Menelisik Makna “Kritis” dalam Geografi Kritis

Rangga Kala Mahaswa; Luthfi Baihaqi Riziq; Al Irfani Thariq Azhar

doi:10.22146/mgi.99788

Menelisik Makna “Kritis” dalam Geografi Kritis

https://doi.org/10.22146/mgi.99788

Rangga Kala Mahaswa^(1*), Luthfi Baihaqi Riziq⁽²⁾, Al Irfani Thariq Azhar⁽³⁾

(1) Fakultas Filsafat, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia dan Pusat Studi Antroposen, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(2) Fakultas Filsafat, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(3) Fakultas Filsafat, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Abstrak. Dalam perkembangannya, geografi manusia menginkorporasikan isu-isu politis sebagai bentuk pergerakan oposisional terhadap prevalensi masalah sosial, seperti ketimpangan, rasisme, gender, dan problem lingkungan. Peradikalan geografi manusia dalam tataran metodis terjadi melalui trajektori pemikiran Marxisme yang dimajukan oleh David Harvey. Pembacaan Harvey terhadap geografi mendekatkan diri dengan Marx dan pemikir-pemikir setelahnya, seperti Henri Lefebvre, untuk mencari aspek keruangan dari dominasi kapitalisme. Geografi kritis kemudian menambahkan berbagai gaya pemikiran—di antaranya, feminisme, pascakolonialisme, dan pascastrukturalisme—dalam upaya membongkar, mendekonstruksi, dan mengubah berbagai bentuk penindasan. Keterlibatan tradisi selain Marxisme menimbulkan diskursus yang terlampau luas yang semuanya kini disatukan dalam term payung “geografi kritis”. Kondisi ilmu geografi dewasa ini menuntut pertanyaan mengenai delineasi geografi kritis di samping geografi adjektival lainnya (“geografi fisik”, “geografi sosial”, “geografi regional”). Tulisan ini akan menjawab pertanyaan tersebut melalui beberapa pembagian bahasan sebagai berikut. Pertama, tulisan ini akan melacak sejarah perkembangan geografi kritis dari perkembangan geografi sebelumnya yang memantik kehadiran metode radikal. Kemudian, geografi kritis akan ditampilkan secara kontekstual dalam perkembangannya sebagai geografi yang inklusif terhadap berbagai diskursus filosofis. Kedua, tulisan ini akan menjabarkan secara kritis konsep-konsep yang esensial di dalam geografi kritis bersama dengan, ketiga, metodologi yang menjadi benang merah antara berbagai pendekatan dan gaya dalam geografi kritis. Keempat, tulisan ini akan melihat cara kerja geografi kritis dalam literatur yang telah tersedia untuk melihat persimpangan geografi kritis dengan berbagai bidang ilmu dan masalah, seperti hukum, aktivisme sosial, dan mitigasi bencana. Terakhir, tulisan ini ditutup dengan kajian reflektif mengenai makna term “kritis” dan penggunaannya dalam diskursus geografi kritis serta membayangkan ulang geografi di Indonesia dalam bentuk yang memungkinkan interaksi secara intens dengan bidang-bidang sosial humaniora. Hal ini akan menggambarkan garis besar geografi yang bersifat multidisipliner, termasuk mengambil wawasan dari filsafat.

Abstract. This paper explores the progress of human geography's incorporation of political issues as a form of oppositional movement against prevalent social problems, such as inequality, racism, gender, and environmental issues. The radicalisation of human geography on a methodological level emerged through the trajectory of Marxist thought, as advanced by David Harvey. Harvey’s interpretation of geography aligns with Marx and later thinkers, such as Henri Lefebvre, to uncover the spatial dimensions of capitalist domination. Critical geography then integrated various intellectual approaches—feminism, postcolonialism, and poststructuralism—to deconstruct and transform various forms of oppression. The inclusion of traditions beyond Marxism has broadened the discourse, all of which now fall under the umbrella term "critical geography." The current state of geography raises questions regarding the delineation of critical geography alongside other adjectival forms of geography ("physical geography”, "social geography”, "regional geography"). This study addresses these questions in several sections. First, it traces the historical development of critical geography from earlier geographic traditions, which sparked the emergence of radical methodologies. It also contextualises critical geography as an inclusive field that embraces various philosophical discourses. Second, the paper critically examines essential concepts within critical geography, followed by, third, an exploration of the methodologies that link diverse approaches and styles in critical geography. Fourth, it analyses the application of critical geography in the existing literature, highlighting its intersections with various fields and issues such as law, social activism, and disaster mitigation. Finally, the paper concludes with a reflective analysis of the term "critical" and its usage in the discourse of critical geography, reimagining geography in Indonesia in a way that allows for intensive interaction with the social sciences and humanities. This reflection outlines the multidisciplinary of geography by drawing insights from philosophy.

Submitted: 2024-09-30 Revisions: 2025-02-17 Accepted: 2025-02-17 Published: 2025-02-18

Keywords

Geografi; Kritisisme; Pascamodernisme; Metodologi Baru

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/mgi.99788