Prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among obese adolescents in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

https://doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005303202103

Neti Nurani(1*), Navilah Hidayati(2), Delvira Anggraini(3), Nurkharisma Kusumawardani(4), Retno Palupi-Baroto(5)

(1) Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Division, Department of Child Health Sardjito General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada
(4) Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada
(5) Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada/Division of Nephrology, Department of Child Health Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Obesity and overweight are considerable health problems with increasing
prevalence among adolescents. In Indonesia, basic health research data from
Riskesdas shows an increase in the prevalence of obesity in adolescents aged 13-
15 y.o, from 2.6% in 2010 to 6.7% in 2013. This high prevalence of overweight
and obesity is related to various factors. This study aimed to determine the factors
associated with hypertension and obesity in adolescents. This study was
conducted on an overweight population, obese, and super-obese adolescents
aged 13-15 year in the Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. Demographic data included
the history of breastfeeding, birth weight, gender, history of premature birth,
lifestyle, and physical activity were gathered. Anthropometric data included
the weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were also measured and
gathered. Hypertension was measured using a manual sphygmomanometer.
The relationship was analyzed using Pearson chi-square
and the risk value was demonstrated from the odds ratio (OR). A significant relationship between
gender and diastolic hypertension was observed (OR= 2.4; 95%CI = 1.23 –
5.09; p < 0.021). A significant difference related to the number of boy subjects
between the 2 groups of overweight and obesity was also observed Compared
with girls, boys had a higher risk of obesity (OR = 3.23). Other factors including
breastfeeding, history of premature birth, low birth weight, and physical
activity were not statistically significant between two groups in this study
(p>0.05). in conclusion, there is a relationship between gender and diastolic
hypertension incidence among obese adolescents. Boys are more at risk of
obesity compared to girls.

Keywords


Hypertension; Risk Factor; Overweight; Obesity; Adolesence

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005303202103

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