Penggunaan Surfaktan pada Sistem Dispersi Padat Terner: Manfaat dan Risiko

Muhammad Seftian; Marlyn Dian Laksitorini; Teuku Nanda Saifullah Sulaiman

doi:10.22146/farmaseutik.v19i4.86720

Penggunaan Surfaktan pada Sistem Dispersi Padat Terner: Manfaat dan Risiko

https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v19i4.86720

Muhammad Seftian⁽¹⁾, Marlyn Dian Laksitorini⁽²⁾, Teuku Nanda Saifullah Sulaiman^(3*)

(1) Magister Ilmu Farmasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Sekip Utara, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(2) Departemen Farmasetika, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Sekip Utara, Sleman, Yogyakarta 5528, Indonesia
(3) Departemen Farmasetika, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Sekip Utara, Sleman, Yogyakarta 5528, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Beberapa decade terakhir, kelarutan menjadi tantangan besar dalam pengembangan obat. Diperkirakan lebih dari 90% kandidat obat baru memiliki kelarutan dalam air yang kurang baik. Berbagai inovasi teknologi telah diaplikasikan guna meningkatkan kelarutan obat dalam air, salah satunya dispersi padat. Seiring berkembangnya teknologi, dispersi padat generasi baru menambahkan surfaktan sebagai sistem terner. Penelitian sebelumnya mengungkapkan peningkatan kecepatan disolusi pada sistem terner obat-polimer-surfaktan terjadi lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan dispersi padat tanpa surfaktan. Akan tetapi penelitian lain juga mengungkapan efek negatif dari surfaktan terhadap stabilitas sistem dispersi padat. Review ini mendiskusikan penggunaan surfaktan sebagai sistem terner dispersi padat. Salah satu tantangan pengembangan sistem dispersi padat adalah drug loading yang terbatas dan adanya rekristalisasi selama proses disolusi. Surfaktan mencegah kristalisasi obat selama proses disolusi melalui efek solubilisasi dengan cara mendispersikan molekul obat dalam bentuk nanodroplet. Di sisi lain, beberapa penelitian lain mengungkapkan hasil yang kontradiktif yang menyatakan surfaktan justru mempercepat nukleasi dan memberikan efek negatif terhadap stabilitas sistem dispersi padat. Efek surfaktan pada sistem dispersi padat akan tergantung pada struktur, afinitas interaksi, dan konsentrasi yang digunakan. Seleksi surfaktan yang kompatibel dengan sistem yang dikembangkan perlu dilakukan karena pada titik tertentu surfaktan dapat menjadi kompetitor yang menekan interaksi obat-polimer dan memicu kristalisasi

Keywords

surfaktan; dispersi padat; kelarutan; disolusi; stabilitas

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v19i4.86720