Authors must ensure that all submitted work is original, properly attributed, and compliant with applicable copyright and licensing requirements. Any use of published text, data, figures, tables, or other materials must be appropriately cited and, where necessary, accompanied by permission from the copyright holder.

Plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and any unauthorized use of intellectual property constitute serious breaches of publication ethics. All submissions may be screened using plagiarism-detection software. A similarity index of up to 20% may be acceptable; however, the intentional use of uncited material, including AI-generated content presented without proper disclosure or attribution, is not permitted regardless of the overall similarity score.