Strength Performance of Concrete Using Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM)
Abstract
Rice husk ash (RHA) is an industrial waste obtained from raw material that is processed into ash through the combustion process. It is a solid waste in fine powder form, which contains a large amount of silica and can promote RHA through combustion under certain conditions. Furthermore, it has a high pozzolanic activity due to a large amount of silica, which is a kind of supplementary cementitious material (SCM). According to ASTM C618, RHA has potential as sustainable material that meets the specification of the chemical configuration of pozzolan compound that can be used in cement products and concrete mixing. The use of RHA as SCMs in concrete construction contributes to sustainability and eco-material. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the application of RHA as SCM on the strength base performance of concrete. The sample was directly collected from the rice field after the natural combusting process without additional treatment, controlled burning temperature, or time. RHA was used as an admixture for cement substitute and the mechanical characteristics were evaluated using a cylindrical concrete specimen made with 100-mm diameter and 200-mm height. After 24-hours, the concrete specimens were demolded and immediately immersed curing in fresh water with uncontrolled laboratory condition until the day of testing. The results showed that RHA with a replacement ratio of 7.5% obtained an optimum compressive strength of 40.65 MPa and 48.79 MPa at 28 and 91 days, respectively. The split tensile test also gave an optimum replacement ratio of RHA is 10% with 4.57 MPa at 28 days. These results provide good input on using RHA as SCM for concrete strength base performance and future sustainable material.
References
Ahsan, M. B., & Hossain, Z. (2018). Supplemental use of rice husk ash (RHA) as a cementitious material in concrete industry. Construction and Building Materials, 178, 1-9., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.101.
Binti Kamarulzaman, K., Patah, D., Dasar, A., Hamada, H., Sagawa, Y., Fukunaga, T. and Yamamoto, D., 2020. Polarization Characteristics of Steel Bar in Chloride Contaminated Mortar Mixed with Fly Ash and Blast Furnace Slag for Corrosion Prevention: 3 years’ test result.
British Standard Institution. BS EN 12350-2. Testing fresh concrete. Slump test. London: BSI; 2000.
British Standard Institution. BS EN 12390-3. Testing hardened concrete. Compressive strength of test specimens. London: BSI; 2002.
Candra, F. and Suparma, L.B., 2012, June. UTILIZATION OF TORAY FLY ASH AS FILLER SUBSTITUTION IN THE HOT ROLLED SHEET-WEARING COURSE (HRS-WC) MIXTURE. In Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum (Vol. 20, No. 1).
Chao-Lung, H., Le Anh-Tuan, B., & Chun-Tsun, C. (2011). Effect of rice husk ash on the strength and durability characteristics of concrete. Construction and building materials, 25(9), 3768-3772., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.04.009.
De Sensale, G.R., 2010. Effect of rice-husk ash on durability of cementitious materials. Cement and Concrete Composites, 32(9), pp.718-725., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2010.07.008.
Gastaldini ALG, da Silva MP, Zamberlan FB, Mostardeiro CZ. Total shrinkage, chloride penetration, and compressive strength of concretes that contain clear-colored rice husk ash. Constr Build Mater 2014;54:369–77., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.12.044.
Givi, A. N., Rashid, S. A., Aziz, F. N. A., & Salleh, M. A. M. (2010). Experimental investigation of the size effects of SiO2 nano-particles on the mechanical properties of binary blended concrete. Composites Part B: Engineering, 41(8), 673-677., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb:2010.08.003.
Hesami S, Ahmadi S, Nematzadeh M. Effects of rice husk ash and fiber on mechanical properties od pervious concrete pavement. Constr Build Mater 2014;53:680–91., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.070.
Indonesia, S.N., 2004. Semen portland komposit. SNI 15-7064-2004, ICS 91.10. 10, Badan Standardisasi Nasional, Jakarta.
Kaur, M., Singh, J., & Kaur, M. (2018). Synthesis of fly ash based geopolymer mortar considering different concentrations and combinations of alkaline activator solution. Ceramics International, 44(2), 1534-1537., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.10.071.
Kaur, M., Singh, J., & Kaur, M. (2018). Synthesis of fly ash based geopolymer mortar considering different concentrations and combinations of alkaline activator solution. Ceramics International, 44(2), 1534-1537., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.10.071.
Mahmud HB, Chia BS, Hamid NBAA. Rice husk ash – an alternative material in producing high strength concrete. In: Proceedings of international conference on engineering materials, Ottawa, Canada; 1997. p. 275–84.
Nasional, B.S., 1990. Metode pengujian tentang analisis saringan agregat halus dan kasar. SNI. 03-1968-1990.
Nasional, B.S., 2002. Metode pengujian kuat tarik belah beton. SNI 03-2491-2002, Jakarta.
Papadakis, V.G. and Tsimas, S., 2002. Supplementary cementing materials in concrete: Part I: efficiency and design. Cement and concrete research, 32(10), pp.1525-1532., https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00827-X.
Patah, D., Dasar, A., Hamada, H. and Astuti, P., 2021, February. Effects of Mineral Admixture on Electrical Resistivity and Permeability of Chloride Contaminated Mortar. In 4th International Conference on Sustainable Innovation 2020–Technology, Engineering and Agriculture (ICoSITEA 2020) (pp. 60-63). Atlantis Press.
Patah, D., Hamada, H. and Dasar, A., 2020, June. Effects of Mineral Admixtures on Pore Structure and Compressive Strength of Mortar Contaminated Chloride. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 875, No. 1, p. 012091). IOP Publishing. https://doi:10.1088/1757-899X/875/1/012091.
Raman SN, Ngo T, Mendis P, Mahmud HB. High-strength rice husk ash concrete incorporating quarry dust as a partial substitute for sand. Constr Build Mater 2011; 25:3123–30, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.12.026.
Singh, N. B., Singh, V. D., Rai, S., & Chaturvedi, S. (2002). Effect of lignosulfonate, calcium chloride and their mixture on the hydration of RHA-blended Portland cement. Cement and Concrete Research, 32(3), 387-392., https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00688-3.
Sugita S, Yu Q, Shoya M, Tsukinaga Y, Isojima Y. The concrete way to development. FIP Symposium 1997, vol. 2, Johannesburg, South Africa; 1997a. p. 621.
V. T. Nguyen, G. YE, K. V. Breugel, O. Copuroglu, Hydration and microstructure of ultra-high performance concrete incorporating rice husk ash, Cem. Concr. Res. 41 (11) (2011) 1104-1111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.06.009.
Copyright (c) 2022 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright is granted to authors for the purpose of providing protection for articles written to describe experiments and their results. JCEF will protect and defend the work and reputation of the author and are also willing to address any allegations of violation, plagiarism, fraud, etc. against articles written and published by JCEF. JCEF is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0). The author holds the copyright and assigns the journal rights to the first publication (online and print) of the work simultaneously.
