Evaluasi Aktivitas Sitotoksik Ekstrak Paku Tanduk Rusa [Platycerium coronarium (J.Koenig ex O.F.Müll.)] Desv. Terhadap Sel Kanker Payudara MCF-7

Pinus Jumaryatno; Kristy Tri Wardhani; Annisa Fitria

doi:10.22146/farmaseutik.v19i4.85592

Evaluasi Aktivitas Sitotoksik Ekstrak Paku Tanduk Rusa [Platycerium coronarium (J.Koenig ex O.F.Müll.)] Desv. Terhadap Sel Kanker Payudara MCF-7

https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v19i4.85592

Pinus Jumaryatno^(1*), Kristy Tri Wardhani⁽²⁾, Annisa Fitria⁽³⁾

(1) Jurusan Farmasi, Universitas Islam Indonesia
(2) Jurusan Farmasi, Universitas Islam Indonesia
(3) Jurusan Farmasi, Universitas Islam Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Platycerium coronarium (J.Koenig ex O.F.Müll.) Desv. atau dikenal dengan Paku Tanduk Rusa merupakan tanaman yang secara tradisional biasa digunakan untuk mengobati penyakit kanker di Sumatera Utara. Namun, kemampuannya dalam melawan kanker payudara masih belum diketahui. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi sitotoksisitas ekstrak P. coronarium terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7. Selain itu, skrining fitokimia terhadap ekstrak aktif juga dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi golongan senyawa yang terkandung didalamnya. Evaluasi sitotoksisitas dilakukan terhadap akar serabut, spora, daun fertil dan daun steril P. coronarium dan ekstraknya diperoleh dengan cara maserasi yang dibantu gelombang gelombang ultrasonik menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Sitotoksisitas masing-masing ekstrak terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7 ditentukan dengan menggunakan MTT-assay. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya ekstrak akar serabut yang menunjukkan aktivitas sitotoksik dengan nilai IC₅₀ sebesar 427,76 ppm, sedangkan ekstrak lainnya tidak aktif. Selanjutnya senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, triterpenoid/steroid, saponin dan fenolik teridentifikasi pada skrining fitokimia terhadap ekstrak akar serabut. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, ekstrak akar serabut P. coronarium memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik yang lemah terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7 dan penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mencari metabolit sekunder bioaktif yang bertanggung jawab atas aktivitas sitotoksik.

Kata Kunci: Kanker payudara; MCF-7; MTT-assay; Platycerium coronarium; sitotoksik

ABSTRACT

Platycerium coronarium (J.Koenig ex O.F.Müll.) Desv. or known as Paku Tanduk Rusa is a plant commonly used traditionally to treat cancer in North Sumatera. However, its capability against breast cancer remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of P. coronarium extract against breast cancer cell line MCF-7. In addition, the phytochemical profile of the active extract was also screened. The cytotoxicity evaluation was conducted to the fibrous roots, spores, fertile leaves and sterile leaves of P. coronarium and the extracts of which were obtained by ultrasound-assisted maceration using ethanol 70%. Their cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell line was determined using MTT assay. The results showed that only the fibrous roots extract exhibited cytotoxic activity with an IC₅₀ value of 427.76 ppm, while other extracts were inactive. Furthermore alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids/steroid, saponins and phenolic compounds were identified on the phytochemical screening of fibrous roots extract. Based on this study, the fibrous root extract of P. coronarium has weak cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cell line and warrants further investigation for the search of the bioactive secondary metabolites that responsible for the cytotoxic activity.

Keywords: breast cancer; cytotoxic; MCF-7; MTT-assay; Platycerium coronarium

Keywords

Kanker payudara; MCF-7; MTT-assay; Platycerium coronarium; sitotoksik

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v19i4.85592