Re-examining the Role of Youths in Independent Political Movements: The Case of Jogja Independent

https://doi.org/10.22146/pcd.35203

Desiana Rizka Fimmastuti(1*)

(1) Research Centre for Politics and Government Fisipol Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


This article discusses the involvement of  youths in independent political movements since Indonesia’s political reform. Political reform became important to be elaborated cause the opening of political space in both political parties and civil society, including for youths. However, this ideal has not been realised, as political parties have been limited by several pathologies and the lack of  inclusivity. In the other hand, the establish of  independent movements have created alternative spaces for political activity, including for youths. Applying a Bourdieuan perspective, this article examines the habitus and capital evident within such independent movements’ political interactions. This article examined the youths in the Jogja Independent Movement (Gerakan Jogja Independent, JOINT), one independent political movement that has been involved in mayoral elections in Yogyakarta City. The exclusivity of  political parties has led the movement to gather public support by collecting identity cards and public donations. Although no longer extant, the movement can still be understood as an arena for interactions between openly recruited volunteers and initiators. This study finds that youths have been unable to become agents and voice their own interests. Elitism continues to pose an obstacle to youths’ political involvement, as positions of  power remain dominated by a small group of  elites. Youths, having become involved through open recruitment, have yet  to become capable of  cross-field movement as they lack the capital of  their closed-recruitment peers. At the same time, the academic habitus of  these volunteers is incongruent with the political field, leading many youths to leave the movement. Political space being dominated by a small group of  elites further limits their available space. The decreasing number of volunteers indicates that JOINT was unable to ensure sustained membership, leading to its ultimate failure.

Keywords


youth politics; independent political movement; political space

Full Text:

PDF


References

Adib, M. (2012). Agen dan Struktur dalam Pandangan Pierre Bourdieu. Biokultur, 1(2).

Ambardi, K. (2009). Mengungkap Politik Kartel: Studi Tentang Sistem Kepartaian di Indonesia Era Reformasi. Jakarta: Gramedia and LSI.

Anderson, B. (1988). Revoloesi Pemoeda: Pendudukan Jepang dan Perlawanan di Jawa, 1944–1946. Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan.

Argenti, G. (2016). Gerakan Sosial di Indonesia: Studi Kasus Gerakan Mahasiswa tahun 1974. Jurnal Politikom Indonesiana, 1(1).

Aspinall, E., & van Klinken, G. (2011). The State and Illegality in Indonesia. Leiden: KITLV Press.

Atsari, A. (2016). Politik Relawan: Kandidasi Calon Perseorangan di Jogja Independent (JOINT). Yogyakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.

Cruz, E. (2016). Young Immigrants' Association and the Future Latino Leadership in the U.S.: Dreamers' Social Capital and Political Engagement. Norteamerica, 11(2). 165–191.

Daliyoto, S. (2013). Perubahan Pilihan Politik Masyarakat Pada Pemilihan Umum Legislatif (Studi Kasus Perubahan Pilihan Politik Masyarakat Kota Yogyakarta Atas Lima Partai Utama Perolehan Suara Nasional Pemilu 2004 Dan Pemilu 2009. Yogyakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.

Fimmastuti, D. (2017). Persepsi Pemuda Tentang Gerakan Jogja Independent (Joint) dalam Pelaksanaan Pilwalkot Kota Yogyakarta Tahun 2017 dan Implikasinya Terhadap Ketahanan Politik Pemuda. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada

Frey, W.H. (2018). The Millennial Generation: A Demographic Bridge to America's Diverse Future, Metropolitan Policy Program at Brookings.

Fuad, Z. M. 2015. Peran Pemuda Relawan Demokrasi dalam Meningkatkan Partisipasi Politik Masyarakat pada Pemilihan Umum Legislatif Tahun 2014 Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Ketahanan Politik Wilayah (Studi Pada Relawan Demokrasi Banyumas, Jawa Tengah), Thesis: Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Hadiz, V. (2002). The Indonesian Labor Movement: Resurgent or Constrained? Southeast Asian Affairs, 130–142.

Hall, T., Coffey, A., & Williamson, H. (1999). Self, Space and Place: Youth Identities and Citizenship. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 20(4).

Hasanudin, U. (2016). JOINT Mundur dari Kontestan Pilwalkot, Apa Alasannya? Harian Jogja. Retrieved 19 January 2017 from http://m.harianjogja.com/baca/2016/07/21/pilkada-jogja-joint-mundur-dari-kontestan-pilwalkot-apa-alasannya-738921.

Hidayatullah, B.A., 2015, Partisipasi Pemuda dalam Pemilihan Umum 2014 dan Implikasinya Terhadap Ketahanan Politik Wilayah Pondok Pesantren (Studi di Yayasan Pondok Pesantren Ali Maksum, Krapyak Kulon, Desa Panggungharjo, Kecamatan Sewon, Kabupaten Bantul, Propinsi Daerah Istimewa), Thesis: Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Hidayat, A.N. (2018), Beda Cara Generasi Milenial dalam Politik. Kompas. Retrieved 11 September 2018, from https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2018/09/17/19090001/beda-cara-generasi-milenial-dalam-politik.

Imawan, A. (2017). Mengungkap Proses Kandidasi Calon Independen Komunitas Relawan Jogja Independent Menjelang Pemilihan Walikota Yogyakarta tahun 2017. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada.

JOINT. (2016). ACARA: Tim 10 Yang Menjadi Panelis Konvensi. Jogja Independent. Retrieved 3 January 2017 from http://jogjaindependent2017.com/acara-tim-10-yang-menjadi-panelis-konvensi/.

JOINT. (2016). KANDIDAT: Bakal Calon Walikota JOINT. Jogja Independent. Retrieved 3 January 2017 from http://jogjaindependent2017.com/kandidat/.

Korzenevica, M. (2016). Young People Navigating Political Engagement through Post-War Instability and Mobility: A Case from Rural Nepal. Geoforum, 74: 19–28.

Kroef, J. (1972). Indonesian Nationalism Reconsidered. Pacific Affairs, 45(1): 42-59.

Kuzio, T. (2006). Civil Society, Youth and Societal Mobilization in Democratic Revolutions. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 39: 365–386.

Meiji, N. (2015). Pemuda dan Partai Politik (Studi Mengenai Latar Belakang dan Strategi Anak Muda untuk Bertahan serta Membangun Karir Politik di dalam Partai PDIP dan PKB pada Pemilu Legislatif 2014). Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Minot, S. (1989). American Eye: What Makes Bernie Run? The North American Review, 274(4), 8–13.

Minza, W. M., Wahid, M., Zaky, M., & Shabrina, Z. R. (2017). Youth Movements and the Politics of Recognition and Redistribution. In E. Hiariej, & K. Stokke, Politics of Citizenship in Indonesia (pp. 271–304). Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.

Nicholls, W. J. (2013). From Political Opportunities to Niche-openings: The Dilemmas of Mobilizing for Immigrant Rights in Inhospitable Environments. Theory and Society, 43(1) , 23-49.

Nugrahani, S. (2015). Dinamika Relasi Organisasi Kolateral Independen dan Partai Politik: Relasi Gerakan Mahasiswa Islam Indonesia (GMII) dan Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP). Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Olaiya, T. (2014). Youth and Ethnic Movements and their Impacts on Party Politics in ECOWAS Member States. Sage Open, 1–12.

Pamungkas, S. (2012). Partai Politik: Teori dan Praktek di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Institute for Democracy and Welfarism.

Pertiwi, C. (2013). Peranan Pemuda dalam Pergerakan Nasional Indonesia, 1908–1920. Jember, East Java: Universitas Jember.

Robison, R., & Hadiz, V. (2004). Reorganising Power in Indonesia: The Politics of Oligarchy in an Age of Markets. London: Routledge Curzon.

Rukminijati, T., Rais, A., & Winarno, B. (1995). Peranan Komite Nasional Pemuda Indonesia (KNPI) dalam Pembangunan Politik: Studi Kasus di Jawa Barat. Jurnal Berkala Penelitian Pasca Sarjana Universitas Gadjah Mada, 8: 325–338.

Samadhi, W. P., & Prasetyo, W. (2017). Gerakan Pro Demokrasi Mengambang Tanpa Strategi yang Berakar. Prisma: 67–82.

Seo, Y. (2017). Democracy in the Ageing Society: Quest for Political Equilibrium between Generations. Futures 85: 42–57.

Siemiatycki, M. (2011). Governing Immigrant City: Immigrant Political Representation in Toronto. American Behavioral Scientist, 55(9): 1214–1234.

Sihidi, I.T. (2017). Ekspresi Volunteerism Politik Studi Teman Ahok di Pilkada DKI Jakarta 2017, Thesis. Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Slater, D. (2004). Indonesia's Accountability Trap: Party Cartels and Presidential Power after Democratic Transition. Indonesia 78: 61–92.

Suryadinata, L. (1978). Indonesian Nationalism and the Pre-War Youth Movement: A Re-examination. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 9(1) , 99–114.

Trijono, L., & Djalong, F. F. (2011). Pemuda Sebagai Agensi Politik Problem dan Tantangan dalam Periode Pasca Orde Baru. In N. Azca, Pemuda Pasca Orba: Potret Kontemporer Pemuda Indonesia (pp. 21–36). Yogyakarta: Yousure UGM.

Usman, S. (1996). Pemuda, Ulama dan Pemilu: Tinjauan Sosiologi Politik . Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 1(1).

Wahana, H.D., (2015). Pengaruh Nilai-Nilai Budaya Generasi Millennial dan Budaya Sekolah Terhadap Ketahanan Individu. Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 21(1).

Winters, J. (2011). Oligarchy. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Yulianto, A. (2002). Hubungan Sipil Militer di Indonesia Pasca Orba. Jakarta: Rajawali Press.

Zubir, Z. A. (2000). Dari NKK/BKK ke Era Reformasi: Studi Tentang Gerakan Mahasiswa di Sumatera Barat 1978-1999. Padang: Universitas Andalas.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/pcd.35203

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1644 | views : 1495

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2019 PCD Journal

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

web
analytics View My Stats

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

       

 

 

                                © Faculty of Social and Political Sciences Gadjah Mada University Jl. Sosio-Yustisia Bulaksumur Yogyakarta 55281
                                                     Telp (0274) 563362 Ext. 150; +62 811 2515 863 - email: pcd@ugm.ac.id