Masa-Depan Cerah, Bahaya Menunggu: Negara-Bangsa Baru dan Kekerasan Massal di Asia Tenggara

https://doi.org/10.22146/lembaran-sejarah.23805

Henk Schulte Nordholt(1*)

(1) 
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


In this article the impact of the Cold War in Southeast Asia is evaluated. The region was turned into the hottest battlefields of this conflict which costed the lives of about seven million people. The Cold War also terminated fragile attempts to turn newly independent nation-states into democracies. Instead every country in Southeast Asia experienced authoritarian rule by either capitalist of socialist regimes. In the capitalist countries middle classes emerged which profited from economic growth under authoritarian rule. Since democracy was associated with instability and mass violence and economic growth with authoritarian rule, middle classes were very late in supporting new attempts to democratize their political systems.

Keywords


Cold War, Southeast Asia, mass violence, developmental state

Full Text:

PDF


References

Anderson, Benedict. 1983. “Old State, New Society: Indonesia’s New Order in Comparative Historical Perspective,” The Journal of Asian Studies 42: 477-496.

Baker, Chris dan Phonghpaichit, Pasuk. 2014. A History of Thailand. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Third Edition.

Cheah Boon Kheng. 2002. Malaysia: The Making of a Nation. Singapore: ISEAS.

Chegary, Jacques. 1955. Bliss in Bali. The Island of Taboos. London: Arthur Barker.

Cribb, Robert (ed.). 1990. The Indonesian Killings 1965-1966: Studies from Java and Bali. Clayton: Monash Centre of Southeast Asian Studies.

Cribb, Robert, dan Narangoa, Li. 2004. “Orphans of Empire: Divided Peoples, Dilemmas of Identity, and Old Imperial Borders in East and Southeast Asia,” Comparative Studies in Society and History 46: 164-187.

Day, Tony dan Liem, Maya. 2004. Cultures at War. The Cold War and Cultural Expression in Southeast Asia. Ithaca: Southeast Asia Program.

Farabi Fakih. 2014.The Rise of the Managerial State in Indonesia. PhD thesis Leiden University.

Fein, Helen. 1993. “Revolutionary and Antirevolutionary Genocides: A Comparison of State Murders in Democratic Kampuchea, 1975 to 1979, and in Indonesia, 1965 to 1966,” 35: 796-823. Comparative Studies in Society and History

Harper, Tim. 1999. The End of Empire and the Making of Malaya. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kerkvliet, Ben. 2002. The Huk Rebellion: A Study of Peasant Revolt in the Philippines. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.

Kiernan, Ben. 2008. The Pol Pot Regime. Race, Power, and Genocide in Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge, 1975-79. New Haven: Yale University Press. Third Edition.

Klinken, Gerry van. 2012. “Death by Deprivation in East Timor 1975-1980,” Reinventing Peace, World Peace Foundation. http://sites.tufts.edu/reinventingpeace/2012/04/17/death-bydeprivation-in-east-timor-1975-1980/.

Lieberman, Victor. 2003 dan 2009. Strange Parallels. Southeast Asia in Global Context ca. 800 – 1830. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Lindsay, Jennifer dan Liem, Maya (eds). 2012. Heirs to World Culture. Being Indonesia 1950-1965. Leiden: KITLV Press.

Schulte Nordholt, Henk. 2015. “From Contest State to Patronage Democracy: the Longue Durée of Clientelism in Indonesia’, David Henley dan Schulte Nordholt, Henk (eds). Environment, Trade and Society in Southeast Asia. A Longue Durée Perspective. Leiden: Brill/ KITLV. hlm. 166-180

Taylor, Keith. 2013. A History of the Vietnamese. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Taylor, Robert. 2009. The State in Myanmar. London: Hurst.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/lembaran-sejarah.23805

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 3782 | views : 35937

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2017 Lembaran Sejarah

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


ISSN 2620-5882(online) | © 2024 Lembaran Sejarah

View My Stats