beck MA. Obesity altered T cell metabolism and the response to infection. Curr Opin Immunol 2017; 46:1-7.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2017.03.008.
8.Wang F, Nie J, Wang H, Zhao Q, Xiong Y, Deng L, et al. Characteristics of peripheral lymphocyte subset alteration in COVID-19 pneumonia. J Infect Dis 2020; 221(11):1762-9.
https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa150.
9.Rajyalakshmi B, Samavedam S, Reddy PR, Aluru N. Prognostic value of “cycle threshold” in COVID-19-confirmed patients. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021; 25(3):322-6.
https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23765.
10.Velavan TP, Meyer CG. Mild versus severe COVID-19: Laboratory markers. 2020; 95:304-7.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.061.
11.Wendel Garcia PD, Fumeaux T, Guerci P, Heuberger DM, Montomoli J, Roche-Campo F, et al. Prognostic factors associated with mortality risk and disease progression in 639 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Europe: Initial report of the international RISC-19-ICU prospective observational cohort. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 25:100499.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100449
12.Dani M, Dirksen A, Taraborrelli P, Torocastro M, Panagopoulos D, Sutton R, et.al. Autonomic dysfunction in 'long COVID': rationale, physiology and management strategies. Clin Med (Lond) 2021; 21(1):e63-7.
https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmed.2020-0896.
13.Vimercati L, Maria LD, Quarato M, Caputi A, Gesualdo L, Migliore G, et al. Association between long COVID and overweight/obesity. J Clin Med. 2021; 10(18):4143.
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184143.
14.Bai F, Tomasoni D, Falcinella C, Barbanotti D, Castoldi R, Mulè G, et al. Female gender is associated with long COVID syndrome: a prospective cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022; 28(4):611.e9-16.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2021.11.002.
15.Sudre CH, Murray B, Varsavsky T, Graham MS, Penfold RS, Bowyer RC, et al. Attributes and predictors of long COVID. Nat Med 2021; 27(4):626-31.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01292-y.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005503202308

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1106 | views : 587


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2023 Vina Yanti Susanti, Vita Yanti Anggraeni, Adrianus Akbar, Benedreky Leo

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.