THE CULTURAL CONSTRUCTION OF BARBIE IN AMERICAN DISCOURSES: NORMAN FAIRCLOUGH’S CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
Intan Khoirun Nisa(1*), Ida Rochani Adi(2)
(1) Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adams, J. T. (1931). The Epic of America. Boston: Little Brown.
Anindya, J. (2013). Fulla's and Barbie's Images in Relation to Women's Beauty and Cultural Differences. Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya, 3(2), 158-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.17510/paradigma.v3i2.41
Asselanis, T. (Director). (1996). I, Doll: The Unauthorized Biography of America's 11 1/2" Sweetheart [Video file]. United States. Retrieved from https://www.wmm.com/catalog/film/i-doll/
Connell, R. W. (1987). Gender and power: Society, the Person, and Sexual Politics. Stanford University Press.
Dittmar, H. (1992). The Social Psychology of Material Possessions: To Have Is to Be. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Dittmar, H., Halliwell, E., & Ive, S. (2006). Does Barbie Make Girls Want to Be Thin? The Effect of Experimental Exposure to Images of Dolls on the Body Image of 5- To 8-Year-Old Girls. Developmental Psychology, 42(2), 283–292. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.42.2.283
Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and Power. Longman.
____________ (1992). Discourse and Social Change. Polity Press.
____________ (1995). Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language. Longman Publishing, New York.
____________ (2013). Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language (Second Edition). Routledge.
Forman-Brunell, M. (2000). What Barbie Dolls Have to Say About Postwar American Culture. Retrieved from http://www.smithsonianeducation.org/idealabs/ap/essays/barbie.htm
Gerber, R. (2009). Barbie and Ruth: The story of the world's most famous doll and the woman who created her. HarperCollins.
Gracia-Arnaiz, M. (2010). Fat Bodies and Thin Bodies. Cultural, Biomedical and Market Discourses on Obesity. Appetite, 55(2), 219–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2010.06.002
Jayanti, N. W., & Adi, I. R. (2020). The Framing of Women’s Ideal Body in American Society in Instagram Illustrations by Julie Houts (@jooleeloren). Rubikon: Journal of Transnational American Studies, 7(2), 148–161. https://doi.org/10.22146/rubikon.v7i2.62751
Kamp, D. (2009). Rethinking the American Dream. Vanity Fair, 4.
Lord, M. G. (2004). Forever Barbie: The Unauthorized Biography of a real doll. Walker & Company, New York.
__________ (n.d.). Barbie. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Barbie
Luce, H. R. (1999). The American Century. Diplomatic History, 23(2), 159–171.
Mattel. (2020, November 15). Amazon.com: Barbie fashionistas doll #165 with wheelchair and ramp ... Amazon. Retrieved from https://www.amazon.com/Barbie-Fashionistas-Wheelchair-Wearing-Tropical/dp/B08HFD54R2
________. (2021, May 4). Amazon.com: Barbie Dreamhouse, Doll House playset with 75+ furniture ... Amazon. Retrieved from https://www.amazon.com/Barbie-Dreamhouse-Dollhouse-Elevator-Customizable/dp/B08V1R73H9
________. (n.d.). Barbie Believes in The Power of Representation. Retrieved from https://barbie.mattel.com/shop/en-us/ba/diversity?icid=all_header_top-nav_about-representation_p2
_______________Our History. Retrieved from https://barbie.mattel.com/en-us/about/history.html?icid=all_header_top-nav_history_p9
_______________ Timeline. Barbie. Retrieved from http://www.barbiemedia.com/timeline.html
Mills, C. W. (1951). White Collar: The American Middle Classes. Oxford University Press, New York.
Moore, K., & Coote, R. (2019). I’ve Had 100 Surgeries to Look Like Barbie | HOOKED ON THE LOOK. Truly Channel. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRVksvQPcTs.
Nachbar, J., & Lause, K. (1992). Popular Culture: An introductory text. Bowling Green University Popular Press.
Norton, K. I., Olds, T. S., Olive, S., & Dank, S. (1996). Ken and Barbie at Life Size. Sex Roles, 34(3-4), 287–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01544300
Pravitasari, S. G. (2006). Barbie: The American Icon (thesis). Retrieved from http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/32981.
Riesman, D. (1989). The Lonely Crowd. Yale University Press.
Rintala, M., & Mustajoki, P. (1992). Could Mannequins Menstruate? British Medical Journal, 305(6868), 1575–1576. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.305.6868.1575
Rogers, M. F. (1999). Barbie Culture. Sage Publications.
Smith, G. D. (2009). Love as Redemption The American Dream Myth and the Celebrity Biopic. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 33(3), 222–238. https://doi.org/10.1177/0196859909333696
The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (2023, January 31). Declaration of Independence: A Transcription. https://www.Archives.gov/. Retrieved March 1, 2023, from https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration-transcript
Tighe, D. (2023, March 1). Gross sales of Mattel's Barbie Brand Worldwide from 2012 to 2022. Statista. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/370361/gross-sales-of-mattel-s-barbie-brand/
Tulinski, H. (2017). Barbie as Cultural Compass: Embodiment, Representation, and Resistance Surrounding the World’s Most Iconized Doll (Unpublished master's thesis). College of the Holy Cross. Retrieved from http://crossworks.holycross.edu/soc_student_scholarship/1
Uncu, G. (2019). The “Barbie” Doll as A Popular Culture Icon: A New Image of Women Created Within, The Context of Gender Roles (C. Aslan & Ö A. Ördem, Eds.). In Social Science I (pp. 87-99). Akademisyen Kitabevi A.Ş. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332607148.
Veblen, T. (1899). The Theory of the Leisure Class. Transaction Publishers.
Wuthnow, R. (1993). Pious Materialism: How Americans View Faith and Money. Retrieved from https://www.religion-online.org/article/pious-materialism-how-americans-view-faith-and-money/
Zavella, P. (1987). Women’s work and Chicano Families: Cannery Workers of the Santa Clara Valley. Cornell University Press.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/rubikon.v10i2.86576
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 3648 | views : 2138Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2023 Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.