Risk factors related to malaria incidence at Santu’un village, Tabalong District, South Kalimantan Province

Abstract

Santu’un Village is one of malaria endemic areas in Muara Uya Sub district, Tabalong District, South Kalimantan
Province, Indonesia. Annual Parasite Incidences (APIs) from 2007 to 2009 were 11.4, 82.9, and 25.8‰ respectively.
The majority of Muara Uya population are rubber tappers, gold miners and loggers in the forest. Moreover, most of
the Muara Uya population do not use mosquito nets when sleeping at night. These occupations and community
habits may contribute in high malaria incidence in Muara Uya. However, study concerning risk factor of malaria has
not been performed yet. The study was conducted in order to evaluate risk factors that might correlate with malaria
incidence in Santu’un village, Muara Uya subdistrict. Two hundred and ninety one subjects were enrolled in this
study. Those consisted of 70 people whom microscopically malaria positive and 221 people whom malaria negative.
Household visits were conducted to each subject to perform interviews. Data collection of malaria risk factors was
obtained using questionaire. The results indicated that three main occupations, loggers, gold miners and rubber
tapper, were significantly represent risk factors of malaria incidence. The community habits that also significantly
correlated with malaria incidence were the not using of mosquito repellents and not using bed nets. Two clustering
cases were also observed during the year of 2010. The coordinate of the first cluster was 1.863500 S and 115.606700
E with diameter of 0.65 km and the coordinate of the second cluster was 1.838667 S and 115.607200 E with
diameter of 0.67 km. In conclusion, in Santu’un village, the risk factor that correlated with the malaria incidence
were loggers, gold miners, rubber tappers. In addition the not using of mosquito repellents and not using bed nets
were also risk factors of malaria incidence.
Key words: malaria -risk factors-annual parasite incidence-Muara Uya-South Kalimantan